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Peng L, Qin B, Shen Z, Wang S. Characterization of fungal communities on shared bicycles in Southwest China. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:283. [PMID: 34663233 PMCID: PMC8523008 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of shared bicycles has increased the demand and sanitary requirements for shared bicycles. Previous studies have identified potentially pathogenic bacteria on the surfaces of shared bicycles, but fungal communities have not been investigated. METHODS We sampled shared-bicycle handles and saddles from five selected locations in a metropolis (Chengdu, China, n = 98) and used surrounding air deposition samples as controls (n = 12). Full-length ITS sequencing and multiple bioinformatic analyses were utilized to reveal fungal community structures and differences. RESULTS Aspergillus was dominant on both the handles and saddles of shared bicycles, and Alternaria and Cladosporium were the most abundant families in the air samples. Significant differences in fungal community structures were found among the three groups. The handle samples contained higher abundances of Aureobasidium melanogenum and Filobasidium magnum than the saddle and air samples. The saddle samples had a higher abundance of Cladosporium tenuissimum than the other two sample types (P < 0·05). A higher abundance of fungal animal pathogens on shared-bicycle surfaces than in air by FUNGuild (P < 0·05). Moreover, the co-occurrence network of fungi on handles was more stable than that on saddles. CONCLUSION There were more potential pathogens, including Aspergillus pseudoglaucus, Aureobasidium melanogenum, Kazachstania pintolopesii, Filobasidium magnum, Candida tropicalis, and Malassezia globose were found on shared bicycles than in air, suggesting that hands should not contact mucous membrane after cycling, especially in susceptible individuals, and hygiene management of shared bicycles should be given more attention by relevant organizations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, Western 2nd Section, 1st Ring Rd, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Bi Qin
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,Department of Dermatology, Acupuncture & Moxibustion Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhu Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, Western 2nd Section, 1st Ring Rd, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, Western 2nd Section, 1st Ring Rd, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Morales-López SE, Garcia-Effron G. Infections due to Rare Cryptococcus Species. A Literature Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040279. [PMID: 33917243 PMCID: PMC8067992 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections due to rare Cryptococcus species (other than C. neoformans species complex, C. gattii species complex, C. albidus or C. laurentii) are barely reported. The aim of this work is to present a comprehensive literature review of all the papers describing infections due to these species referenced in the main databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar). Clinical and epidemiological data together with laboratory findings (identification and antifungal susceptibility) of each isolate were analyzed. Fifty-eight cryptococosis due to rare species were described in 46 papers between 1934-2018. These reports included 16 rare Cryptococcus spp. that were generally associated with nervous system infections and fungemias. Some species are non-capsulated and are not able to grow at 37 °C. Few species were identified by commercially available methods, making internal transcriber spacer (ITS) and D1/D2 regions sequencing mandatory. The most potent antifungal was amphotericin B (although some species showed high MIC values). The studied strains showed high MICs values to 5-fluorocytosine (all >64 µg/mL), echinocandins (all >8 µg/mL), and fluconazole (>80% of the MICs >4 µg/mL). Due to the scarcity of the data and the absence of guidelines for the treatment of these infections, this review could be informative and could help in the diagnosis and treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya E. Morales-López
- Grupo CINBIOS, Programa de Microbiología, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar 200002, Colombia;
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Effron
- Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
- Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-0342-4575209
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3
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Baptista M, Sevivas N, Ferreira NV, Fardilha L, Varanda P, Mateus C. Cryptococcus magnus Periprosthetic Shoulder Infection: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2020; 10:e20.00507. [PMID: 33512932 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.20.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CASE We present a 68-year-old diabetic man with a periprosthetic shoulder infection (PSI) by Cryptococcus magnus. The fungus was identified 4 weeks after a revision surgery for a chronic bacterial PSI. Treatment was successful with a 2-week course of intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (5 mg/kg) followed by 6 weeks of fluconazole (200 mg/d). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, only 2 periprosthetic infections due to Cryptococcus neoformans have been previously reported. This is the first report of cryptococcal involvement of a prosthetic shoulder, and the first identified osteoarticular infection ever by C. magnus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Baptista
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sevivas
- Trofa Saúde Group, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vieira Ferreira
- Trofa Saúde Group, Porto, Portugal.,Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital Santa Maria Maior, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Luísa Fardilha
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Varanda
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.,School of Medicine and ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos Mateus
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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4
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Shariati A, Moradabadi A, Chegini Z, Khoshbayan A, Didehdar M. An Overview of the Management of the Most Important Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Blood Malignancies. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:2329-2354. [PMID: 32765009 PMCID: PMC7369308 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s254478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with hematologic malignancies due to immune system disorders, especially persistent febrile neutropenia, invasive fungal infections (IFI) occur with high mortality. Aspergillosis, candidiasis, fusariosis, mucormycosis, cryptococcosis and trichosporonosis are the most important infections reported in patients with hematologic malignancies that undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These infections are caused by opportunistic fungal pathogens that do not cause severe issues in healthy individuals, but in patients with hematologic malignancies lead to disseminated infection with different clinical manifestations. Prophylaxis and creating a safe environment with proper filters and air pressure for patients to avoid contact with the pathogens in the surrounding environment can prevent IFI. Furthermore, due to the absence of specific symptoms in IFI, rapid and accurate diagnosis reduces the mortality rate of these infections and using molecular techniques along with standard mycological methods will improve the diagnosis of disseminated fungal infection in patients with hematologic disorders. Amphotericin B products, extended-spectrum azoles, and echinocandins are the essential drugs to control invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies, and according to various conditions of patients, different results of treatment with these drugs have been reported in different studies. On the other hand, drug resistance in recent years has led to therapeutic failures and deaths in patients with blood malignancies, which indicates the need for antifungal susceptibility tests to use appropriate therapies. Life-threatening fungal infections have become more prevalent in patients with hematologic malignancies in recent years due to the emergence of new risk factors, new species, and increased drug resistance. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the different dimensions of the most critical invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies and present a list of these infections with different clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradabadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Khoshbayan
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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5
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Aboutalebian S, Mahmoudi S, Okhovat A, Khodavaisy S, Mirhendi H. Otomycosis Due to the Rare Fungi Talaromyces purpurogenus, Naganishia albida and Filobasidium magnum. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:569-575. [PMID: 32232764 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Otomycosis is a common finding in otorhinolaryngology clinics and is usually caused by species of Candida and Aspergillus, particularly black aspergilli. Meanwhile, other fungi can give rise to this infection, and the identification of these requires accurate methods. Here, we report three cases of otomycosis due to rare fungal pathogens. All the patients were young females, and manipulation of the ear canal was identified as a common potentially predisposing factor. In direct examination, filamentous fungal elements (in one case) and yeast cells (in two other cases) were seen. Culture was positive in all cases. Based on PCR-sequencing of internal transcribed spacers and β-tubulin (for mold isolate), the isolated fungi were identified as Talaromyces purpurogenus, Naganishia albida and Filobasidium magnum. By susceptibility testing of the isolates to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B, the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration values were observed for amphotericin B followed by voriconazole. Patients were successfully treated by a combination of antifungals and corticosteroids with no relapse over the next year, except for the case due to F. magnum, in which, despite partial recovery, a course of relapse was reported in the 1-year follow-up call.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Aboutalebian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahram Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Okhovat
- Department of Otolaryngology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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6
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Nourizadeh N, Adabizadeh A, Zarrinfar H, Majidi M, Jafarian AH, Najafzadeh MJ. Fungal biofilms in sinonasal polyposis: The role of fungal agents is notable? JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY, MEDICINE, AND PATHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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7
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Ghajari A, Lotfali E, Norouzi M, Arab-Mazar Z. First report of Vulvovaginitis due to Cryptococcus magnus in Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2018; 4:30-33. [PMID: 30186991 PMCID: PMC6101150 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.4.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cryptococcus. magnus is a non-Cryptococcus neoformans species isolated from certain plants, soil, air, and arctic glaciers. CASE REPORT This report describes a case of a 23-year-old Iranian female with pruritus and vaginal irritation. Conventional tests and molecular analysis of the samples of vaginal discharge were performed. The mentioned analyses revealed Cryptococcus magnus as the causative agent of vaginal infection. The minimum inhibitory concentration analysis revealed that this species is susceptible to itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, and amphotericin B. The patient received 200 mg of oral ketoconazole once daily for 10 days. The patient did not show any clinical signs of vaginal infection after six months. CONCLUSION C. magnus was found to have the ability to cause vulvovaginitis. This is the first report of successful detection and treatment of vulvovaginal infection with C. magnus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghajari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Norouzi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Arab-Mazar
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Adams RI, Lymperopoulou DS, Misztal PK, De Cassia Pessotti R, Behie SW, Tian Y, Goldstein AH, Lindow SE, Nazaroff WW, Taylor JW, Traxler MF, Bruns TD. Microbes and associated soluble and volatile chemicals on periodically wet household surfaces. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:128. [PMID: 28950891 PMCID: PMC5615633 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganisms influence the chemical milieu of their environment, and chemical metabolites can affect ecological processes. In built environments, where people spend the majority of their time, very little is known about how surface-borne microorganisms influence the chemistry of the indoor spaces. Here, we applied multidisciplinary approaches to investigate aspects of chemical microbiology in a house. METHODS We characterized the microbial and chemical composition of two common and frequently wet surfaces in a residential setting: kitchen sink and bathroom shower. Microbial communities were studied using culture-dependent and independent techniques, including targeting RNA for amplicon sequencing. Volatile and soluble chemicals from paired samples were analyzed using state-of-the-art techniques to explore the links between the observed microbiota and chemical exudates. RESULTS Microbial analysis revealed a rich biological presence on the surfaces exposed in kitchen sinks and bathroom shower stalls. Microbial composition, matched for DNA and RNA targets, varied by surface type and sampling period. Bacteria were found to have an average of 25× more gene copies than fungi. Biomass estimates based on qPCR were well correlated with measured total volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Abundant VOCs included products associated with fatty acid production. Molecular networking revealed a diversity of surface-borne compounds that likely originate from microbes and from household products. CONCLUSIONS Microbes played a role in structuring the chemical profiles on and emitted from kitchen sinks and shower stalls. Microbial VOCs (mVOCs) were predominately associated with the processing of fatty acids. The mVOC composition may be more stable than that of microbial communities, which can show temporal and spatial variation in their responses to changing environmental conditions. The mVOC output from microbial metabolism on kitchen sinks and bathroom showers should be apparent through careful measurement, even against a broader background of VOCs in homes, some of which may originate from microbes in other locations within the home. A deeper understanding of the chemical interactions between microbes on household surfaces will require experimentation under relevant environmental conditions, with a finer temporal resolution, to build on the observational study results presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel I. Adams
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - Pawel K. Misztal
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - Scott W. Behie
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Yilin Tian
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Steven E. Lindow
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - William W. Nazaroff
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - John W. Taylor
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Matt F. Traxler
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Thomas D. Bruns
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
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9
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Charnock C, Otterholt E, Nordlie AL. Treatment stage associated changes in cellular and molecular microbial markers during the production of drinking water at the Vansjø water works. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 81:240-249. [PMID: 26074187 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of a drinking water that meets current aesthetic, microbiological and chemical standards, generally requires a combination of mechanical purification and disinfection in a multi-component treatment chain. Treatment choices and optimisation of water processing is best informed by using markers (including microbiological parameters) which indicate how each stage contributes to the production of the potable water. The present study combines culture-based and a number of culture-independent analyses to indicate what is happening at each stage of a state-of-the-art water treatment chain at Vansjø near the city of Moss in Norway. We show that particularly clarification with flotation and post-chlorination have profound and positive effects on water quality with respect to the removal and inactivation of microbes. Post-chlorination achieved better disinfection of the water than UV-treatment and was of paramount importance, as the penultimate step filtration through granular activated shed microbes to the water. Cloning and sequencing showed that some clones present in the raw water were detected at all stages in the treatment process, perhaps providing examples of microbes breaching physically all barriers in the treatment process. Results from the study should be useful in the improvement and maintenance of the treatment process at the Vansjø plant and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Charnock
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, St. Olavs Plass, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eli Otterholt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, St. Olavs Plass, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Nordlie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, St. Olavs Plass, Oslo, Norway
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Turchetti B, Goretti M, Branda E, Diolaiuti G, D'Agata C, Smiraglia C, Onofri A, Buzzini P. Influence of abiotic variables on culturable yeast diversity in two distinct Alpine glaciers. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 86:327-40. [PMID: 23772605 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of some abiotic variables (pH, dry weight, organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous) on culturable yeast diversity in two distinct, but adjacent Alpine glaciers (Glacier du Géant, France, and Miage Glacier, Italy) was investigated. In all, 682 yeast strains were isolated and identified by D1/D2 and ITS sequencing as belonging to species of the genera Aureobasidium, Candida, Bulleromyces, Cryptococcus, Cystofilobasidium, Dioszegia, Guehomyces, Holtermanniella, Leucosporidiella, Mrakia, Mrakiella, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus, Sporobolomyces and Udenyomyces. Overall, the most represented genera were Cryptococcus (55% of isolates), Rhodotorula (17%) and Mrakia (10%). About 10% of strains, presumably belonging to new species (yet to be described), were preliminarily identified at the genus level. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous are apparently mostly related to culturable yeast abundance and diversity. In this context, the hypothesis that the frequency of isolation of certain species may be correlated with some organic nutrients (with special emphasis for phosphorous) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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