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Wang W, Guo Y, Xu J, Zhang H, Ma Z, Wu H. Isolation of anthraquinone derivatives from Rubia cordifolia (Rubiaceae) and their bioactivities against plant pathogenic microorganisms. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4617-4627. [PMID: 38747671 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of antimicrobial ingredients from natural products could be an effective way to create novel fungicides. Rubia cordifolia L., a traditional Chinese herb, may have antimicrobial effects on plant pathogens according to our previous screening study. RESULTS Rubia cordifolia L. extracts had moderate inhibitory effects on apple Valsa canker (Valsa mali) and tomato grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1. With the use of bioguided isolation methods, eight compounds (1-8) were obtained, including the new compound 2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methylphenyl)-tetrahydropyrano- 3-ol (7), and seven quinone derivatives. Two compounds, mollugin (1) and 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (6), were found to exhibit outstanding antifungal activities against V. mali and Phytophthora capsici Leon. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of compound 1 and compound 6 against V. mali were 79.08 and 81.78 μg mL-1, respectively, and the EC50 of compound 6 against P. capsici was 4.86 μg mL-1. Compound 1 also showed excellent activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The inactive, inductive, protective and curative activities against TMV were 84.29%, 83.38%, 86.81%, and 60.02%, respectively, at a concentration of 500 μg mL-1, which were all close to or greater than that of the positive control (100 μg mL-1 chitosan oligosaccharide, COS). CONCLUSION Mollugin and 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone are potentially valuable active compounds that lay a foundation for research on botanical fungicide products derived from R. cordifolia L. and provide lead structures for quinone derivative synthesis and structural modification. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hua Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Wen M, Chen Q, Chen W, Yang J, Zhou X, Zhang C, Wu A, Lai J, Chen J, Mei Q, Yang S, Lan C, Wu J, Huang F, Wang L. A comprehensive review of Rubia cordifolia L.: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and clinical applications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965390. [PMID: 36160419 PMCID: PMC9500525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubia cordifolia (family: Rubiaceae) L (R. cordifolia) is a perennial botanical drug climbing vine. As the main part of the traditional Chinese medicine, the rhizome has a long history. A great number of literary studies have reported that it can be used for the improvement of blood circulation, hemostasis, activation of collaterals, etc. When it comes to the wide application of R. cordifolia in traditional medicine, we systematically review its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Literatures were systematically searched using several scientific databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and other professional websites. Kew Botanical Garden and the iPlant were used for obtaining the scientific names and plant images of R. cordifolia. In addition, other information was also gathered from books including traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and Chinese Materia Medica. So far, many prescriptions containing R. cordifolia have been widely used in the clinical treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, primary dysmenorrhea and other gynecological diseases, allergic purpura, renal hemorrhage and other diseases. The phytochemistry studies have reported that more than 100 compounds are found in R. cordifolia, such as bicyclic peptides, terpenes, polysaccharides, trace elements, flavonoids, and quinones. Among them, quinones and peptides are the types of components with the highest contents in R. cordifolia. The modern pharmacological studies have revealed that R. cordifolia and its derived components have anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, most studies are preclinical. The pharmacological mechanism of R. cordifolia has not been thoroughly studied. In addition, there are few pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies of R. cordifolia, therefore the clinical safety data for R. cordifolia is lacking. To sum up, this review for the first time summarizes a systemic and integrated traditional uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological actions and clinical applications of R. cordifolia, which provides the novel and full-scale insight for the drug development, medicinal value, and application of R. cordifolia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cai Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
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Qin W, Luo H, Yang L, Hu D, Jiang SP, Peng DY, Hu JM, Liu SJ. Rubia cordifolia L. ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through dual inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathways. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10314. [PMID: 36082330 PMCID: PMC9445285 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Kaur J, Anwer MK, Sartaj A, Panda BP, Ali A, Zafar A, Kumar V, Gilani SJ, Kala C, Taleuzzaman M. ZnO Nanoparticles of Rubia cordifolia Extract Formulation Developed and Optimized with QbD Application, Considering Ex Vivo Skin Permeation, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041450. [PMID: 35209242 PMCID: PMC8878222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current research is to develop ZnO-Manjistha extract (ZnO-MJE) nanoparticles (NPs) and to investigate their transdermal delivery as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The optimized formulation was further evaluated based on different parameters. The ZnO-MJE-NPs were prepared by mixing 10 mM ZnSO4·7H2O and 0.8% w/v NaOH in distilled water. To the above, a solution of 10 mL MJE (10 mg) in 50 mL of zinc sulfate was added. Box-Behnken design (Design-Expert software 12.0.1.0) was used for the optimization of ZnO-MJE-NP formulations. The ZnO-MJE-NPs were evaluated for their physicochemical characterization, in vitro release activity, ex vivo permeation across rat skin, antimicrobial activity using sterilized agar media, and antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical method. The optimized ZnO-MJE-NP formulation (F13) showed a particle size of 257.1 ± 0.76 nm, PDI value of 0.289 ± 0.003, and entrapment efficiency of 79 ± 0.33%. Drug release kinetic models showed that the formulation followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with a drug release of 34.50 ± 2.56 at pH 7.4 in 24 h. In ex vivo studies ZnO-MJE-NPs-opt permeation was 63.26%. The antibacterial activity was found to be enhanced in ZnO-MJE-NPs-opt and antioxidant activity was found to be highest (93.14 ± 4.05%) at 100 µg/mL concentrations. The ZnO-MJE-NPs-opt formulation showed prolonged release of the MJE and intensified permeation. Moreover, the formulation was found to show significantly (p < 0.05) better antimicrobial and antioxidant activity as compared to conventional suspension formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Sartaj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif-21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al-Jouf 72341, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, KIET School of Pharmacy, Delhi-NCR, Meerut Road (NH-58), Ghaziabad 201206, India;
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Chandra Kala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Village Bujhawar, Tehsil Luni, Jodhpur 342802, India;
| | - Mohamad Taleuzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Village Bujhawar, Tehsil Luni, Jodhpur 342802, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-725-1892-850
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Taleuzzaman M, Sartaj A, Kumar Gupta D, Gilani SJ, Mirza MA. Phytosomal gel of Manjistha extract (MJE) formulated and optimized with central composite design of Quality by Design (QbD). J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1942036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Taleuzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ali Sartaj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Aamir Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Khan MS, Aziz S, Khan MZ, Khalid ZM, Riaz M, Ahmed D, Ali I, Arif N, Wang D, Ahmad MS, Zahid N. Antihyperglycemic effect and phytochemical investigation of Rubia cordifolia (Indian Madder) leaves extract. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Medicinal plants are used as an important source of medicines in pharmaceutical industry. Rubia cordifolia is widely used to cure diabetes mellitus. Present study was aimed to investigate the antihyperglycemic effects of different fractions of R. cordifolia leaves and to analyze its antioxidant effect and phytochemical composition. Male albino mice were randomly distributed into seven groups (n = 7). Group-I was normal control, group-II was Alloxan (100 mg/kg)-induced diabetic control, and group-III was standard drug (Glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg)-treated group. Animals in groups IV–VII were treated with n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction of R. cordifolia, orally administered (100 mg/kg) once daily up to 28 days after Alloxan induction, respectively. Methanolic extract (ME) and fractions of R. cordifilia were analyzed for antioxidant activity and quantification of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. HPLC of ME and most active fractions were performed. The results showed that RCEF (G-V) and RCBF (G-VI) have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the increased level of glucose as compared to toxicant control group. It was further revealed that EF and BF have higher antioxidant activity (having IC50 34.9, 36.86 (µg/mL)) owing to phenolic and flavonoid identified by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Shahid Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) , Mirpur , AJ&K , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zakryya Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Zafar Mahmood Khalid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Dawood Ahmed
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur , Haripur , Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University , Gilgit Baltastan (GB) , Pakistan
| | - Nazia Arif
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir , Muzaffarabad , AJ&K , Pakistan
| | - Deiji Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Department of Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Quilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan , Shandong 250014 , China
| | - Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad
- Department of National Center of Industrial Biotechnology (NCIB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi , Murree Road , Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Zahid
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) , Mirpur 10250 , Azad Kashmir , Pakistan
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7
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Marhoume FZ, Aboufatima R, Zaid Y, Limami Y, Duval RE, Laadraoui J, Belbachir A, Chait A, Bagri A. Antioxidant and Polyphenol-Rich Ethanolic Extract of Rubia tinctorum L. Prevents Urolithiasis in an Ethylene Glycol Experimental Model in Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:1005. [PMID: 33672875 PMCID: PMC7917717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of kidney stones is based on symptomatic medications which are associated with side effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting) and hepatotoxicity. The search for effective plant extracts without the above side effects has demonstrated the involvement of antioxidants in the treatment of kidney stones. A local survey in Morocco has previously revealed the frequent use of Rubia tinctorum L. (RT) for the treatment of kidney stones. In this study, we first explored whether RT ethanolic (E-RT) and ethyl acetate (EA-RT) extracts of Rubia tinctorum L. could prevent the occurrence of urolithiasis in an experimental 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) and 2% ammonium chloride (AC)-induced rat model. Secondly, we determined the potential antioxidant potency as well as the polyphenol composition of these extracts. An EG/AC regimen for 10 days induced the formation of bipyramid-shaped calcium oxalate crystals in the urine. Concomitantly, serum and urinary creatinine, urea, uric acid, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, and chloride were altered. The co-administration of both RT extracts prevented alterations in all these parameters. In the EG/AC-induced rat model, the antioxidants- and polyphenols-rich E-RT and EA-RT extracts significantly reduced the presence of calcium oxalate in the urine, and prevented serum and urinary biochemical alterations together with kidney tissue damage associated with urolithiasis. Moreover, we demonstrated that the beneficial preventive effects of E-RT co-administration were more pronounced than those obtained with EA-RT. The superiority of E-RT was associated with its more potent antioxidant effect, due to its high content in polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Marhoume
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neuroscience, Integrative and Computational Neuroscience Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, Settat 26002, Morocco;
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Behavior, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (J.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Rachida Aboufatima
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco;
| | - Younes Zaid
- Research Center of Abulcasis University of Health Sciences, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Botany Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
- Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Youness Limami
- Research Center of Abulcasis University of Health Sciences, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | | | - Jawad Laadraoui
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Behavior, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (J.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Anass Belbachir
- Morpho-Science Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
- Regenerative Medicine Center University Hospital Center of Mohammed VI Marrakech, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Chait
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Behavior, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (J.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Abdallah Bagri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neuroscience, Integrative and Computational Neuroscience Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, Settat 26002, Morocco;
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Balachandran P, Ibrahim MA, Zhang J, Wang M, Pasco DS, Muhammad I. Crosstalk of Cancer Signaling Pathways by Cyclic Hexapeptides and Anthraquinones from Rubia cordifolia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030735. [PMID: 33572569 PMCID: PMC7866972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer activities of Rubia cordifolia and its constituents have been reported earlier, but their influence on the crosstalk of complex cancer-related signaling metabolic pathways (i.e., transcription factors; TF) has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, R. cordifolia root extract was subjected to the cancer signaling assay based bioactivity-guided fractionation, which yielded the following compounds viz., three anthraquinones, namely alizarin (1), purpurin (2), and emodin (3); two lignans, namely eudesmin (4) and compound 5; and two cyclic hexapeptides, namely deoxybouvardin RA-V (6), and a mixture of 6+9 (RA-XXI). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS. The isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, 6, and a mixture of 6+9 were tested against a panel of luciferase reporter genes that assesses the activity of a wide-range of cancer-related signaling pathways. In addition, reference anthraquinones viz., chrysophanol (11), danthron (12), quinizarin (13), aloe-emodin (14), and α-lapachone (15) were also tested. Among the tested compounds, the cyclic hexapeptide 6 was found to be very active against several signaling pathways, notably Wnt, Myc, and Notch with IC50 values of 50, 75, and 93 ng/mL, respectively. Whereas, the anthraquinones exhibited very mild or no inhibition against these signaling pathways. Compound 6 being the most active, we tested it for stability in simulated intestinal (SIF) and gastric fluids (SGF), since the stability in biological fluid is a key short-coming of cyclic hexapeptides. The anticancer activity of 6 was found to remain unchanged before and after the treatment of simulated gastric/intestinal fluids, indicating that RA-V was stable. As a result, it could be bioavailable when orally used in therapeutics and possibly a drug candidate for cancer treatment. The mechanism for the preferential inhibition of these pathways and the possible crosstalk effect with other previously reported signaling pathways has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premalatha Balachandran
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (M.A.I.); (I.M.); Tel.: +1-662-915-3463 (P.B.); +1-662-915-1147 (M.A.I.); +1-662-915-1051 (I.M.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (M.A.I.); (I.M.); Tel.: +1-662-915-3463 (P.B.); +1-662-915-1147 (M.A.I.); +1-662-915-1051 (I.M.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - David S. Pasco
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (D.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (M.A.I.); (I.M.); Tel.: +1-662-915-3463 (P.B.); +1-662-915-1147 (M.A.I.); +1-662-915-1051 (I.M.)
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Peterson CT, Pourang A, Dhaliwal S, Kohn JN, Uchitel S, Singh H, Mills PJ, Peterson SN, Sivamani RK. Modulatory Effects of Triphala and Manjistha Dietary Supplementation on Human Gut Microbiota: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 26:1015-1024. [PMID: 32955913 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Triphala (which contains Emblica officinalis, Terminalia bellerica, and Terminalia chebula) and manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), have received increased clinical attention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of triphala, manjistha, or placebo dietary supplementation on gut microbiota as such studies in humans are lacking. Design: This was a 4-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Setting: This trial was conducted at the University of California Davis, Department of Dermatology. Subjects: A total of 31 healthy human subjects were randomized to 3 groups. Interventions: The 3 groups were instructed to take 2,000 mg of either triphala, manjistha or placebo daily for 4 weeks. Outcome Measures: The impact of treatment on gut microbiota composition was evaluated following a 4-week dietary intervention by profiling fecal communities with 16S rRNA profiling in triphala (n = 9), manjistha (n = 9), or placebo (n = 11) treated subjects that completed the intervention. Results: An average of 336 phylotypes were detected in each sample (range: 161 to 648). The analysis of gut microbiota in placebo control and herb-supplemented participants indicated that responses were highly personalized, and no taxa were uniformly altered by the medicinal herb supplementation protocol. Subjects in both treatment groups displayed a trend toward decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and increased relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. Both medicinal herb treatments reduced the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae, primarily reflecting changes in Alistipes spp. Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with medicinal herbs altered fecal microbial communities. Despite the lack of a clear response signature, a group of bacterial taxa were identified that were more commonly altered in herb-supplemented participants compared to placebo controls. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03477825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Peterson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aunna Pourang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Simran Dhaliwal
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jordan N Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Uchitel
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harjot Singh
- Department of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Mills
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott N Peterson
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA.,College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA.,Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Zen Dermatology, Sacramento, CA, USA
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10
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TMARg, a Novel Anthraquinone Isolated from Rubia cordifolia Nakai, Increases Osteogenesis and Mineralization through BMP2 and β-Catenin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155332. [PMID: 32727092 PMCID: PMC7432489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plant extracts have long been regarded as useful medicines in the treatment of human diseases. Rubia cordifolia Nakai has been used as a traditional medicine, as it has pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the biological functions of TMARg, isolated from the roots of R. cordifolia, in osteoblast differentiation remain unknown. This study was performed to investigate the pharmacological effects and intracellular signaling of TMARg in the osteoblast differentiation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and mesenchymal precursor C2C12 cells. Methods: Cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. Early and late osteoblast differentiation was examined by analyzing the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and by staining it with Alizarin red S (ARS). Cell migration was determined by using migration assays. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical analysis were used to examine the intracellular signaling pathways and differentiation proteins. Results: In the present study, TMARg showed no cytotoxicity and increased the osteoblast differentiation in pre-osteoblasts, as assessed from the alkaline phosphate (ALP) staining and activity and ARS staining. TMARg also induced BMP2 expression and increased the p-smad1/5/8-RUNX2 and β-catenin pathways in both MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cells. Furthermore, TMARg activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and increased the cell migration rate. In addition, the TMARg-mediated osteoblast differentiation was suppressed by BMP and Wnt inhibitors with the downregulation of BMP2 expression. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that TMARg exerts pharmacological and biological effects on osteoblast differentiation through the activation of BMP2 and β-catenin signaling pathways, and suggest that TMARg might be a potential phytomedicine for the treatment of bone diseases.
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11
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Marhoume FZ, Laaradia MA, Zaid Y, Laadraoui J, Oufquir S, Aboufatima R, Chait A, Bagri A. Anti-aggregant effect of butanolic extract of Rubia tinctorum L on platelets in vitro and ex vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:111971. [PMID: 31153862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Marhoume
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Neuroscience, Applied Biochemistry and Toxicology Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco.
| | - Mehdi Ait Laaradia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Behavior, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Younes Zaid
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Research Center of Abulcasis University of Health Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jawad Laadraoui
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Behavior, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Sara Oufquir
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Behavior, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Rachida Aboufatima
- Laboratory of Génie Biologique, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Béni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Chait
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Behavior, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Abdallah Bagri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Neuroscience, Applied Biochemistry and Toxicology Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco.
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12
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Li D, Wei X, Ma M, Jia H, Zhang Y, Kang W, Wang T, Shi X. FFJ-3 inhibits PKM2 protein expression via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activates the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in human cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2607-2614. [PMID: 28454440 PMCID: PMC5403336 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) has previously been identified as a tumor biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, FFJ-3, a structurally modified version of mollugin, an extract of the Traditional Chinese herbal medicine Rubia tinctorum (madder) was used in order to determine the anticancer activity of the compound and investigate the potential mechanisms underlying this effect in human cancer cells. The results of the present study revealed that FFJ-3 inhibited the survival of HepG2 human hepatoma cells, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells using the MTT assay. In addition, FFJ-3 arrested cell cycle progression at G2/M and G1 in HepG2 and A549 cells, respectively. Further analyses demonstrated that FFJ-3 attenuated the expression of PKM2 protein via the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt serine/threonine kinase (Akt) signaling pathway. Furthermore, treatment of all three cell types with FFJ-3 significantly increased apoptosis and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential compared with the untreated control group. In addition, FFJ-3 treatment increased the ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X and activated the caspase-3 cascade. In conclusion, the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activation of the caspase-3 cascade by FFJ-3 were primarily responsible for the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in MCF-7, HepG2 and A549 cells. The results of the present study suggest a potential therapeutic role for FFJ-3 in the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Huina Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
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13
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Shan M, Yu S, Yan H, Chen P, Zhang L, Ding A. A Review of the Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology of Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma. Molecules 2016; 21:E1747. [PMID: 27999402 PMCID: PMC6274022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubia cordifolia Linn (Rubiaceae) is a climbing perennial herbal plant, which is widely distributed in China and India. Its root and rhizome, Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma (called Qiancao in China and Indian madder in India), is a well known phytomedicine used for hematemesis, epistaxis, flooding, spotting, traumatic bleeding, amenorrhea caused by obstruction, joint impediment pain, swelling and pain caused by injuries from falls. In addition, it is a kind of pigment utilized as a food additive and a dye for wool or fiber. This review mainly concentrates on studies of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of this Traditional Chinese Medicine. The phytochemical evidences indicated that over a hundred chemical components have been found and isolated from the medicine, such as anthraquinones, naphthoquinones, triterpenoids, cyclic hexapeptides and others. These components are considered responsible for the various bioactivities of the herbal drug, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, antitumor, effects on coagulation-fibrinolysis system, neuroprotection and other effects. Additionally, based on these existing results, we also propose some interesting future research directions. Consequently, this review should help us to more comprehensively understand and to more fully utilize the herbal medicine Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Peidong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Anwei Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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14
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Wei X, Li M, Ma M, Jia H, Zhang Y, Kang W, Wang T, Shi X. Induction of apoptosis by FFJ-5, a novel naphthoquinone compound, occurs via downregulation of PKM2 in A549 and HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:791-799. [PMID: 28356960 PMCID: PMC5351257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) has previously been identified as a tumor biomarker and as a potential target for cancer therapy. In this study, F§FJ-5, a characterized naphthoquinone modifier of mollugin, was synthesized in order to investigate its anticancer activity and the potential mechanisms. It was observed that FFJ-5 inhibited the cell growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and human hepatoma cells HepG2 by MTT assays. FFJ-5 arrested cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Further analyses demonstrated that FFJ-5 attenuated the expression of PKM2 and reduced the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Reduced expression and activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Akt were observed in A549 and HepG2 cells exposed to FFJ-5. FFJ-5 exposure also resulted in cell apoptosis, in association with decreased intracellular pH level and mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, FFJ-5 activated the caspase-3 cascade. In conclusion, FFJ-5 inhibited cancer cell growth via the blocking the EGFR-Akt-PKM2 pathway or through the synergistic action of EGFR, Akt and PKM2 proteins, alongside a decrease in ATP production. In addition, FFJ-5 induced cancer cell apoptosis by decreasing the intracellular pH level and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The present results suggest a potential role of FFJ-5 on the therapy of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Huina Jia
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
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