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Liu Y, Chen J, Sager R, Sasaki E, Hu H. Interactions between C8orf37 and FAM161A, Two Ciliary Proteins Essential for Photoreceptor Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12033. [PMID: 36233334 PMCID: PMC9570145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in C8orf37 cause Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), all manifest in photoreceptor degeneration. Little is known about which proteins C8orf37 interacts with to contribute to photoreceptor survival. To determine the proteins that potentially interact with C8orf37, we carried out a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screen using C8orf37 as a bait. FAM161A, a microtubule-binding protein localized at the photoreceptor cilium required for photoreceptor survival, was identified as one of the preys. Double immunofluorescence staining and proximity ligation assay (PLA) of marmoset retinal sections showed that C8orf37 was enriched and was co-localized with FAM161A at the ciliary base of photoreceptors. Epitope-tagged C8orf37 and FAM161A, expressed in HEK293 cells, were also found to be co-localized by double immunofluorescence staining and PLA. Furthermore, interaction domain mapping assays identified that the N-terminal region of C8orf37 and amino acid residues 341-517 within the PFAM UPF0564 domain of FAM161A were critical for C8orf37-FAM161A interaction. These data suggest that the two photoreceptor survival proteins, C8orf37 and FAM161A, interact with each other which may contribute to photoreceptor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jinjun Chen
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rachel Sager
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-0821, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Huaiyu Hu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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2
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Cha MY, Hong YJ, Choi JE, Kwon TS, Kim IJ, Hong KW. Classification of early age facial growth pattern and identification of the genetic basis in two Korean populations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13828. [PMID: 35970861 PMCID: PMC9378761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood to adolescence is an accelerated growth period, and genetic features can influence differences of individual growth patterns. In this study, we examined the genetic basis of early age facial growth (EAFG) patterns. Facial shape phenotypes were defined using facial landmark distances, identifying five growth patterns: continued-decrease, decrease-to-increase, constant, increase-to-decrease, and continued-increase. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 10 horizontal and 11 vertical phenotypes. The most significant association for horizontal phenotypes was rs610831 (TRIM29; β = 0.92, p-value = 1.9 × 10−9) and for vertical phenotypes was rs6898746 (ZSWIM6; β = 0.1103, p-value = 2.5 × 10−8). It is highly correlated with genes already reported for facial growth. This study is the first to classify and characterize facial growth patterns and related genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Cha
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., 240 Pangyoyeok-ro, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Hong
- Center for Imaging Media Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Choi
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., 240 Pangyoyeok-ro, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Song Kwon
- Human ICT CO., Ltd., 111, Dogok-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06253, Republic of Korea
| | - Ig-Jae Kim
- Center for Imaging Media Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Hong
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., 240 Pangyoyeok-ro, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13493, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Beryozkin A, Matsevich C, Obolensky A, Kostic C, Arsenijevic Y, Wolfrum U, Banin E, Sharon D. A new mouse model for retinal degeneration due to Fam161a deficiency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2030. [PMID: 33479377 PMCID: PMC7820261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM161A mutations are the most common cause of inherited retinal degenerations in Israel. We generated a knockout (KO) mouse model, Fam161atm1b/tm1b, lacking the major exon #3 which was replaced by a construct that include LacZ under the expression of the Fam161a promoter. LacZ staining was evident in ganglion cells, inner and outer nuclear layers and inner and outer-segments of photoreceptors in KO mice. No immunofluorescence staining of Fam161a was evident in the KO retina. Visual acuity and electroretinographic (ERG) responses showed a gradual decrease between the ages of 1 and 8 months. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed thinning of the whole retina. Hypoautofluorescence and hyperautofluorescence pigments was observed in retinas of older mice. Histological analysis revealed a progressive degeneration of photoreceptors along time and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that photoreceptor outer segment disks were disorganized in a perpendicular orientation and outer segment base was wider and shorter than in WT mice. Molecular degenerative markers, such as microglia and CALPAIN-2, appear already in a 1-month old KO retina. These results indicate that a homozygous Fam161a frameshift mutation affects retinal function and causes retinal degeneration. This model will be used for gene therapy treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigail Beryozkin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Matsevich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexey Obolensky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Corinne Kostic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Arsenijevic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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4
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Beryozkin A, Khateb S, Idrobo-Robalino CA, Khan MI, Cremers FPM, Obolensky A, Hanany M, Mezer E, Chowers I, Newman H, Ben-Yosef T, Sharon D, Banin E. Unique combination of clinical features in a large cohort of 100 patients with retinitis pigmentosa caused by FAM161A mutations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15156. [PMID: 32938956 PMCID: PMC7495424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM161A mutations are the most common cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa in the Israeli-Jewish population. We aimed to characterize the spectrum of FAM161A-associated phenotypes and identify characteristic clinical features. We identified 114 bi-allelic FAM161A patients and obtained clinical records of 100 of these patients. The most frequent initial symptom was night blindness. Best-corrected visual acuity was largely preserved through the first three decades of life and severely deteriorated during the 4th–5th decades. Most patients manifest moderate-high myopia. Visual fields were markedly constricted from early ages, but maintained for decades. Bone spicule-like pigmentary changes appeared relatively late, accompanied by nummular pigmentation. Full-field electroretinography responses were usually non-detectable at first testing. Fundus autofluorescence showed a hyper-autofluorescent ring around the fovea in all patients already at young ages. Macular ocular coherence tomography showed relative preservation of the outer nuclear layer and ellipsoid zone in the fovea, and frank cystoid macular changes were very rare. Interestingly, patients with a homozygous nonsense mutation manifest somewhat more severe disease. Our clinical analysis is one of the largest ever reported for RP caused by a single gene allowing identification of characteristic clinical features and may be relevant for future application of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigail Beryozkin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Samer Khateb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carlos Alberto Idrobo-Robalino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey Obolensky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mor Hanany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eedy Mezer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itay Chowers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadas Newman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Ben-Yosef
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Gill JS, Moosajee M, Dubis AM. Cellular imaging of inherited retinal diseases using adaptive optics. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:1683-1698. [PMID: 31164730 PMCID: PMC7002587 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive optics (AO) is an insightful tool that has been increasingly applied to existing imaging systems for viewing the retina at a cellular level. By correcting for individual optical aberrations, AO offers an improvement in transverse resolution from 10-15 μm to ~2 μm, enabling assessment of individual retinal cell types. One of the settings in which its utility has been recognised is that of the inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of which warrants better cellular characterisation. In this review, we provide a summary of the basic principles of AO, its integration into multiple retinal imaging modalities and its clinical applications, focusing primarily on IRDs. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive summary of AO-based cellular findings in IRDs according to their associated disease-causing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep S Gill
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 9PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Adam M Dubis
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 9PD, UK.
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Bensinger E, Rinella N, Saud A, Loumou P, Ratnam K, Griffin S, Qin J, Porco TC, Roorda A, Duncan JL. Loss of Foveal Cone Structure Precedes Loss of Visual Acuity in Patients With Rod-Cone Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3187-3196. [PMID: 31335944 PMCID: PMC6657704 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the relationship between cone spacing and visual acuity in eyes with rod-cone degeneration (RCD) followed longitudinally. Methods High-resolution images of the retina were obtained using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy from 13 eyes of nine RCD patients and 13 eyes of eight healthy subjects at two sessions separated by 10 or more months (mean 765 days, range 311-1935 days). Cone spacing Z-score measured as close as possible (average <0.25°) to the preferred retinal locus was compared with visual acuity (letters read on the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] chart and logMAR) and foveal sensitivity. Results Cone spacing was significantly correlated with ETDRS letters read (ρ = -0.47, 95%CI -0.67 to -0.24), logMAR (ρ = 0.46, 95%CI 0.24 to 0.66), and foveal sensitivity (ρ = -0.30, 95%CI -0.52 to -0.018). There was a small but significant increase in mean cone spacing Z-score during follow-up of +0.97 (95%CI 0.57 to 1.4) in RCD patients, but not in healthy eyes, and there was no significant change in any measure of visual acuity. Conclusions Cone spacing was correlated with visual acuity and foveal sensitivity. In RCD patients, cone spacing increased during follow-up, while visual acuity did not change significantly. Cone spacing Z-score may be a more sensitive measure of cone loss at the fovea than visual acuity in patients with RCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Bensinger
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Nicholas Rinella
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Asma Saud
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Panagiota Loumou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Kavitha Ratnam
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Shane Griffin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Jia Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Travis C. Porco
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
- Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Austin Roorda
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Jacque L. Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
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7
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Hu YS, Song H, Li Y, Xiao ZY, Li T. Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel mutations in genes responsible for retinitis pigmentosa in 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:915-923. [PMID: 31236346 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.06.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the pathogenetic mutations responsible for nonsyndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families. METHODS The clinical data, including detailed medical history, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscope examination, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, static perimetry, and full field electroretinogram, were collected from the members of 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families preliminarily diagnosed with RP. Genomic DNA was extracted from the probands and other available family members; whole-exome sequencing was conducted with the DNA samples provided by the probands, and all mutations detected by whole-exome sequencing were verified using Sanger sequencing in the probands and the other available family members. The verified novel mutations were further sequenced in 192 ethnicity matched healthy controls. RESULTS The patients from the 2 families exhibited the typical symptoms of RP, including night blindness and progressive constriction of the visual field, and the fundus examinations showed attenuated retinal arterioles, peripheral bone spicule pigment deposits, and waxy optic discs. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense mutation in FAM161A (c.943A>T, p.Lys315*) and compound heterozygous mutations in RP1L1 (c.56C>A, p.Pro19His; c.5470C>T, p.Gln1824*). The nonsense c.5470C>T, p.Gln1824* mutation was novel. All mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing. The mutation p.Lys315* in FAM161A co-segregated with the phenotype, and all the nonsense mutations were absent from the ethnicity matched healthy controls and all available databases. CONCLUSION We identify 2 novel mutations in genes responsible for autosomal recessive RP, and the mutation in FAM161A is reported for the first time in a Chinese population. Our result not only enriches the knowledge of the mutation frequency and spectrum in the genes responsible for nonsyndromic RP but also provides a new target for future gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zi-Yun Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
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Biswas P, Duncan JL, Ali M, Matsui H, Naeem MA, Raghavendra PB, Frazer KA, Arts HH, Riazuddin S, Akram J, Hejtmancik JF, Riazuddin SA, Ayyagari R. A mutation in IFT43 causes non-syndromic recessive retinal degeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4741-4751. [PMID: 28973684 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to identify the molecular cause of autosomal recessive early onset retinal degeneration in a consanguineous pedigree. Seventeen members of a four-generation Pakistani family were recruited and underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination. Exomes of four affected and two unaffected individuals were sequenced. Variants were filtered using exomeSuite to identify rare potentially pathogenic variants in genes expressed in the retina and/or brain and consistent with the pattern of inheritance. Effect of the variant observed in the gene Intraflagellar Transport Protein 43 (IFT43) was studied by heterologous expression in mIMCD3 and MDCK cells. Expression and sub-cellular localization of IFT43 in the retina and transiently transfected cells was examined by RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Affected members were diagnosed with early onset non-syndromic progressive retinal degeneration and the presence of bone spicules distributed throughout the retina at younger ages while the older affected members showed severe central choroidal atrophy. Whole-exome sequencing analysis identified a novel homozygous c.100 G > A change in IFT43 segregating with retinal degeneration and not present in ethnicity-matched controls. Immunostaining showed IFT43 localized in the photoreceptors, and to the tip of the cilia in transfected mIMCD3 and MDCK cells. The cilia in mIMCD3 and MDCK cells expressing mutant IFT43 were found to be significantly shorter (P < 0.001) than cells expressing wild-type IFT43. Our studies identified a novel homozygous mutation in the ciliary protein IFT43 as the underlying cause of recessive inherited retinal degeneration. This is the first report demonstrating the involvement of IFT43 in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Biswas
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,School of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiroko Matsui
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Pongali B Raghavendra
- School of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genome Information Sciences, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Heleen H Arts
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan.,National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Akram
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan.,National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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9
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Lew YJ, Rinella N, Qin J, Chiang J, Moore AT, Porco TC, Roorda A, Duncan JL. High-resolution Imaging in Male Germ Cell-Associated Kinase (MAK)-related Retinal Degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 185:32-42. [PMID: 29103961 PMCID: PMC5732075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the characteristics of MAK-related retinal degeneration using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Six patients with rod-cone degeneration and disease-causing mutations in MAK were evaluated with visual acuity, spectral-domain OCT, confocal AOSLO, and OCTA. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vessel densities, and perfusion densities of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in the central macula in all 6 patients were compared with 5 normal subjects. Cone spacing was measured in 4 patients from AOSLO images and compared with 37 normal subjects. RESULTS Patients ranged from 25 to 81 years of age (mean, 52 years). Visual acuity varied from 20/13 to 20/40+2, except in 1 patient with cystoid macular edema whose vision was 20/60- and 20/70+1. The SCP (P = .012) and DCP (P = .013) vessel density and perfusion density (P =.015 and .013, respectively) were significantly lower in patients compared to normal subjects in the parafoveal region 1.0-3.0 mm from the fovea, but were similar to normal subjects within 1.0 mm of the fovea. The FAZ area was not significantly different from normal (all P ≥ .24). Cone spacing was normal at almost all locations in 2 patients with early disease and increased in 2 patients with advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS Although retinal vascular densities are reduced and cone spacing is increased in advanced disease, central foveal structure is maintained until late stages of disease, which may contribute to preservation of foveal vision in eyes with MAK-related retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Lew
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nicholas Rinella
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jia Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joanna Chiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony T Moore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Travis C Porco
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Austin Roorda
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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10
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Ramkumar HL, Gudiseva HV, Kishaba KT, Suk JJ, Verma R, Tadimeti K, Thorson JA, Ayyagari R. A Report on Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Inherited Retinal Dystrophies by Targeted Genetic Analyses. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 21:66-73. [PMID: 28005406 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To test the utility of targeted sequencing as a method of clinical molecular testing in patients diagnosed with inherited retinal degeneration (IRD). METHODS After genetic counseling, peripheral blood was drawn from 188 probands and 36 carriers of IRD. Single gene testing was performed on each patient in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) certified laboratory. DNA was isolated, and all exons in the gene of interest were analyzed along with 20 base pairs of flanking intronic sequence. Genetic testing was most often performed on ABCA4, CTRP5, ELOV4, BEST1, CRB1, and PRPH2. Pathogenicity of novel sequence changes was predicted by PolyPhen2 and sorting intolerant from tolerant (SIFT). RESULTS Of the 225 genetic tests performed, 150 were for recessive IRD, and 75 were for dominant IRD. A positive molecular diagnosis was made in 70 (59%) of probands with recessive IRD and 19 (26%) probands with dominant IRD. Analysis confirmed 12 (34%) of individuals as carriers of familial mutations associated with IRD. Thirty-two novel variants were identified; among these, 17 sequence changes in four genes were predicted to be possibly or probably damaging including: ABCA4 (14), BEST1 (2), PRPH2 (1), and TIMP3 (1). CONCLUSIONS Targeted analysis of clinically suspected genes in 225 subjects resulted in a positive molecular diagnosis in 26% of patients with dominant IRD and 59% of patients with recessive IRD. Novel damaging mutations were identified in four genes. Single gene screening is not an ideal method for diagnostic testing given the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity among IRD cases. High-throughput sequencing of all genes associated with retinal degeneration may be more efficient for molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema L Ramkumar
- 1 Shiley Eye Institute, Jacobs Retina Center, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Harini V Gudiseva
- 1 Shiley Eye Institute, Jacobs Retina Center, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kameron T Kishaba
- 1 Shiley Eye Institute, Jacobs Retina Center, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John J Suk
- 1 Shiley Eye Institute, Jacobs Retina Center, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rohan Verma
- 1 Shiley Eye Institute, Jacobs Retina Center, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Keerti Tadimeti
- 1 Shiley Eye Institute, Jacobs Retina Center, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John A Thorson
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- 1 Shiley Eye Institute, Jacobs Retina Center, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Diverse clinical phenotypes associated with a nonsense mutation in FAM161A. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29:1226-32. [PMID: 26113502 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations in the FAM161A gene have been reported in association with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) in several ethnic populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of FAM161A-related retinopathy in a British cohort and to characterise the phenotype associated with mutations in this gene. METHODS The FAM161A coding region and intron-exon boundaries were screened by Sanger sequencing in 120 retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients (with likely autosomal recessive inheritance) in whom mutations in other known major RP genes have been ruled out by commercially available testing. Homozygosity mapping was performed in one consanguineous family, and high-throughput sequencing of candidate genes was performed to identify disease-associated changes. Clinical assessment of affected individuals included perimetry testing, fundus autofluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography. RESULTS Two patients of British origin with a homozygous mutation in FAM161A (c.1309A>T, p.Arg437*) were identified by Sanger sequencing. Homozygosity mapping and subsequent high-throughput sequencing analysis identified a further family of Pakistani origin with the same genotype. Clinical examination of affected members of these families revealed that this mutation was associated with a diverse clinical phenotype, ranging from mild disease with preservation of central acuity to severe visual impairment. CONCLUSIONS Homozygosity for the c.1309A>T, p.Arg437* variant in FAM161A is a relatively common cause of arRP. The mutation occurs in diverse ethnic populations, associated with typical retinitis pigmentosa with disease onset usually in the second or third decade of life.
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