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Taniuchi Y, van Till JWO, Wojtkowski T, Toyoshima J, Koibuchi A, Sargent B, Han D. Single- and Multiple-dose Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of ASP1128, a Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor δ Modulator, in Healthy Participants. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12:810-818. [PMID: 36942507 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) plays a central role in modulating mitochondrial function in ischemia-reperfusion injury. ASP1128, a potent and selective modulator of PPARδ, is currently under investigation for treating acute kidney injury. This randomized, first-in-human study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ASP1128 administered intravenously in healthy participants. Forty-nine participants received a single dose of ASP1128 0.3-10 mg (n = 37) or placebo (n = 12) and 53 received daily (7 days) doses of ASP1128 3-100 mg (n = 39) or placebo (n = 14), including a cohort aged ≥65 years (ASP1128 100 mg, n = 3; placebo, n = 2). Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 37.8%, 59.0%, and 33.3%-35.7% of participants in the single ASP1128, multiple ASP1128, and placebo groups, respectively. All were mild in severity, and the frequency of adverse events did not appear to be dose-related. One participant (multiple ASP1128 3 mg group) withdrew with an infusion site erythema, possibly related to study drug. Exposure was roughly dose-proportional, and elimination was generally consistent across doses (mean t½ 14.6-17.4 hours in the 10, 30, and 100 mg groups on day 7). There was little accumulation in plasma following multiple dosing; steady state was reached after ∼4 days. ASP1128 treatment led to rapid and dose-related upregulation of six fatty acid oxidation-related PPARδ target genes at ≥10 mg, which lasted >24 hours postdose. In conclusion, single and multiple intravenous doses of ASP1128 were generally well tolerated, with dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and target gene engagement in healthy participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Briana Sargent
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, Illinois, USA
| | - David Han
- Parexel Early Phase/California Clinical Trials Medical Group, Glendale, California, USA
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Martin WP, Nair M, Chuah YH, Malmodin D, Pedersen A, Abrahamsson S, Hutter M, Abdelaal M, Elliott JA, Fearon N, Eckhardt H, Godson C, Brennan EP, Fändriks L, le Roux CW, Docherty NG. Dietary restriction and medical therapy drives PPARα-regulated improvements in early diabetic kidney disease in male rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1485-1511. [PMID: 36259366 PMCID: PMC7613831 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The attenuation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by metabolic surgery is enhanced by pharmacotherapy promoting renal fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Using the Zucker Diabetic Fatty and Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley rat models of DKD, we conducted studies to determine if these effects could be replicated with a non-invasive bariatric mimetic intervention. Metabolic control and renal injury were compared in rats undergoing a dietary restriction plus medical therapy protocol (DMT; fenofibrate, liraglutide, metformin, ramipril, and rosuvastatin) and ad libitum-fed controls. The global renal cortical transcriptome and urinary 1H-NMR metabolomic profiles were also compared. Kidney cell type-specific and medication-specific transcriptomic responses were explored through in silico deconvolution. Transcriptomic and metabolomic correlates of improvements in kidney structure were defined using a molecular morphometric approach. The DMT protocol led to ∼20% weight loss, normalized metabolic parameters and was associated with reductions in indices of glomerular and proximal tubular injury. The transcriptomic response to DMT was dominated by changes in fenofibrate- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα)-governed peroxisomal and mitochondrial FAO transcripts localizing to the proximal tubule. DMT induced urinary excretion of PPARα-regulated metabolites involved in nicotinamide metabolism and reversed DKD-associated changes in the urinary excretion of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. FAO transcripts and urinary nicotinamide and TCA cycle metabolites were moderately to strongly correlated with improvements in glomerular and proximal tubular injury. Weight loss plus pharmacological PPARα agonism is a promising means of attenuating DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Martin
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Meera Nair
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yeong H.D. Chuah
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Malmodin
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Pedersen
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanna Abrahamsson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michaela Hutter
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mahmoud Abdelaal
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessie A. Elliott
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Naomi Fearon
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hans Eckhardt
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin P. Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Diabetes Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Neil G. Docherty
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Tsai JL, Chen CH, Wu MJ, Tsai SF. New Approaches to Diabetic Nephropathy from Bed to Bench. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040876. [PMID: 35453626 PMCID: PMC9031931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). DN-related ESKD has the worst prognosis for survival compared with other causes. Due to the complex mechanisms of DN and the heterogeneous presentations, unmet needs exist for the renal outcome of diabetes mellitus. Clinical evidence for treating DN is rather solid. For example, the first Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline was published in October 2020: KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. In December of 2020, the International Society of Nephrology published 60 (+1) breakthrough discoveries in nephrology. Among these breakthroughs, four important ones after 1980 were recognized, including glomerular hyperfiltration theory, renal protection by renin-angiotensin system inhibition, hypoxia-inducible factor, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Here, we present a review on the pivotal and new mechanisms of DN from the implications of clinical studies and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Tsai
- Division of Family Medicine, Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
- Division of Family Medicine, Cheng Ching Rehabilitation Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (M.-J.W.)
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (M.-J.W.)
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Feng Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (M.-J.W.)
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Martin WP, Chuah YHD, Abdelaal M, Pedersen A, Malmodin D, Abrahamsson S, Hutter M, Godson C, Brennan EP, Fändriks L, le Roux CW, Docherty NG. Medications Activating Tubular Fatty Acid Oxidation Enhance the Protective Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in a Rat Model of Early Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:757228. [PMID: 35222262 PMCID: PMC8867227 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.757228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) improves biochemical and histological parameters of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Targeted adjunct medical therapy may enhance renoprotection following RYGB. Methods The effects of RYGB and RYGB plus fenofibrate, metformin, ramipril, and rosuvastatin (RYGB-FMRR) on metabolic control and histological and ultrastructural indices of glomerular and proximal tubular injury were compared in the Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) rat model of DKD. Renal cortical transcriptomic (RNA-sequencing) and urinary metabolomic (1H-NMR spectroscopy) responses were profiled and integrated. Transcripts were assigned to kidney cell types through in silico deconvolution in kidney single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and microdissected tubular epithelial cell proteomics datasets. Medication-specific transcriptomic responses following RYGB-FMRR were explored using a network pharmacology approach. Omic correlates of improvements in structural and ultrastructural indices of renal injury were defined using a molecular morphometric approach. Results RYGB-FMRR was superior to RYGB alone with respect to metabolic control, albuminuria, and histological and ultrastructural indices of glomerular injury. RYGB-FMRR reversed DKD-associated changes in mitochondrial morphology in the proximal tubule to a greater extent than RYGB. Attenuation of transcriptomic pathway level activation of pro-fibrotic responses was greater after RYGB-FMRR than RYGB. Fenofibrate was found to be the principal medication effector of gene expression changes following RYGB-FMRR, which led to the transcriptional induction of PPARα-regulated genes that are predominantly expressed in the proximal tubule and which regulate peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO). After omics integration, expression of these FAO transcripts positively correlated with urinary levels of PPARα-regulated nicotinamide metabolites and negatively correlated with urinary tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. Changes in FAO transcripts and nicotinamide and TCA cycle metabolites following RYGB-FMRR correlated strongly with improvements in glomerular and proximal tubular injury. Conclusions Integrative multi-omic analyses point to PPARα-stimulated FAO in the proximal tubule as a dominant effector of treatment response to combined surgical and medical therapy in experimental DKD. Synergism between RYGB and pharmacological stimulation of FAO represents a promising combinatorial approach to the treatment of DKD in the setting of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Martin
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yeong H. D. Chuah
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mahmoud Abdelaal
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anders Pedersen
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Malmodin
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanna Abrahamsson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michaela Hutter
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin P. Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Diabetes Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Neil G. Docherty
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ahmad AA, Draves SO, Rosca M. Mitochondria in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112945. [PMID: 34831168 PMCID: PMC8616075 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the USA. The pathogenesis of DKD is multifactorial and involves activation of multiple signaling pathways with merging outcomes including thickening of the basement membrane, podocyte loss, mesangial expansion, tubular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The glomerulo-tubular balance and tubule-glomerular feedback support an increased glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, with the latter relying heavily on ATP and increasing the energy demand. There is evidence that alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics in kidney cells lead to these pathologic changes and contribute to the progression of DKD towards ESRD. This review will focus on the dialogue between alterations in bioenergetics in glomerular and tubular cells and its role in the development of DKD. Alterations in energy substrate selection, electron transport chain, ATP generation, oxidative stress, redox status, protein posttranslational modifications, mitochondrial dynamics, and quality control will be discussed. Understanding the role of bioenergetics in the progression of diabetic DKD may provide novel therapeutic approaches to delay its progression to ESRD.
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Chenxu G, Shaoyu Z, Lili L, Dai X, Kuang Q, Qiang L, Linfeng H, Deshuai L, Jun T, Minxuan X. Betacyanins attenuates diabetic nephropathy in mice by inhibiting fibrosis and oxidative stress via the improvement of Nrf2 signaling. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Liu K, Zhao X, Qi X, Hou DL, Li HB, Gu YH, Xu QL. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonist for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113388. [PMID: 33784603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major feature of the final stage of nearly all cause types of diabetes mellitus (DM). To date, few safe and effective drugs are available to treat. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), comprised of three members: PPAR-α, PPAR-δ and PPAR-γ, play a protective role in the DKD through glycemic control and lipid metabolism, whereas systemic activation of PPAR-γ causes serious side-effects in clinical trials. GFT505 is a dual PPAR-α/δ agonist, and the selectivity against PPAR-γ is still to be improved. Sulfuretin has been shown to suppress the expression of PPAR-γ and improve the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In this study, by hybridizing the carboxylic acid of GFT505 and the parent nucleus of sulfuretin, we pioneeringly designed and synthetized a series of novel dual PPAR-α/δ agonists, expecting to provide a better benefit/risk ratio for PPARs. Of all the synthesized compounds, compound 12 was identified with highly activity on PPAR-α/δ and higher selectivity against PPAR-γ than that of GFT505 (EC50: hPPAR-α: 0.26 μM vs.0.76 μM; hPPAR-δ: 0.50 μM vs.0.73 μM; hPPAR-γ: 4.22 μM vs.2.79 μM). The molecular docking studies also depicted good binding affinity of compound 12 for PPAR-α and PPAR-δ compared to GFT505. Furthermore, compound 12 exhibited an evidently renoprotective effect on the DKD through inhibiting inflammatory process, which might at least partly via JNK/NF-κB pathways in vivo and in vitro. Overall, compound 12 hold therapeutic promise for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xue Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dong-Liang Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao-Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yu-Hao Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qing-Long Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Cui L, Bao H, Liu Z, Man X, Liu H, Hou Y, Luo Q, Wang S, Fu Q, Zhang H. hUMSCs regulate the differentiation of ovarian stromal cells via TGF-β 1/Smad3 signaling pathway to inhibit ovarian fibrosis to repair ovarian function in POI rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:386. [PMID: 32894203 PMCID: PMC7487655 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The basic pathological changes of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) include ovarian tissue fibrosis and follicular development disorders. The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUMSC) transplantation has been shown an effective method to improve the ovarian function in POI rat model; however, the exact mechanisms are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the recovery of ovarian function in POI rats is related to the inhibition of tissue fibrosis following hUMSC transplantation. Furthermore, the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway is explored to determine the mechanisms of ovarian function recovery through its inhibition of tissue fibrosis. Methods The primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of chemotherapy drug cisplatin (CDDP) for 7 days. The levels of serum sex hormones were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The tissue fibrosis in the ovary was examined using Masson staining and Sirius red staining. The collagen fibers in the ovarian tissues were detected by Western blot analysis. To investigate the mechanisms of ovarian function recovery following hUMSC transplantation, ovarian stromal cells were isolated from the ovarian cortex of immature rats. The expression of Cytochrome P450 17A1 (Cyp17a1) and fibrosis marker of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in ovarian stromal cells was examined using immunofluorescence analysis. Also, the protein levels of Cyp17a1 and α-SMA in ovarian stromal cells were examined by Western blot analysis. The expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 signals was measured by Western blot and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Results The results show that the function of the ovary in POI rats was significantly improved after hUMSC transplantation. The expression of fibrosis markers (α-SMA) and production of Collagen Type I (Collagen I) and Collagen Type III (Collagen III) in POI rats were significantly inhibited in POI rats following hUMSC transplantation. In the cultured ovarian stromal cells, the decrease of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3 protein expression was observed in hUMSC-treated POI rats. The treatment with TGF-β1 inhibitor of SB431542 further confirmed this signal pathway was involved in the process. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway was involved in the inhibition of ovarian tissue fibrosis, which contributed to the restoration of ovarian function in POI rats following hUMSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlu Cui
- College of Basic Medicine & Institute of Reproductive Diseases, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.,College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Hongchu Bao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongfeng Liu
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Xuejing Man
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyuan Liu
- Clinical Medical School, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Hou
- College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Clinical Medical School, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Hongqin Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine & Institute of Reproductive Diseases, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China. .,College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
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Emami F, Hariri A, Matinfar M, Nematbakhsh M. Fenofibrate-induced renal dysfunction, yes or no? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 25:39. [PMID: 32582345 PMCID: PMC7306240 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_772_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the treatment process of hypertriglyceridemia and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes, fenofibrate (FEN) is a well-known medication. FEN is from fibrate class drugs that using orally; however, as a side effect, it is associated with serum creatinine level increasing. The aim of this review was to determine the real effect of FEN therapy on renal functions based on both experimental and clinical studies. For this review, using the keywords of “fenofibrate” and “renal” and “function,” a variety of sources of information banks, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, were used, and the published articles were considered and interpreted. Followed by searching in databases, 45 articles were collected. After screening these articles, based on the study source, they were devided into two parts: 23 articles on animal experiments and 22 articles clinical experiments. Based on this information, it seems that the protective mechanism of FEN is related to vascular endothelial functions. The increased creatinine by FEN is related to different sensitivities to FEN effects caused by a polymorphism in different patients. In patients with normal renal function, follow-up of serum creatinine would be necessary after FEN, but the discontinuation of FEN is not recommended. In addition, in diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia, FEN treatment would be suggested for protecting the kidney from diabetes-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Emami
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirali Hariri
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Matinfar
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nematbakhsh
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan MN Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences Research, Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Cheng Y, Zhang X, Ma F, Sun W, Wang W, Yu J, Shi Y, Cai L, Xu Z. The Role of Akt2 in the Protective Effect of Fenofibrate against Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:553-567. [PMID: 32025205 PMCID: PMC6990917 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate (FF) protects against diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 1 diabetic (T1D) mice by upregulating the expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), leading to the activation of the Akt-mediated Nrf2 antioxidant pathways. Here, we examined which isoforms of Akt contribute to FF activation of FGF21-mediated renal protection by examining the phosphorylation and expression of three isoforms, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3. T1D induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (STZ) resulted in reduced phosphorylation of one isoform, Akt2, but FF treatment increased renal Akt2 phosphorylation in these and normal mice, suggesting a potential and specific role for renal Akt2 in FF protection against T1D. This was further confirmed using in vitro cultured HK-2 human kidney tubule cells exposed to high glucose (HG) with siRNA silencing of the Akt2 gene and STZ-induced diabetic Akt2-knockout mice with and without 3-month FF treatment. In normal HK-2 cells exposed to HG for 24 hours, FF completely prevented cell death, reduced total Akt expression and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β phosphorylation, increased nuclear accumulation of Fyn, and reduced nuclear Nrf2 levels. These positive effects of FF were partially abolished by silencing Akt2 expression. Similarly, FF abolished T1D-induced renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal dysfunction in wild-type mice, but was only partially effective in Akt2-KO mice. Furthermore, FF treatment stimulated phosphorylation of AMPKα, an important lipid metabolism mediator, which in parallel with Akt2 plays an important role in FF protection against HG-induced HK-2 cells oxidative stress and damage. These results suggest that FF protects against DN through FGF21 to activate both Akt2/GSK-3β/Fyn/Nrf2 antioxidants and the AMPK pathway. Therefore, FF could be repurposed for the prevention of DN in T1D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Fuzhe Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jinyu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zhonggao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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11
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Mao Q, Chen C, Liang H, Zhong S, Cheng X, Li L. Astragaloside IV inhibits excessive mesangial cell proliferation and renal fibrosis caused by diabetic nephropathy via modulation of the TGF-β1/Smad/miR-192 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3053-3061. [PMID: 31572545 PMCID: PMC6755437 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (ASI) exhibits a wide variety of pharmacological effects in cardiovascular diseases, hepatitis and kidney disease and due to this, ASI has recently become an attractive research target. The present study aimed to determine the effect of ASI on renal fibrosis and the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects in diabetic nephropathy (DN). In vitro, ASI was added to rat mesangial cells (RMCs) and cultured with a high level of glucose (HG) to observe the effects exhibited on proliferation and fibrosis-related mRNA and protein expression. In vivo, a DN model was established using streptozotocin administration in rats, and renal injury was evaluated using renal histological examination. The expression levels of related mRNAs and proteins were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. ASI was demonstrated to downregulate miR-192 expression and inhibit excessive proliferation of RMCs, which was induced by HG, in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, ASI exhibited a therapeutic effect on DN rats. ASI was also demonstrated to decrease the miR-192 expression and mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad3, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type 1 (col1), and increase the mRNA and protein expression of Smad7 in vitro and in vivo. These results suggested that ASI exhibited a therapeutic effect on DN, possibly due to the inhibition of excessive mesangial proliferation and renal fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smad/miR-192 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Mao
- Department Endocrinology, Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Huankun Liang
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Shuhai Zhong
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Xinbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 210506, P.R. China
| | - Laiqing Li
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
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12
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 496:108-116. [PMID: 31276635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide, the pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of DKD. Because the kidney is the organ with the second highest oxygen consumption in our body, it is distinctly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease irrespective of underlying cause. More importantly, high plasma glucose directly damages renal tubular cells, resulting in a wide range of metabolic and cellular dysfunction. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of apoptotic pathway, and defective mitophagy are interlinked mechanisms that play pivotal roles in the progression of DKD. Although renal tubular cells have the highest mitochondrial content, podocytes, mesangial cells, and glomerular endothelial cells may all be affected by diabetes-induced mitochondrial injury. Urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is readily detectable and may serve as a marker of mitochondrial damage in DKD. Unfortunately, pharmacologic modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction for the treatment of DKD is still in its infancy. Nonetheless, understanding the pathobiology of mitochondrial dysfunction in DKD would facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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13
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Ibrahim MA, Abou El Ela1 AESF, Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Amin MA. Physicochemical and pharmacodynamic evaluation of pioglitazone binary systems with hydrophilic carriers. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:883-890. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1616300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abbas Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal El Sayeh F. Abou El Ela1
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nouf Mohamed Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Maha Abdelrahman Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
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14
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Molecular targets of fenofibrate in the cardiovascular-renal axis: A unifying perspective of its pleiotropic benefits. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:132-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Renal fibrosis was a chronic and progressive process affecting kidneys in chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of cause. Although no effective targeted therapy yet existed to retard renal fibrosis, a number of important recent advances have highlighted the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the renal fibrosis. The advances including TGF-β/Smad pathway, oxidative stress and inflammation, hypoxia and gut microbiota-derived from uremic solutes were highlighted that could provide therapeutic targets. New therapeutic targets and strategies that are particularly promising for development of new treatments for patients with CKD were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xing Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - You-Quan Shang
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - Huan-Qiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
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16
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Ma Y, Shi J, Wang F, Li S, Wang J, Zhu C, Li L, Lu H, Li C, Yan J, Zhang X, Jiang H. MiR-130b increases fibrosis of HMC cells by regulating the TGF-β1 pathway in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4044-4056. [PMID: 30260005 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Basement membrane thickening, glomerular hypertrophy, and deposition of multiple extracellular matrix characterize the pathological basis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), a condition which ultimately leads to glomerular and renal interstitial fibrosis. Here, we identified a novel microRNA, miR-130b, and investigated its role and therapeutic efficacy in alleviating DN. Introduction of miR-130b dramatically increased cell growth and fibrosis in DN cells. We found that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was a functional target of miR-130b in human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs) and overexpression of miR-130b increased expressions of the downstream signaling molecules of TGF-β1, t-Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, and SMAD4. An ectopic application of miR-130b increased messenger RNA and protein expressions of collagen type I (colI), colIV, and fibronectin, whose expression levels were correlated with the expression of miR-130b. Taken together, the findings of this study reveal that miR-130b in HMC cells plays an important role in fibrosis regulation and may thus be involved with the pathogenesis of DN. Therefore, miR-130b may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.,Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jingxia Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.,Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chaoxia Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.,Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.,Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Haibo Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.,Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.,Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Junqiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medicine College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.,Diabetic Nephropathy Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
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17
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Chen L, Yang T, Lu DW, Zhao H, Feng YL, Chen H, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Central role of dysregulation of TGF-β/Smad in CKD progression and potential targets of its treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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18
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Qin L, Qin W, Wang J, Lin L. Combined treatment of diabetic nephropathy with alprostadil and calcium dobesilate. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5012-5016. [PMID: 29201206 PMCID: PMC5704275 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of alprostadil combined with calcium dobesilate on the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. We recruited 80 patients with diabetic nephropathy, who were randomly divided into experimental (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. Patients received high-quality low-protein diabetic diet intervention and subcutaneous injection of insulin to adjust blood glucose, combined with antihypertensive, antiplatelet drugs, and other comprehensive treatments. The control group received alprostadil and the experimental group received alprostadil combined with calcium dobesilate. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks as one treatment cycle. The time to remission of clinical symptoms such as mental fatigue and weakness, limb edema, soreness and swelling of waist and knee, cold limbs and limb numbness and pain was significantly shorter in the experimental group than that in the control group (p<0.05). After intervention, the blood levels of small molecular weight proteins, such as β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), cystatin C (CysC), and retinol binding protein (RBP), were significantly lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (p<0.05). The levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (p<0.05). The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (p<0.05). The level of angiotensin II was lower in the experimental group than that in the control group (p<0.05) and the level of fasting serum insulin was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (p<0.05). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was lower in the experimental group than that in the control group (p<0.05). The levels of renal function indexes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid, in experimental group were lower than those in control group (p<0.05). The levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were significantly higher in both groups after the intervention than those before the intervention (p<0.05). The levels of BDNF and IGF-1 were higher in the experimental group than that in control group after intervention (p<0.05). The application of alprostadil combined with calcium dobesilate in patients with diabetic nephropathy can effectively relieve clinical symptoms, improve renal functions, reduce blood levels small proteins, alleviate the inflammatory response, and regulate the levels of BDNF and IGF-1, thus improving the clinical treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Qin
- Department of Urology, Hanting People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261100, P.R. China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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19
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Abstract
The kidney requires a large number of mitochondria to remove waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Mitochondria provide the energy to drive these important functions and can adapt to different metabolic conditions through a number of signalling pathways (for example, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways) that activate the transcriptional co-activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC1α), and by balancing mitochondrial dynamics and energetics to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a decrease in ATP production, alterations in cellular functions and structure, and the loss of renal function. Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction has a role in the early stages and progression of renal diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and diabetic nephropathy, as it disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and thus normal kidney function. Improving mitochondrial homeostasis and function has the potential to restore renal function, and administering compounds that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis can restore mitochondrial and renal function in mouse models of AKI and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, inhibiting the fission protein dynamin 1-like protein (DRP1) might ameliorate ischaemic renal injury by blocking mitochondrial fission.
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20
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Xiu ZM, Wang LP, Fu J, Xu J, Liu L. 1-Acetyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-ylacetate: An aldose reductase inhibitor for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4482-4487. [PMID: 28802633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common and serious complication in diabetes mellitus, but the efficacy of available strategies for preventing this disorder remains poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effects of 1-acetyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-ylacetate (APPA), an aldose reductase inhibitor, on DN. In the present study, a model of rat glomerular mesangial cells (HBZY-1) damaged by high glucose was used to confirm the protective effects of APPA in vitro. Then, a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes was used to assess the effects of APPA in vivo. APPA increased viability and reduced apoptosis in HBZY-1 cells. In vivo, APPA improved the signs of DN as determined by measurements of blood glucose, urinary microalbumin, serum total antioxidant capacity, serum catalase activity, serum glutathione levels, and serum total superoxide dismutase activity. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of kidney tissue confirmed the protective effect. Moreover, APPA reduced the levels of transforming growth factor-β1, collagen IV, and laminin in HBZY-1cells incubated in high glucose, and in serum in DN rats. In summary, APPA can effectively prevent apoptosis and the symptoms of streptozotocin-induced diabetes by inhibiting the polyol pathway in rats. This suggests that APPA could be a potential drug in treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Xiu
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1111 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200437, PR China; Changchun BC&HC Pharmaceutical Technology CO., Ltd, 668 Chuangxin road, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jun Fu
- Changchun BC&HC Pharmaceutical Technology CO., Ltd, 668 Chuangxin road, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1111 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200437, PR China.
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