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Wang HB, Xiao X, Dai W, Cui Y, Li WM, Peng R, Hu L, Wang ST. Dispel some mist on circulating biopterins: measurement, physiological interval and pathophysiological implication. Metabolomics 2024; 20:74. [PMID: 38980520 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biopterins, including tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2), and biopterin (B), were crucial enzyme cofactors in vivo. Despite their recognized clinical significance, there remain notable research gaps and controversies surrounding experimental outcomes. This study aims to clarify the biopterins-related issues, including analytical art, physiological intervals, and pathophysiological implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel LC-MS/MS method was developed to comprehensively profile biopterins in plasma, utilizing chemical derivatization and cold-induced phase separation. Subsequently, apparently healthy individuals were enrolled to investigate the physiological ranges. And the relationships between biopterins and biochemical indicators were analyzed to explore the pathophysiological implications. RESULTS The developed method was validated as reliable for detecting biopterins across the entire physiological range. Timely anti-oxidation was found to be essential for accurate assessment of biopterins. The observed overall mean ± SDs levels were 3.51 ± 0.94, 1.54 ± 0.48, 2.45 ± 0.84 and 5.05 ± 1.14 ng/mL for BH4, BH2, BH4/BH2 and total biopterins. The status of biopterins showed interesting correlations with age, gender, hyperuricemia and overweight. CONCLUSION In conjunction with proper anti-oxidation, the newly developed method enables accurate determination of biopterins status in plasma. The observed physiological intervals and pathophysiological implications provide fundamental yet inspiring support for further clinical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wen Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wan-Man Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Medical Laboratory, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, 545000, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liu Hu
- Physical Examination Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shao-Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Long-term Western diet fed apolipoprotein E-deficient rats exhibit only modest early atherosclerotic characteristics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5416. [PMID: 29615808 PMCID: PMC5882891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the apolipoprotein E–deficient mouse, the gut microbiota has an impact on the development of atherosclerosis, but whether such correlations are also present in rats requires investigation. Therefore, we studied female SD-Apoetm1sage (Apoe−/−) rats fed either a Western diet or a low-fat control diet with or without gluten, which is known to promote gut microbiota changes, until 20 weeks of age. We hypothesized that the manifestation of atherosclerosis would be more severe in Apoe−/− rats fed the Western high-fat diet, as compared with rats fed the low-fat diet, and that atherosclerosis would be accelerated by gluten. Both Western diet-feeding and gluten resulted in significant changes in gut microbiota, but the microbiota impact of gluten was transient. Compared with Apoe−/− rats fed a low-fat diet, Western diet-fed Apoe−/− rats were heavier and became glucose intolerant with increased levels of oxidative stress. They developed early fatty streak lesions in their aortic sinus, while there was no evidence of atherosclerosis in the thoracic aorta. No conclusions could be made on the impact of gluten on atherosclerosis. Although Western diet-fed Apoe−/− rats exhibited a more human-like LDL dominated blood lipid profile, signs of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease were modest.
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Valdés C, Arauna D, González D, Villaseñor J. Simplified HPLC methodology for quantifying biological pterins by selective oxidation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1055-1056:113-118. [PMID: 28460363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) has become a potential therapeutic tool to treat cardiovascular diseases, since it is an essential cofactor of nitric oxide synthase. In order to quantify the amount of BH4 and its related biopterins, a procedure that involves differential oxidation is currently used, which measures biopterin (the product of the oxidation of BH4 and BH2) at two different pH conditions to calculate the quantity of BH2 and BH4, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this work, a method was established in order to quantify BH4 and BH2 by adapting previously described procedures. Several chromatographic conditions were evaluated to define the most convenient methodology. Four types of mobile phases and two different analytical columns were used for HPLC. Additionally, calibration curves were made in acid and basic pH compatible with the differential oxidation method. Each method was suitable for quantification purposes, but the choice was based on an economic factor. The selected condition was a mobile phase of 95% water/5% methanol using a C18 column at 35°C at a flow rate of 0.9mL/min. Then, it was calculated the recovery rate, which was about 80% using the chosen method. The aim of this work was to establish a simplified method of differential oxidation, compatible with matrixes such as cardiac tissue in order to facilitate the assessment of the BH4/BH2 ratio in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Valdés
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Diego Arauna
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Daniel González
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Jorge Villaseñor
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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Tveden-Nyborg P, Birck MM, Ipsen DH, Thiessen T, Feldmann LDB, Lindblad MM, Jensen HE, Lykkesfeldt J. Diet-induced dyslipidemia leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and oxidative stress in guinea pigs. Transl Res 2016; 168:146-160. [PMID: 26518991 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic dyslipidemia imposed by a high-fat and high-caloric dietary regime leads to debilitating disorders such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and insulin resistance. As disease rates surge, so does the need for high validity animal models to effectively study the causal relationship between diet and disease progression. The dyslipidemic guinea pig displays a high similarity with the human lipoprotein profile and may in this aspect be superior to other rodent models. This study investigated the effects of 2 long-term Westernized diets (0.35% cholesterol, 18.5% vegetable oil and either 15% or 20% sucrose) compared with isocaloric standard chow in adult guinea pigs. Biochemical markers confirmed dyslipidemia in agreement with dietary regimens; however, both high-fat groups displayed a decreased tissue fat percentage compared with controls. Macroscopic appearance, histopathologic evaluation, and plasma markers of liver function confirmed NAFLD in high-fat groups, supported by liver redox imbalance and markers suggesting hepatic endothelial dysfunction. Plasma markers indicated endothelial dysfunction in response to a high-fat diet, although atherosclerotic lesions were not evident. Evaluation of glucose tolerance showed no indication of insulin resistance. The 5% increase in sucrose between the 2 high-fat diets did not lead to significant differences between groups. In conclusion, we find the dyslipidemic guinea pig to be a valid model of diet imposed dyslipidemia, particularly with regards to hepatic steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, the absence of obesity supports the present study setup as targeting NAFLD in nonobese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Malene M Birck
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - David H Ipsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tina Thiessen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Linda de Bie Feldmann
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maiken M Lindblad
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik E Jensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Reimann M, Häggström J, Mortensen A, Lykkesfeldt J, Møller J, Falk T, Olsen L. Biopterin status in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease is associated with disease severity and cardiovascular risk factors. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1520-6. [PMID: 25274442 PMCID: PMC4895593 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been suggested to be associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an important cofactor for production of the endothelium-derived vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Under conditions of oxidative stress, BH4 is oxidized to the biologically inactive form dihydrobiopterin (BH2). Thus, plasma concentrations of BH2 and BH4 may reflect ED and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To determine plasma concentrations of BH2 and BH4 in dogs with different degrees of MMVD. ANIMALS Eighty-four privately owned dogs grouped according to ACVIM guidelines (37 healthy control dogs including 13 Beagles and 24 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels [CKCSs], 33 CKCSs with MMVD of differing severity including 18 CKCSs [group B1] and 15 CKCSs [group B2], and 14 dogs of different breeds with clinical signs of congestive heart failure [CHF] because of MMVD [group C]). METHODS Dogs underwent clinical examination including echocardiography. Plasma concentrations of BH2 and BH4 were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. RESULTS Higher plasma BH4 and BH2 concentrations were found with dogs in CHF compared with all other groups (control, B1 and B2; P ≤ .001). Females had higher concentrations of BH4 and BH4/BH2 (P ≤ .0003). BH4/BH2 was found to decrease with age (P < .0001). Cardiovascular risk factors in humans such as passive smoking (P ≤ .01) and increased body weight (P ≤ .009) were associated with lower BH4 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Age, sex, body weight, passive smoking, and cardiac status are associated with plasma biopterin concentration in dogs. Additional studies should clarify the clinical implications of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Reimann
- Department of Veterinary Disease BiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - J. Häggström
- Department of Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - A. Mortensen
- Department of Veterinary Disease BiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - J. Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Disease BiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - J.E. Møller
- Department of CardiologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - T. Falk
- Department of Veterinary Disease BiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - L.H. Olsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease BiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
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Boonen HCM, Moesgaard SG, Birck MM, Christoffersen BØ, Cirera S, Heegaard PMH, Højbøge TR, Jensen LJ, Mortensen A, Olsen LH, Sheykhzade M, Tang J, Lykkesfeldt J. Functional network analysis of obese and lean Göttingen minipigs elucidates changes in oxidative and inflammatory networks in obese pigs. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:2167-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mortensen A, Lykkesfeldt J. Does vitamin C enhance nitric oxide bioavailability in a tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent manner? In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Nitric Oxide 2014; 36:51-7. [PMID: 24333161 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate (Asc) has been shown to increase nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and thereby improve endothelial function in patients showing signs of endothelial dysfunction. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH₄) is a co-factor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) which may easily become oxidized to the inactive form dihydrobiopterin (BH₂). Asc may increase NO bioavailability by a number of mechanisms involving BH₄ and eNOS. Asc increases BH₄ bioavailability by either reducing oxidized BH₄ or preventing BH₄ from becoming oxidized in the first place. Asc could also increase NO bioavailability in a BH₄-independent manner by increasing eNOS activity by changing its phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation status or by upregulating eNOS expression. In this review, we discuss the putative mechanisms by which Asc may increase NO bioavailability through its interactions with BH₄ and eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Mortensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J. Does vitamin C deficiency increase lifestyle-associated vascular disease progression? Evidence based on experimental and clinical studies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2084-104. [PMID: 23642093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Despite continuous advances in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), critical issues associated with an unhealthy lifestyle remain an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. RECENT ADVANCES A growing body of literature supports a specific role for vitamin C in a number of reactions that are associated with vascular function and control including, for example, nitric oxide bioavailability, lipid metabolism, and vascular integrity. CRITICAL ISSUES A large body of epidemiological evidence supports a relationship between poor vitamin C status and increased risk of developing CVD, and the prevalence of deficiency continues to be around 10%-20% of the general Western population although this problem could easily and cheaply be solved by supplementation. However, large intervention studies using vitamin C have not found a beneficial effect of supplementation. This review outlines the proposed mechanism by which vitamin C deficiency worsens CVD progression. In addition, it discusses problems with the currently available literature, including the discrepancies between the large intervention studies and the experimental and epidemiological literature. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Increased insights into vitamin C deficiency-mediated CVD progression will enable the design of future randomized controlled trials that are better suited to test the efficacy of vitamin C in disease prevention as well as the identification of high-risk individuals which could possibly benefit from supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Mortensen A, Hasselholt S, Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J. Guinea pig ascorbate status predicts tetrahydrobiopterin plasma concentration and oxidation ratio in vivo. Nutr Res 2013; 33:859-67. [PMID: 24074744 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH₄) is an essential co-factor of nitric oxide synthases and is easily oxidized to dihydrobiopterin (BH₂) which promotes endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and deleterious superoxide production. Vitamin C has been shown to improve endothelial function by different mechanisms, some involving BH₄. The hypothesis of the present study was that vitamin C status, in particular low levels, influences biopterin redox status in vivo. Like humans, the guinea pig lacks the ability to synthesize vitamin C and was therefore used as model. Seven day old animals (n = 10/group) were given a diet containing 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, or 1500 ppm vitamin C until euthanasia at age 60-64 days. Blood samples were drawn from the heart and analyzed for ascorbate, dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), BH₄ and BH₂ by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma BH₄ levels were found to be significantly lower in animals fed 100 ppm vitamin C compared to all other groups (P < .05 or less). BH₂ levels were not significantly different between groups but the BH₂-to-BH₄ ratio was higher in the group fed 100 ppm vitamin C (P < .001 all cases). Significant positive correlations between BH4 and ascorbate and between BH₂-to-BH₄ ratio and DHA were observed (P < .0001 both cases). Likewise, BH₂-to-BH₄ ratio was negatively correlated with ascorbate (P < .0001) as was BH₄ and DHA (P < .005). In conclusion, the redox status of plasma biopterins, essentially involved in vasodilation, depends on the vitamin C status in vivo. Thus, ingestion of insufficient quantities of vitamin C not only leads to vitamin C deficiency but also to increased BH₄ oxidation which may promote endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Mortensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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