1
|
Phialophora chinensis fungal keratitis: An initial case report and species identification. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2023; 29:101800. [PMID: 36714019 PMCID: PMC9876777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the initial case of microbial keratitis caused by Phialophora chinensis, a rare cause of fungal keratitis. Observations A 66-year-old gentleman with a complex right eye (OD) ocular history including herpes simplex virus infectious epithelial keratitis with subsequent neurotrophic keratopathy, and prior combined Candida albicans and parapsilosis fungal keratitis presented with pain OD in the absence of an antecedent trauma. The patient was found to have a filamentous fungal keratitis, which was subsequently cultured and identified as Phialophora chinensis by the laboratory. Despite topical and oral antifungal treatment based on sensitivities determined by the lab, the patient ultimately required intrastromal and subconjunctival antifungal injections, corneal crosslinking, and superficial keratectomy with amniotic membrane to clinically improve. The fungal keratitis recurred twice, with each occurrence rapidly progressing to corneal perforation. Months after the second penetrating keratoplasty, the patient's mental status declined due to multiorgan failure. An occult pulmonary malignancy was discovered during this hospital stay, and the patient was lost to follow-up after entering hospice. Conclusions and Importance We report a unique case of fungal keratitis caused by Phialophora chinensis and the subsequent management, including both medical and surgical interventions. Despite a multimodal treatment regimen, this case demonstrates the recalcitrant and potentially recurrent nature of fungal keratitis caused by P. chinensis.
Collapse
Key Words
- CXL, corneal cross-linking
- Corneal collagen crosslinking
- Corneal ulcer
- FTL, Fungus Testing Laboratory
- Fungal keratitis
- GHJ, graft-host-junction
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- MIC, Minimum inhibitory concentrations
- OA, oatmeal agar
- OD, Right eye
- OS, Left eye
- PFA, potato flakes agar
- PK, Penetrating keratoplasty
- Perforation
- Phialophora chinensis
- RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphisms
Collapse
|
2
|
He Y, Zheng HL, Mei H, Lv GX, Liu WD, Li XF. Phaeohyphomycosis in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:895329. [PMID: 35770068 PMCID: PMC9235401 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.895329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDue to more attentions paid to melanized fungi over the past few decades and under the background of the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) the fact that the virus itself and the immunosuppressive agents such as glucocorticoids can further increase the risk of infections of deep mycoses, the number of patients with phaeohyphomycosis (PHM) has a substantial increase. Their spectrum is broad and the early diagnosis and treatments are extremely sticky. This study aims to more comprehensively understand the clinical features of phaeohyphomycosis in China over 35 years and to establish a more applicable systematical classification and severity grades of lesions to guide treatments and prognosis.MethodsWe reviewed 174 cases of proven phaeohyphomycosis reported in Chinese and English language literature from 1987 to 2021 and we also made the accurate classification definitions and detailed information about the epidemiology, species of clinical dematiaceous fungi, minimum inhibitory concentration values, clinical features, treatments, and prognosis.ResultsThe mortality of cerebral, disseminated and pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis are 55%, 36%, and 25%. Nearly 19% of patients had poor quality of life caused by the complications such as disability, disfigurements, and blindness. The overall misdiagnosis rate of phaeohyphomycosis was 74%. Moderate to severe rashes are accounting for 82% of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. The areas of the head and face are mostly affected accounting for 16% of severe rashes. Nearly 30% of invasive infections of phaeohyphomycosis are triggered by recurrent lesions. Voriconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB-DOC), and terbinafine were most commonly used but diagnosis and treatments of phaeohyphomycosis remain challenging in reality.ConclusionsOur classifications are likely to be more practical and easier to popularize, and there are still also plenty of characteristics in these non-specific lesions. There’re no significant variations in cure rates, or death rates between three grades of lesions. But patients with severe rashes have longer courses and lower effective rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun He
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
- Skin Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute of Yixing, Yixing, China
| | - Hai-lin Zheng
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Mei
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-xia Lv
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-da Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-da Liu, ; Xiao-fang Li,
| | - Xiao-fang Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-da Liu, ; Xiao-fang Li,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rai M, Ingle AP, Ingle P, Gupta I, Mobin M, Bonifaz A, Alves M. Recent advances on mycotic keratitis caused by dematiaceous hyphomycetes. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1652-1667. [PMID: 33462841 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dematiaceous hyphomycetes (DH) are darkly pigmented fungi ubiquitously found all over the world as plant pathogens and saprophytes, and many of the members of this group have emerged as opportunistic pathogens. These fungi are responsible for a wide variety of infections including mycotic keratitis, which is considered as one of the major causes of corneal blindness, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries with an annual global burden of about 1 000 000 patients. The infection is more common in workers working in an outdoor environment. Moreover, trauma is found to be the most important predisposing cause of mycotic keratitis. Considerable delay in diagnosis and scarcity of effective pharmacological drugs are the major factors responsible for increased morbidity and visual impairment. Considering the crucial role of DH in mycotic keratitis, in the present review, we have focused on major DH with special emphasis on their pathogenicity, diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - A P Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - P Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - I Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Mobin
- Research Laboratory, University Center UNINOVAFAPI, Teresina, Brazil
| | - A Bonifaz
- Department of Mycology & Dermatology Service, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Taechajongjintana M, Kasetsuwan N, Reinprayoon U, Sawanwattanakul S, Pisuchpen P. Effectiveness of voriconazole and corneal cross-linking on Phialophora verrucosa keratitis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:225. [PMID: 30121073 PMCID: PMC6098831 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We report a rare case of Phialophora verrucosa fungal keratitis, which required various types of treatment according to the intractable natural history of the disease. Case presentation A 51-year-old Thai man with poorly controlled diabetes received a bamboo branch injury and developed a perforated corneal lesion on his left eye. A pathological study from therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty showed fungal hyphae. This was later identified as Phialophora verrucosa by polymerase chain reaction. This organism was aggressive and recalcitrant because it relapsed with two corneal grafts and was resistant to amphotericin B, natamycin, and itraconazole. However, we found that the efficacy of voriconazole was promising for treating Phialophora verrucosa. We also used corneal cross-linking to establish corneal integrity after the infection was under control. Conclusions Because of the chronic nature of Phialophora verrucosa, a patient’s first visit may occur many years after trauma, and sometimes clinical presentation might not appear to indicate fungal infection. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is needed in this situation. Voriconazole showed good results in our case. Instead of using a more invasive keratoplasty, we used corneal cross-linking to strengthen the corneal biomechanics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case showing the benefit of corneal cross-linking to improve corneal biomechanics in resolved Phialophora verrucosa keratitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Taechajongjintana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ngamjit Kasetsuwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Usanee Reinprayoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirinuch Sawanwattanakul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Phattrawan Pisuchpen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Granato MQ, Gonçalves DDS, Seabra SH, McCann M, Devereux M, Dos Santos ALS, Kneipp LF. 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-Dione-Based Compounds Are Effective in Disturbing Crucial Physiological Events of Phialophora verrucosa. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:76. [PMID: 28194139 PMCID: PMC5276843 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phialophora verrucosa is a dematiaceous fungus able to cause chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and mycetoma. All these fungal diseases are extremely difficult to treat and often refractory to the current therapeutic approaches. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to develop new antifungal agents to combat these mycoses. In this context, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) and its metal-based derivatives [Ag(phendione)2]ClO4 = ([Ag(phendione)2]+) and [Cu(phendione)3](ClO4)2.4H2O = ([Cu(phendione)3]2+) on crucial physiological events of P. verrucosa conidial cells. Using the CLSI protocol, we have shown that phendione, [Ag(phendione)2]+ and [Cu(phendione)3]2+ were able to inhibit fungal proliferation, presenting MIC/IC50 values of 12.0/7.0, 4.0/2.4, and 5.0/1.8 μM, respectively. [Cu(phendione)3]2+ had fungicidal action and when combined with amphotericin B, both at sub-MIC (½ × MIC) concentrations, significantly reduced (~40%) the fungal growth. Cell morphology changes inflicted by phendione and its metal-based derivatives was corroborated by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed irreversible ultrastructural changes like surface invaginations, cell disruption and shrinkages. Furthermore, [Cu(phendione)3]2+ and [Ag(phendione)2]+ were able to inhibit metallopeptidase activity secreted by P. verrucosa conidia by approximately 85 and 40%, respectively. Ergosterol content was reduced (~50%) after the treatment of P. verrucosa conidial cells with both phendione and [Ag(phendione)2]+. To different degrees, all of the test compounds were able to disturb the P. verrucosa conidia-into-mycelia transformation. Phendione and its Ag+ and Cu2+ complexes may represent a promising new group of antimicrobial agents effective at inhibiting P. verrucosa growth and morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Queiroz Granato
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego de Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio Henrique Seabra
- Laboratório de Tecnologia em Cultura de Células, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO) Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Malachy McCann
- Chemistry Department, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Michael Devereux
- Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin, Ireland
| | - André Luis Souza Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucimar Ferreira Kneipp
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu M, Xin X, Li J, Chen S. The first case of endophthalmitis due to Rhinocladiella basitona in an immunocompetent patient. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83:49-52. [PMID: 26092510 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhinocladiella, a genus of black yeast-like fungi, is related to many infections in humans, including not only mild cutaneous lesions but also fatal brain infections. However, endophthalmitis caused by Rhinocladiella has never been reported by far. Herein, we present the first case of endophthalmitis due to Rhinocladiella basitona. The diagnosis was based on histopathology, mycology, and molecular identification. A 53-year-old female was struck by a piece of wood in her right eye. The wound in the central cornea became an ulcer and was aggravated continuously. Hyphae were found in the corneal scraping smear. Then endophthalmitis occurred and could not be controlled by the combined intravitreal antibiotic injections and vitrectomy. Finally, penetrating keratoplasty combined with retinal reattachment surgery was performed. Topical and systemic antifungal agents were administered for more than 1 month. The patient was cured, with improved visual acuity and clear corneal graft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | | | - Jing Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengjie Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Systematic review of severe acute liver injury caused by terbinafine. Int J Clin Pharm 2014; 58:5609-12. [PMID: 24986266 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02875-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terbinafine is an effective antimicrobial agent against dermatophytes, cryptococcus and other fungi. It is the preferred drug to treat onychomycosis. However, severe acute hepatitis from oral terbinafine administration has been recently reported. AIM To describe a representative case, and review the literature regarding the best evidence on treatment and prognosis of severe acute hepatitis caused by oral terbinafine. METHODS The literature was searched for publications on severe hepatitis caused by terbinafine using MEDLINE, China Biology Medicine Disc, and the VIP Medical Information Resource System. Related references were searched manually. RESULTS Seventeen English and three Chinese references of case reports were included after eliminating duplicate publications. No randomized control studies were found. Liver enzyme levels were found to have been increased significantly. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS Severe acute liver injury is a known, but unusual complication of terbinafine exposure. The prognosis is often good with appropriate treatment. Liver function assessment before treatment and periodic monitoring 4-6 weeks after initiation of treatment is recommended.
Collapse
|
8
|
Campos-Herrero MI, Tandón L, Horcajada I, Medina-Rivero F. Endophthalmitis caused by Phialophora verrucosa: a case report and literature review of Phialophora ocular infections. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30:163-5. [PMID: 22296814 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|