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Ardizzone A, Bova V, Casili G, Repici A, Lanza M, Giuffrida R, Colarossi C, Mare M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Paterniti I. Role of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Cancer: Biological Activity, Targeted Therapies, and Prognostic Value. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071002. [PMID: 37048074 PMCID: PMC10093572 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide; thus, it is necessary to find successful strategies. Several growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), are involved in the main processes that fuel tumor growth, i.e., cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, by activating important signaling pathways, including PLC-γ/PI3/Ca2+ signaling, leading to PKC activation. Here, we focused on bFGF, which, when secreted by tumor cells, mediates several signal transductions and plays an influential role in tumor cells and in the development of chemoresistance. The biological mechanism of bFGF is shown by its interaction with its four receptor subtypes: fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4. The bFGF–FGFR interaction stimulates tumor cell proliferation and invasion, resulting in an upregulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic tumor cell proteins. Considering the involvement of the bFGF/FGFR axis in oncogenesis, preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted to develop new therapeutic strategies, alone and/or in combination, aimed at intervening on the bFGF/FGFR axis. Therefore, this review aimed to comprehensively examine the biological mechanisms underlying bFGF in the tumor microenvironment, the different anticancer therapies currently available that target the FGFRs, and the prognostic value of bFGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Bova
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Repici
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Colarossi
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Marzia Mare
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6765208
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Xu J, Wang X, Li X, Yang G, Luo C. High-throughput cell migration assay under combinatorial chemical environments by a novel 24-well-plate based device. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:40. [PMID: 32474727 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative studies of cell proliferation and migration under different chemical environments are important for both scientists and clinicians searching for new therapeutics. In this study, we developed a new device to pattern several types of cells in 24-well-plate and demonstrated its' application in cancer cell proliferation and migration assay. The new device combined 3D-printed-silica-part for multi cell types loading with PDMS-through-hole-layer-part for cell micro-patterning which was matched with commercial 24-well-plate. This 24-well-plate based device is flexible and feasible in many applications and can be used in one piece or multi pieces. Besides the application for two types of cells proliferation and migration assay in one chemical condition, as a demonstration, the migration behaviors of four types of cells under 24 types of EGF + bFGF combinatorial conditions were studied. We believed this device could be widely used in clinical searching for new anti-cancer therapeutics and other related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunxiong Luo
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Zhou K, Fan YD, Duysenbi S, Wu PF, Feng ZH, Qian Z, Zhang TR. siRNA-mediated silencing of bFGF gene inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human pituitary adenoma cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317704805. [PMID: 28656882 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317704805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Serick Duysenbi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Hai Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Wu D, Aldarouish M, Yin X, Li C, Wang C. ETS-1: A potential target of glycolysis for metabolic therapy by regulating glucose metabolism in pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:232-240. [PMID: 27878249 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies of all types of cancer due to lack of early symptoms and its resistance to conventional therapy. In our previous study, we have shown that v‑ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog‑1 (ETS‑1) promote cell migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells. However, the function of ETS‑1 in regulation of glycolysis and autophagy during progression of pancreatic cancer has not been defined yet. In this study, we sought to identify the potential role for silencing ETS‑1 in reducing the expression of glucose transporter‑1 (GLUT‑1) to disturb glycolysis through alteration of 'Warburg effect', by which could result in AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, autophagy induction and reduction of cell viability. MTT assay was applied to assess the cell viability in ETS‑1 silencing cells and control groups. Glucose absorption rate, lactate production rate and cellular ATP level were measured by standard colorimetric assay kits. The levels of mRNAs of ETS‑1, GLUT‑1, autophagy‑related gene 5 (ATG5) and ATG7 were analyzed by qRT‑PCR. The expression of ETS‑1, GLUT‑1, ATG5, ATG7, p‑AMPK, and LC3II proteins were evaluated by western blot analysis. GraphPad Prism 5.0 was used for all statistical analysis. We found that cell viability was obviously attenuated after silencing ETS‑1. Besides, our results also showed that the expression of GLUT‑1 significantly declined in ETS‑1 silencing cell lines which resulted in a lower glucose utilization and lactate production. Furthermore, the inhibition of glycolysis, which depends on glucose utilization and lactate production, reduced the generation of energy in the form of ATP. Moreover, the reduction of cellular ATP was associated with stimulation of AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) and induction of autophagy. Our results indicated that ETS‑1 induced autophagy after inhibition of glycolysis, and thus led to comparative decrease of cell viability. These results implied that ETS‑1 could be a potential target for tumor metabolic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Mohanad Aldarouish
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Department of Oncology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224500, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Cailian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Hua G, Lv X, He C, Remmenga SW, Rodabough KJ, Dong J, Yang L, Lele SM, Yang P, Zhou J, Karst A, Drapkin RI, Davis JS, Wang C. YAP induces high-grade serous carcinoma in fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:2247-65. [PMID: 26364602 PMCID: PMC4791205 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) originates from fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSECs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of HGSC derived from FTSECs remains unclear. In this study, we found that the Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway has a critical role in the initiation and progression of fallopian tube and ovarian HGSC. Importantly, YAP was overexpressed in inflammatory and cancerous fallopian tube tissues. Further, overexpression of wild-type YAP, or constitutively active YAP in immortalized FTSECs, induced cell proliferation, migration, colony formation and tumorigenesis. Moreover, the Hippo/YAP and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways formed an autocrine/paracrine-positive feedback loop to drive the progression of the FTSEC-derived HGSC. Evidence in this study strongly suggests that combined therapy with inhibitors of YAP (such as verteporfin) and FGF receptors (such as BGJ398) can provide a novel therapeutic strategy to treat fallopian tube and ovarian HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hua
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,The Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - X Lv
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - C He
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,The Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - S W Remmenga
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - K J Rodabough
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J Dong
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - L Yang
- The Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - S M Lele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - P Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urumuqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumuqi, China
| | - A Karst
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R I Drapkin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J S Davis
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - C Wang
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Qiao N, Xu C, Zhu YX, Cao Y, Liu DC, Han X. Ets-1 as an early response gene against hypoxia-induced apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1650. [PMID: 25695603 PMCID: PMC4669796 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia complicates islet isolation for transplantation and may contribute to pancreatic β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Pancreatic β-cells are susceptible to hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Severe hypoxic conditions during the immediate post-transplantation period are a main non-immune factor leading to β-cell death and islet graft failure. In this study, we identified the transcription factor Ets-1 (v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1) as an early response gene against hypoxia-induced apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. Hypoxia regulates Ets-1 at multiple levels according to the degree of β-cell oxygen deprivation. Moderate hypoxia promotes Ets-1 gene transcription, whereas severe hypoxia promotes its transactivation activity, as well as its ubiquitin-proteasome mediated degradation. This degradation causes a relative insufficiency of Ets-1 activity, and limits the transactivation effect of Ets-1 on downstream hypoxic-inducible genes and its anti-apoptotic function. Overexpression of ectopic Ets-1 in MIN6 and INS-1 cells protects them from severe hypoxia-induced apoptosis in a mitochondria-dependent manner, confirming that a sufficient amount of Ets-1 activity is critical for protection of pancreatic β-cells against hypoxic injury. Targeting Ets-1 expression may be a useful strategy for islet graft protection during the immediate post-transplantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Xu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-X Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Cao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D-C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Fibroblast growth factor 2 induces E-cadherin down-regulation via PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling in ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59083. [PMID: 23554977 PMCID: PMC3598697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is produced by ovarian cancer cells and it has been suggested to play an important role in tumor progression. In this study, we report that FGF2 treatment down-regulated E-cadherin by up-regulating its transcriptional repressors, Slug and ZEB1, in human ovarian cancer cells. The pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and MEK suggests that both PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling are required for FGF2-induced E-cadherin down-regulation. Moreover, FGF2 up-regulated Slug and ZEB1 expression via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, respectively. Finally, FGF2-induced cell invasion was abolished by the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways, and the forced expression of E-cadherin diminished the intrinsic invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells as well as the FGF2-induced cell invasion. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism in which FGF2 down-regulates E-cadherin expression through the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling, and the up-regulation of Slug and ZEB1 in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Fong MY, Farghaly H, Kakar SS. Tumorigenic potential of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in vivo investigated using a transgenic mouse model, and effects of cross breeding with p53 (+/-) transgenic mice. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:532. [PMID: 23164239 PMCID: PMC3530432 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) is an oncogene that is overexpressed in variety of tumors and exhibits characteristics of a transforming gene. Previous transgenic mouse models to access the tumorigenic potential in the pituitary and ovary have resulted in dysplasia without formation of visible tumors, possibly due to the insufficient expression of PTTG. PTTG expression level is critical for ovarian tumorigenesis in a xenograft model. Therefore, the tumorigenic function of PTTG in vivo remains unclear. We generated a transgenic mouse that overexpresses PTTG driven by the CMV promoter to determine whether PTTG functions as a transforming oncogene that is capable of initiating tumorigenesis. METHODS Transgenic animals were generated by microinjection of PTTG transgene into the male pronucleus of FVB 0.5 day old embryos. Expression levels of PTTG in tissues of transgenic animals were analyzed using an immunohistochemical analysis. H&E staining and immunohistostaining were performed to examine the type of tumor in transgenic and PTTG transgenic/p53+/- animals. RESULTS PTTG transgenic offspring (TgPTTG) were monitored for tumor development at various ages. H&E analysis was performed to identify the presence of cancer and hyperplastic conditions verified with the proliferation marker PCNA and the microvessel marker CD31. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine transgene expression, revealing localization to the epithelium of the fallopian tube, with more generalized expression in the liver, lung, kidney, and spleen. At eight months of age, 2 out of 15 TgPTTG developed ovarian cancer, 2 out of 15 developed benign tumors, 2 out of 15 developed cervical dysplasia, and 3 out of 15 developed adenomyosis of the uterus. At ten months of age, 2 out of 10 TgPTTG developed adenocarcinoma of the ovary, 1 out of 10 developed a papillary serous adenocarcinoma, and 2 out of 10 presented with atypia of ovarian epithelial cells. Tumorigenesis is a multi-step process, often requiring multiple oncogenes and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Therefore, to understand the contribution of p53 to PTTG induced tumorigenesis, we crossbred TgPTTG to p53+/- mice and maintained those 8 to 10 months. TgPTTG/p53+/- animals developed sarcomas faster than p53+/- alone as well as different tumor types in addition to cervical carcinomas in situ in 10 out of 17 females. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that while PTTG is a functional transforming oncogene, it requires an additional partner to effectively promote tumorigenesis through the loss of p53 include or between function or modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Y Fong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, CTRB 322, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Stie J, Fox D. Induction of brain microvascular endothelial cell urokinase expression by Cryptococcus neoformans facilitates blood-brain barrier invasion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49402. [PMID: 23145170 PMCID: PMC3493525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasive ability of the blood-borne fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans can be enhanced through interactions with host plasma components, such as plasminogen. Previously we showed by in vitro studies that plasminogen coats the surface of C. neoformans and is converted to the active serine protease, plasmin, by host plasminogen activators. Viable, but not formaldehyde- or sodium azide-killed, cryptococcal strains undergo brain microvascular endothelial cell-dependent plasminogen-to-plasmin activation, which results in enhanced, plasmin-dependent cryptococcal invasion of primary bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells and fungal ability to degrade plasmin substrates. In the present work, brain microvascular endothelial cells cultured with viable, but not killed, cryptococcal strains led to significant increases in both urokinase mRNA transcription and cell-associated urokinase protein expression. Soluble urokinase was also detected in conditioned medium from brain microvascular endothelial cells cultured with viable, but not killed, C. neoformans. Exposure of plasminogen pre-coated viable C. neoformans to conditioned medium from strain-matched brain microvascular endothelial cell-fungal co-cultures resulted in plasminogen-to-plasmin activation and plasmin-dependent cryptococcal invasion. siRNA-mediated silencing of urokinase gene expression or the use of specific inhibitors of urokinase activity abrogated both plasminogen-to-plasmin activation on C. neoformans and cryptococcal-brain microvascular endothelial cell invasion. Our results suggest that pathogen exploitation of the host urokinase-plasmin(ogen) system may contribute to C. neoformans virulence during invasive cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Stie
- Research Institute for Children, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Deborah Fox
- Research Institute for Children, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ma S, Dai Y, Huang J, Xie Y. Identification of Breast Cancer Prognosis Markers via Integrative Analysis. Comput Stat Data Anal 2012; 56:2718-2728. [PMID: 22773869 DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer research, it is of great interest to identify genomic markers associated with prognosis. Multiple gene profiling studies have been conducted for such a purpose. Genomic markers identified from the analysis of single datasets often do not have satisfactory reproducibility. Among the multiple possible reasons, the most important one is the small sample sizes of individual studies. A cost-effective solution is to pool data from multiple comparable studies and conduct integrative analysis. In this study, we collect four breast cancer prognosis studies with gene expression measurements. We describe the relationship between prognosis and gene expressions using the accelerated failure time (AFT) models. We adopt a 2-norm group bridge penalization approach for marker identification. This integrative analysis approach can effectively identify markers with consistent effects across multiple datasets and naturally accommodate the heterogeneity among studies. Statistical and simulation studies demonstrate satisfactory performance of this approach. Breast cancer prognosis markers identified using this approach have sound biological implications and satisfactory prediction performance.
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Cheng YM, Chou CY, Hsu YC, Chen MJ. Influence of HPV16 E6/7 on the Expression of FGF2 and FGFR Type B in Cervical Carcinogenesis. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:580-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719111432874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jenn Chen
- Division of Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lin J, Jia Y, Zeng W, Mi Y, Zhang C. Basic FGF Promotes Proliferation of Ovarian Granulosa Cells in the Laying Chickens Via FGFR1 and PKC Pathway. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:135-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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