1
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Qin P, Li Q, Zu Q, Dong R, Qi Y. Natural products targeting autophagy and apoptosis in NSCLC: a novel therapeutic strategy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1379698. [PMID: 38628670 PMCID: PMC11019012 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1379698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the predominant type. The roles of autophagy and apoptosis in NSCLC present a dual and intricate nature. Additionally, autophagy and apoptosis interconnect through diverse crosstalk molecules. Owing to their multitargeting nature, safety, and efficacy, natural products have emerged as principal sources for NSCLC therapeutic candidates. This review begins with an exploration of the mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis, proceeds to examine the crosstalk molecules between these processes, and outlines their implications and interactions in NSCLC. Finally, the paper reviews natural products that have been intensively studied against NSCLC targeting autophagy and apoptosis, and summarizes in detail the four most retrieved representative drugs. This paper clarifies good therapeutic effects of natural products in NSCLC by targeting autophagy and apoptosis and aims to promote greater consideration by researchers of natural products as candidates for anti-NSCLC drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Qin
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qingchen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Zu
- Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ruxue Dong
- Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanfu Qi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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2
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Shen Q, Pan X, Li Y, Li J, Zhang C, Jiang X, Liu F, Pang B. Lysosomes, curcumin, and anti-tumor effects: how are they linked? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1220983. [PMID: 37484013 PMCID: PMC10359997 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1220983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural active ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has multi-target characteristics to exert extensive pharmacological activities and thus has been applied in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system, and autoimmune disorders. As an important class of membranous organelles in the intracellular membrane system, lysosomes are involved in biological processes such as programmed cell death, cell metabolism, and immune regulation, thus affecting tumor initiation and progression. It has been shown that curcumin can modulate lysosomal function through the aforementioned pathways, thereby affecting tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune function. This review briefly elaborated the regulatory mechanisms of lysosome biogenesis and summarized curcumin-related studies with its anti-tumor effect, providing a reference for the clinical application of curcumin and anti-tumor research targeting lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shen
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junchen Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Jiang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fudong Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Tang C, Liu J, Yang C, Ma J, Chen X, Liu D, Zhou Y, Zhou W, Lin Y, Yuan X. Curcumin and Its Analogs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Challenges and Expectations. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1636. [PMID: 36358986 PMCID: PMC9688036 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers have made crucial advances in understanding the pathogenesis and therapeutics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), improving our understanding of lung tumor biology and progression. Although the survival of NSCLC patients has improved due to chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, overall NSCLC recovery and survival rates remain low. Thus, there is an urgent need for the continued development of novel NSCLC drugs or combination therapies with less toxicity. Although the anticancer effectiveness of curcumin (Cur) and some Cur analogs has been reported in many studies, the results of clinical trials have been inconsistent. Therefore, in this review, we collected the latest related reports about the anti-NSCLC mechanisms of Cur, its analogs, and Cur in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents via the Pubmed database (accessed on 18 June 2022). Furthermore, we speculated on the interplay of Cur and various molecular targets relevant to NSCLC with discovery studio and collected clinical trials of Cur against NSCLC to clarify the role of Cur and its analogs in NSCLC treatment. Despite their challenges, Cur/Cur analogs may serve as promising therapeutic agents or adjuvants for lung carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyin Tang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, China
| | - Chunsong Yang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banan Second People’s Hospital, Banan District, Chongqing 401320, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Dongwen Liu
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yunzhu Lin
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, China
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Jia L, Lin XR, Guo WY, Huang M, Zhao Y, Zhang YS, Li J. Salvia chinensia Benth induces autophagy in esophageal cancer cells via AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:995344. [PMID: 36120378 PMCID: PMC9478658 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.995344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia chinensia Benth (Shijianchuan in Chinese, SJC) has been used as a traditional anti-cancer herb. SJC showed good anti-esophageal cancer efficacy based on our clinical application. However, the current research on SJC is minimal, and its anti-cancer effect lacks scientific certification. This study aims to clarify the inhibitory effect of SJC on esophageal cancer and explore its underlying mechanism. Q-Orbitrap high-resolution LC/MS was used to identify the primary chemical constituents in SJC. Cell proliferation and colony formation assays showed that SJC could effectively inhibit the growth of esophageal tumor cells in vitro. To clarify its mechanism of action, proteomic and bioinformatic analyses were carried out by combining tandem mass labeling and two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD035823. The results indicated that SJC could activate AMPK signaling pathway and effectively promote autophagy in esophageal cancer cells. Therefore, we further used western blotting to confirm that SJC activated autophagy in esophageal cancer cells through the AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway. The results showed that P-AMPK and P-ULK1 were significantly up-regulated after the treatment with SJC. The ratio of autophagosomes marker proteins LC3II/I was significantly increased. In addition, the expression of the autophagy substrate protein P62 decreased with the degradation of autophagosomes. Using lentiviral transfection of fluorescent label SensGFP-StubRFP-LC3 protein and revalidation of LC3 expression before and after administration by laser confocal microscopy. Compared with the control group, the fluorescence expression of the SJC group was significantly enhanced, indicating that it promoted autophagy in esophageal cancer cells. Cell morphology and the formation of autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Our study shows that the tumor suppressor effect of SJC is related to promoting autophagy in esophageal tumor cells via the AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jia
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin-Rong Lin
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wen-Yan Guo
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ming Huang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Li,
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Identification of Compound CB-2 as a Novel Late-Stage Autophagy Inhibitor Exhibits Inhibitory Potency against A549 Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080865. [PMID: 34440609 PMCID: PMC8401303 DOI: 10.3390/life11080865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been recognized as a stress tolerance mechanism that maintains cell viability, which contributes to tumor progression, dormancy, and treatment resistance. The inhibition of autophagy in cancer has the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy. It is therefore of great significance to search for new autophagy inhibitors. In the present study, after screening a series of curcumin derivatives synthesized in our laboratory, (E)-3-((E)-4-chlorobenzylidene)-5-((5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one (CB-2) was selected as a candidate for further study. We found that CB-2 increased the LC3B-II and SQSTM1 levels associated with the accumulation of autophagosomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells. The increased level of LC3B-II induced by CB-2 was neither eliminated when autophagy initiation was suppressed by wortmannin nor further increased when autophagosome degradation was inhibited by chloroquine (CQ). CB-2 enhanced the accumulation of LC3B-II under starvation conditions. Further studies revealed that CB-2 did not affect the levels of the key proteins involved in autophagy induction but significantly blocked the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. High-dose CB-2 induced the apoptosis and necrosis of A549 cells, while a lower dose of CB-2 mainly impaired the migrative capacity of A549 cells, which only slightly induced cell apoptosis. CB-2 increased the levels of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) while decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Scavenging ROS via N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed CB-2-induced autophagy inhibition and its inhibitory effect against A549 cells. In conclusion, CB-2 serves as a new late-stage autophagy inhibitor, which has a strong inhibitory potency against A549 cells.
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6
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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Almatroodi SA, Alkurbi MO, Basfar GT, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Approaches of Dysregulating Lysosome Functions in Cancer Cells by Specific Drugs and Its Nanoformulations: A Smart Approach of Modern Therapeutics. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5065-5098. [PMID: 34345172 PMCID: PMC8324981 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The smart strategy of cancer cells to bypass the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway has led to the discovery of novel anti-cancer approaches including the targeting of lysosomes. Recent discoveries observed that lysosomes perform far beyond just recycling of cellular waste, as these organelles are metabolically very active and mediate several signalling pathways to sense the cellular metabolic status. These organelles also play a significant role in mediating the immune system functions. Thus, direct or indirect lysosome-targeting with different drugs can be considered a novel therapeutic approach in different disease including cancer. Recently, some anticancer lysosomotropic drugs (eg, nortriptyline, siramesine, desipramine) and their nanoformulations have been engineered to specifically accumulate within these organelles. These drugs can enhance lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) or disrupt the activity of resident enzymes and protein complexes, like v-ATPase and mTORC1. Other anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, quinacrine, chloroquine and DQ661 have also been used which act through multi-target points. In addition, autophagy inhibitors, ferroptosis inducers and fluorescent probes have also been used as novel theranostic agents. Several lysosome-specific drug nanoformulations like mixed charge and peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au-ZnO hybrid NPs, TPP-PEG-biotin NPs, octadecyl-rhodamine-B and cationic liposomes, etc. have been synthesized by diverse methods. These nanoformulations can target cathepsins, glucose-regulated protein 78, or other lysosome specific proteins in different cancers. The specific targeting of cancer cell lysosomes with drug nanoformulations is quite recent and faces tremendous challenges like toxicity concerns to normal tissues, which may be resolved in future research. The anticancer applications of these nanoformulations have led them up to various stages of clinical trials. Here in this review article, we present the recent updates about the lysosome ultrastructure, its cross-talk with other organelles, and the novel strategies of targeting this organelle in tumor cells as a recent innovative approach of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad O Alkurbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaiyda Talal Basfar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Salehi M, Movahedpour A, Tayarani A, Shabaninejad Z, Pourhanifeh MH, Mortezapour E, Nickdasti A, Mottaghi R, Davoodabadi A, Khan H, Savardashtaki A, Mirzaei H. Therapeutic potentials of curcumin in the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2557-2576. [PMID: 32307773 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is one of the most lethal malignancies that include more than 80% of lung cancer cases worldwide. During the past decades, plants and plant-derived products have attracted great interest in the treatment of various human diseases. Curcumin, the turmeric isolated natural phenolic compound, has shown a promising chemo-preventive and anticancer agent. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin delays the initiation and progression of NSCLC by affecting a wide range of molecular targets and cell signalling pathways including NF-kB, Akt, MAPKS, BCL-2, ROS and microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the poor oral bioavailability and low chemical stability of curcumin remain as major challenges in the utilisation of this compound as a therapeutic agent. Different analogs of curcumin and new delivery systems (e.g., micelles, nanoparticles and liposomes) provided promising solutions to overcome these obstacles and improve curcumin pharmacokinetic profile. The present review focuses on current reported studies about anti-NSCLC effects of curcumin. NSCLC involved miRNAs whose expression is regulated by curcumin has also been discussed. Furthermore, recent researches on the use of curcumin analogs and delivery systems to enhance the curcumin benefits in NSCLC are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Salehi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Tayarani
- Student research committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Erfan Mortezapour
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Nickdasti
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Reza Mottaghi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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8
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Sun J, Jiang T, Xu W, Feng Z, Quan X, Leng P, Sun W, Zhao J, Jing F, Li J. Quantification of 1D, a novel derivative of curcumin with potential antitumor activity, in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:287-294. [PMID: 31017510 PMCID: PMC6493276 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1603243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT 1 D is a novel derivative of curcumin and shows very promising antitumor activities in various cancer cell lines. OBJECTIVE To characterize its preclinical pharmacokinetic profiles, a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of 1 D in rat plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS An aliquot of 50 μL plasma sample was processed by protein precipitation with methanol. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) with a gradient elution system (water/0.1% formic acid and methanol). Detection was performed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode. The optimized fragmentation transition for 1 D was m/z 491.2 → 361.2. RESULTS The method was linear over the concentration range of 5-1000 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 9.8% and the accuracy was within ± 14.5%. The mean recovery of 1 D ranged from 102.5 to 105.9%. No matrix effects and significant sample loss during sample processing were observed. The validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after intravenous administration of 1 D. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters, including half-life (t1/2), apparent volume of distribution (Vz), clearance (CLz), and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-t)) were 4.92 h, 46.56 L/kg, 6.33 L/h/kg, and 806.70 μg/L/h, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated that 1 D displayed favourable pharmacokinetic properties for further in vivo pharmacologic evaluation, which could be facilitated by the validated LC-MS/MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Zhangying Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xianghua Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Ping Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Fanbo Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
- CONTACT Fanbo Jing
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
- Jing Li Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao266003, PR China
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Mohammadinejad R, Ahmadi Z, Tavakol S, Ashrafizadeh M. Berberine as a potential autophagy modulator. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14914-14926. [PMID: 30770555 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Today, pharmacognosy is considered a valuable science in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Among herbals, Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in the Berberis species. Surprisingly, it shows antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, it diminishes drug resistance in cancer therapy and enhances tumor suppression in part through autophagy and cell cycle arrest mechanisms. In the present review, we discuss the effect of berberine on diverse cellular pathways and describe how berberine acts as an autophagy modulator to adjust physiologic and pathologic conditions and diminishes drug resistance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad Branch, Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Calabrese EJ, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Mattson MP, Rattan SIS. Curcumin and hormesis with particular emphasis on neural cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:399-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Deng S, Shanmugam MK, Kumar AP, Yap CT, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Targeting autophagy using natural compounds for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancer 2019; 125:1228-1246. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Muthu K. Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore
- Cancer Program, Medical Science Cluster Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute National University Health System Singapore
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth West Australia Australia
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute National University Health System Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
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12
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Zhou G, Shi Y, Wei L, Sun G. Autophagy induction and antiproliferative effect of a novel curcumin derivative MOMI‐1 on the human lung cancer cells A549. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22280. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Zhou Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou China
| | - Yan‐Yan Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou China
| | - Lin‐Lin Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou China
| | - Gang‐Chun Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou China
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13
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Shakeri A, Cicero AFG, Panahi Y, Mohajeri M, Sahebkar A. Curcumin: A naturally occurring autophagy modulator. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5643-5654. [PMID: 30239005 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative process that plays a pivotal role in several medical conditions associated with infection, cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, and metabolic disorders. Its interplay with cancer development and treatment resistance is complicated and paramount for drug design since an autophagic response can lead to tumor suppression by enhancing cellular integrity and tumorigenesis by improving tumor cell survival. In addition, autophagy denotes the cellular ability of adapting to stress though it may end up in apoptosis activation when cells are exposed to a very powerful stress. Induction of autophagy is a therapeutic option in cancer and many anticancer drugs have been developed to this aim. Curcumin as a hydrophobic polyphenol compound extracted from the known spice turmeric has different pharmacological effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. Many reports exist reporting that curcumin is capable of triggering autophagy in several cancer cells. In this review, we will focus on how curcumin can target autophagy in different cellular settings that may extend our understanding of new pharmacological agents to overcome relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Yan P, Sun X, Chen X, Chen Y, Wang X, Su D, Zhou H, Gao L, Lu L, Wang J, Zhang J. The Polyphenolic Compound Curcumin Conjugation with an Alkyne Moiety in the Process of Autophagy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:673-687. [PMID: 29614882 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from turmeric: the rhizome of the herb Curcumalonga. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process, in which cellular proteins and organelles are engulfed in autophagosome and then fuses with lysosome for degradation. Our previous study showed that Curcumin activates lysosome and induce autophagy through inhibition of AKT (protein kinase K, PKB)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. But whether Curucmin affects the fusion of autophagosome-lysosome is still not clear. Here, we used Curcumin-probe conjugation with an alkyne moiety to label mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and found that Curcumin targets autophagy-related proteins, enhances autophagic flux and activates lysosome in cells. Moreover, Curcumin treatment promotes the fusion of autophasosome-lysosome in MEFs. Second, the enhanced fusion of autophagosome-lysosome is attributed to mTOR suppression. Third, blockage of the autophagosome-lysosome fusion leads to cell growth inhibition by Curcumin. Taken together, data from our study indicates the importance of the fusion of autophagosome-lysosome in Curcumin-induced autophagy, which may facilitate the development of Curcumin as a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Putuo District People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Zhou GZ, Li AF, Sun YH, Sun GC. A novel synthetic curcumin derivative MHMM-41 induces ROS-mediated apoptosis and migration blocking of human lung cancer cells A549. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:391-398. [PMID: 29674274 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many curcumin derivatives were produced and characterized to improve the physiochemical instability and low solubility of curcumin. Here, MHMM-41 (a novel curcumin derivative) was used to treat non-small lung cancer cells of human (known as A549) and to identify its anti-proliferative activities. Our results suggested that MHMM-41 display no significant cytotoxicity toward normal human lung fibroblast 2BS cells and mouse embryonal fibroblast 3T3 cells. It also had better anti-proliferative activity than curcumin in A549 cells. Further study showed a significant increase of apoptotic A549 cells in time and dose dependent manners. The activation of caspase-3, 8, 9, 12, Bax and PARP proteins were detected. Consequently, MHMM-41 treatment led to the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential by JC-1 staining and characteristic nuclei fragmentation by Hoechst 33,342 staining, respectively, which showed that A549 apoptosis could be triggered by the extrinsic and intrinsic mitochondrial pathways. The release of ROS was also measured by flow cytometry. Further, wound healing assay and transwell experiments confirmed the anti-migration ability of MHMM-41 in A549 cells. Our current study suggested the potentials of MHMM-41 to inhibit the A549 cell proliferation. However, the intensive mechanical research on the anti-proliferation of A549 cells needs to be performed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhou Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - A-Fang Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yan-He Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Gang-Chun Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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16
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Lozano-Cruz T, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, Ortega P. New bow-tie cationic carbosilane dendritic system with a curcumin core as an anti-breast cancer agent. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A water soluble “bow-tie” cationic carbosilane dendrimer with curcumin in the core displays antioxidant and antitumoral activities against breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Lozano-Cruz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica. Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Campus Universitario
- E-28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica. Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Campus Universitario
- E-28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - F. Javier de la Mata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica. Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Campus Universitario
- E-28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica. Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Campus Universitario
- E-28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
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17
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Zhou GZ, Shi YY, Cui LS, Li AF, Wang QQ, Liu M. Oxymatrine induces A549 human non‑small lung cancer cell apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1071-1076. [PMID: 29115629 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine is one of the primary natural compounds extracted from the Sophora flavescens, and has been reported to exhibit numerous pharmacological properties including cancer‑preventive and anti‑cancer effects, however the mechanisms as to how oxymatrine exhibits anti‑proliferative activity in non‑small cell lung carcinoma cells remains uncertain. The present study aimed to explore the mechanism of its anti‑cancer effect, and whether it is due to apoptosis induction and anti‑migration in the A549 lung cancer cell line. Detection of morphological alterations, MTT analysis, Hoechst/propidium iodide dual staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays verified that oxymatrine induced A549 cell apoptosis. The caspase pan‑inhibitor z‑VAD‑FMK resulted in disappearance of oxymatrine‑elicited nuclei fragmentation via Hoechst 33342 staining. JC‑1 staining demonstrated a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential which further verified the induction of apoptosis by oxymatrine. The caspase‑3, 8 and 9 activities of oxymatrine‑treated cells were activated, which suggested that extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways were involved in the anti‑proliferative effects of oxymatrine in A549 cells. Furthermore, the wound healing assay verified the anti‑migratory effects of oxymatrine in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhou Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Su Cui
- Laboratory of Morphology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - A-Fang Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
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18
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Milani A, Basirnejad M, Shahbazi S, Bolhassani A. Carotenoids: biochemistry, pharmacology and treatment. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1290-1324. [PMID: 27638711 PMCID: PMC5429337 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids and retinoids have several similar biological activities such as antioxidant properties, the inhibition of malignant tumour growth and the induction of apoptosis. Supplementation with carotenoids can affect cell growth and modulate gene expression and immune responses. Epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between a high carotenoid intake in the diet with a reduced risk of breast, cervical, ovarian, colorectal cancers, and cardiovascular and eye diseases. Cancer chemoprevention by dietary carotenoids involves several mechanisms, including effects on gap junctional intercellular communication, growth factor signalling, cell cycle progression, differentiation-related proteins, retinoid-like receptors, antioxidant response element, nuclear receptors, AP-1 transcriptional complex, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, carotenoids can stimulate the proliferation of B- and T-lymphocytes, the activity of macrophages and cytotoxic T-cells, effector T-cell function and the production of cytokines. Recently, the beneficial effects of carotenoid-rich vegetables and fruits in health and in decreasing the risk of certain diseases has been attributed to the major carotenoids, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, crocin (/crocetin) and curcumin, due to their antioxidant effects. It is thought that carotenoids act in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In this review, we briefly describe the biological and immunological activities of the main carotenoids used for the treatment of various diseases and their possible mechanisms of action. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | | | - Sepideh Shahbazi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
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19
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Gyuris M, Hackler L, Nagy LI, Alföldi R, Rédei E, Marton A, Vellai T, Faragó N, Ózsvári B, Hetényi A, Tóth GK, Sipos P, Kanizsai I, Puskás LG. Mannich Curcuminoids as Potent Anticancer Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 28547897 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel curcuminoids were synthesised for the first time via a Mannich-3CR/organocatalysed Claisen-Schmidt condensation sequence. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were performed by applying viability assays and holographic microscopic imaging to these curcumin analogues for anti-proliferative activity against A549 and H1975 lung adenocarcinoma cells. The TNFα-induced NF-κB inhibition and autophagy induction effects correlated strongly with the cytotoxic potential of the analogues. Significant inhibition of tumour growth was observed when the most potent analogue 44 was added in liposomes at one-sixth of the maximally tolerated dose in the A549 xenograft model. The novel spectrum of activity of these Mannich curcuminoids warrants further preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Annamária Marton
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Faculty of General Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Gábor K Tóth
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Sipos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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20
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Landeros JM, Belmont-Bernal F, Pérez-González AT, Pérez-Padrón MI, Guevara-Salazar P, González-Herrera IG, Guadarrama P. A two-step synthetic strategy to obtain a water-soluble derivative of curcumin with improved antioxidant capacity and in vitro cytotoxicity in C6 glioma cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:351-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lima RT, Sousa D, Paiva AM, Palmeira A, Barbosa J, Pedro M, Pinto MM, Sousa E, Vasconcelos MH. Modulation of Autophagy by a Thioxanthone Decreases the Viability of Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101343. [PMID: 27735867 PMCID: PMC6274546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Our previous studies unveiled the hit thioxanthone TXA1 as an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (drug efflux pump) and of human tumor cells growth, namely of melanoma cells. Since TXA1 is structurally similar to lucanthone (an autophagy inhibitor and apoptosis inducer) and to N10-substituted phenoxazines (isosteres of thioxanthones, and autophagy inducers), this study aimed at further assessing its cytotoxic mechanism and evaluating its potential as an autophagy modulator in A375-C5 melanoma cells; (2) Methods: Flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI) for cell cycle profile analysis; Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI labeling and Western blot for apoptosis analysis were conducted. A pharmacophore approach was used for mapping TXA1 onto pharmacophores for autophagy induction. Autophagy analyses included transmission electron microscopy for visualization of autophagic structures, fluorescence microscopy for observation of monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, pattern of LC3 expression in the cells and acridine orange staining, and Western blot for autophagic proteins expression; (3) Results: TXA1 induced autophagy of melanoma cells at the GI50 concentration (3.6 μM) and apoptosis at twice that concentration. Following treatment with TXA1, autophagic structures were observed, together with the accumulation of autophagosomes and the formation of autophagolysosomes. An increase in LC3-II levels was also observed, which was reverted by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (an early stage autophagy-inhibitor) but further increased by E-64d/pepstatin (late-stage autophagy inhibitors). Finally, 3-MA also reverted the effect of TXA1 in cellular viability; (4) Conclusion: TXA1 decreases the viability of melanoma cells by modulation of autophagy and may, therefore, serve as a lead compound for the development of autophagy modulators with antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel T Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Diana Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana M Paiva
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Barbosa
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, IUCS-Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Pedro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, IUCS-Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Zhang W, Zhang M, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Liu H, Zhou Z, Han B, Chen B, Yao H, Chao J. Neogambogic acid prevents silica-induced fibrosis via inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 and MCP-1-induced protein 1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 309:129-40. [PMID: 27616297 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicosis is a systemic disease caused by inhaling silicon dioxide (SiO2); early stages are characterized by alveolar inflammation, and later stages are characterized by progressive lung fibrosis. Mounting evidence indicates that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Whether neogambogic acid (NGA) inhibits macrophage and fibroblast activation induced by SiO2 by targeting HMGB1 remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments using cultured mouse macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) demonstrated that SiO2 treatment induces the expression of HMGB1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway; in turn, this expression causes macrophage apoptosis and fibroblast activation. Pretreating macrophages with NGA inhibited the HMGB1 expression induced by SiO2 and attenuated both macrophage apoptosis and fibroblast activation. Moreover, NGA directly inhibited MCP-1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) expression, as well as markers of fibroblast activation and migration induced by SiO2. Furthermore, the effects of NGA on macrophages and fibroblasts were confirmed in vivo by exposing mice to SiO2. CONCLUSION NGA can prevent SiO2-induced macrophage activation and apoptosis via HMGB1 inhibition and SiO2-induced fibrosis via the MCPIP1 pathway. Targeting HMGB1 and MCPIP1 with NGA could provide insights into the potential development of a therapeutic approach for alleviating the inflammation and fibrosis induced by SiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Zhongjiang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yusi Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zewei Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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23
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Lewandowska U, Fichna J, Gorlach S. Enhancement of anticancer potential of polyphenols by covalent modifications. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 109:1-13. [PMID: 26776305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As evidenced by a growing number of respective clinical trials, a promising and increasingly valued approach to cancer prevention is chemoprevention which is based on using synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural compounds with the aim of preventing, delaying, arresting, or reversing carcinogenesis. Research carried out in the last two decades indicates that natural polyphenols isolated from plants (as well as their derivatives and synthetic analogs) exhibit pleiotropic actions toward cancer cells and therefore they could be used in both cancer prevention and therapy. This review discusses selected covalent modifications of polyphenols as a means for increasing their anticancer potential in relation to the parent compounds. The modifications include hydroxylation, methylation, acylation, and galloylation, among others. They were demonstrated to enhance cytotoxic, pro-oxidant, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, proautophagic, and antimigratory activities of phenolics toward various cancer cell lines in vitro. Importantly, some derivatives proved to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in animal models more strongly than the parent compounds. Some of the above-mentioned covalent modifications were also shown to increase absorption and tissue distribution of tested phenolic compounds in vivo. Anticancer clinical trials with polyphenol derivatives therefore seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Gorlach
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Chen F, Zhang XH, Hu XD, Zhang W, Lou ZC, Xie LH, Liu PD, Zhang HQ. Enhancement of radiotherapy by ceria nanoparticles modified with neogambogic acid in breast cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4957-69. [PMID: 26316742 PMCID: PMC4542556 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s82980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main strategies for cancer treatment but has significant challenges, such as cancer cell resistance and radiation damage to normal tissue. Radiosensitizers that selectively increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to radiation can enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy. We report here the development of a novel radiosensitizer consisting of monodispersed ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) covered with the anticancer drug neogambogic acid (NGA-CNPs). These were used in conjunction with radiation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and the efficacy and mechanisms of action of this combined treatment approach were evaluated. NGA-CNPs potentiated the toxic effects of radiation, leading to a higher rate of cell death than either treatment used alone and inducing the activation of autophagy and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, while pretreatment with NGA or CNPs did not improve the rate of radiation-induced cancer cells death. However, NGA-CNPs decreased both endogenous and radiation-induced reactive oxygen species formation, unlike other nanomaterials. These results suggest that the adjunctive use of NGA-CNPs can increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy in breast cancer treatment by lowering the radiation doses required to kill cancer cells and thereby minimizing collateral damage to healthy adjacent tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Dan Hu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chao Lou
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hua Xie
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Dang Liu
- Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Qian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Lien JC, Hung CM, Lin YJ, Lin HC, Ko TC, Tseng LC, Kuo SC, Ho CT, Lee JC, Way TD. Pculin02H, a curcumin derivative, inhibits proliferation and clinical drug resistance of HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 235:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhou GZ, Sun GC, Zhang SN. Curcumin derivative HBC induces autophagy through activating AMPK signal in A549 cancer cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-015-0004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Roles of autophagy induced by natural compounds in prostate cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:121826. [PMID: 25821782 PMCID: PMC4364006 DOI: 10.1155/2015/121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism through which intracellular organelles and proteins are degraded and recycled in response to increased metabolic demand or stress. Autophagy dysfunction is often associated with many diseases, including cancer. Because of its role in tumorigenesis, autophagy can represent a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in aged men. The evidence on alterations of autophagy related genes and/or protein levels in PCa cells suggests a potential implication of autophagy in PCa onset and progression. The use of natural compounds, characterized by low toxicity to normal tissue associated with specific anticancer effects at physiological levels in vivo, is receiving increasing attention for prevention and/or treatment of PCa. Understanding the mechanism of action of these compounds could be crucial for the development of new therapeutic or chemopreventive options. In this review we focus on the current evidence showing the capacity of natural compounds to exert their action through autophagy modulation in PCa cells.
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Zhou GZ, Sun GC, Zhang SN. The Interplay between Autophagy and Apoptosis Induced by One Synthetic Curcumin Derivative Hydrazinobenzoylcurcumin in A549 Lung Cancer Cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 29:267-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhou Zhou
- College of Bioengineering; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang-Chun Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Na Zhang
- College of Bioengineering; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
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Prasad S, Gupta SC, Tyagi AK, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin, a component of golden spice: From bedside to bench and back. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1053-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Wang C, Zhang X, Teng Z, Zhang T, Li Y. Downregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in curcumin-induced autophagy in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:312-20. [PMID: 25041840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway, which is essential for cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis. It is well known that beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation is one of key characteristics for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which triggers a complex pathological cascade, leading to neurodegeneration. Recent studies have shown that Aβ peptide is generated from amyloid β precursor protein (APP) during autophagic turnover of APP-rich organelles by autophagy. Aβ generation during normal autophagy is subsequently degraded by lysosomes. Curcumin, a nature plant extraction, has been reported to inhibit the generation and deposition of Aβ; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood yet. In the present study, we reported that curcumin treatment not only attenuated cognitive impairment detected by Morris water maze test, but also inhibited the generation of Aβ investigated by immunohistochemistry in APP/PS1 double transgenic AD mice. Moreover, curcumin induced autophagy in the mice, evidenced by LC3 immunofluorescence analysis and western blot assays on LC3. Furthermore, we found that curcumin significantly decreased the expression of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated Akt and rapamycin (mTOR) at protein levels, respectively. Taken together, our data suggests that curcumin inhibits Aβ generation and induces of autophagy by downregulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and further shows a neuroprotective effect. Meanwhile curcumin might be a candidate neuroprotective agent for AD patients treatment by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yuanjiagang Yixueyuan Road NO. 1, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Yuanjiagang Yixueyuan Road NO. 1, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Yuanjiagang Yixueyuan Road NO. 1, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhipeng Teng
- Department of Pathology, Yuanjiagang Yixueyuan Road NO. 1, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Yuanjiagang Yixueyuan Road NO. 1, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Foreign languages Department, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pathology, Yuanjiagang Yixueyuan Road NO. 1, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Yuanjiagang Yixueyuan Road NO. 1, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Howells LM, Mahale J, Sale S, McVeigh L, Steward WP, Thomas A, Brown K. Translating Curcumin to the Clinic for Lung Cancer Prevention: Evaluation of the Preclinical Evidence for Its Utility in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention Strategies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:483-94. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.216333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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32
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Zhou GZ, Xu SL, Sun GC, Chen XB. Novel curcumin analogue IHCH exhibits potent anti‑proliferative effects by inducing autophagy in A549 lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:441-6. [PMID: 24788478 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound that exhibits strong antioxidant and anticancer activities; however, low bioavailability has restricted its application in chemotherapeutic trials. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of the novel curcumin derivative 2E,6E‑2‑(1H‑indol‑3‑yl) methylene)‑6‑(4‑hydroxy‑3‑methoxy benzylidene)‑cyclohexanone (IHCH) on A549 lung cancer cells. Cells were treated with IHCH at different concentrations (1‑40 µM) for different time periods (1‑36 h). Microscopic analysis revealed that IHCH inhibited A549 cell growth and induced the formation of characteristic autophagolysosomes in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibitory rate of IHCH (40 µM) on A549 cell viability was 77.34% after 36 h of treatment. Acridine orange staining revealed an increase in autophagic vacuoles in the IHCH‑treated A549 cells. Monodansylcadaverine staining was used to analyze autophagy rate. Immunocytochemistry revealed an increase in light chain (LC) 3 protein expression in the IHCH‑treated cells and western blot analysis detected the conversion of LC3‑I to LC3‑II, as well as the recruitment of LC3 to autophagosomes in the cytoplasmatic compartment, suggesting the occurrence of autophagy. These findings show that IHCH induced autophagy in A549 cells, which is a novel cell death mechanism induced by curcumin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhou Zhou
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Su-Li Xu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Gang-Chun Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
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