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Noorulla K, Doyo Dalecha D, Jemal Haji M, S R, Arumugam M, Zafar A, Gadisa Gobena W, Mekit S, Haji Negawo H, Hussein M, Fekadu Demessie H, Yasir M. Syrupy herbal formulation of green bean pod extract of Phaseolus vulgaris L.: Formulation optimization by central composite design, and evaluation for anti-urolithiatic activity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27330. [PMID: 38495171 PMCID: PMC10943400 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The green bean pods of Phaseolus vulgaris L. are traditionally used as a folk remedy for treating calcium oxalate kidney stones. The current research aimed to develop a syrup formulation containing green bean pod extract for anti-urolithiatic activity. The syrup was prepared using a simple blending method and optimized through a central composite design (CCD) with two independent variables: the ratio of pod juice (PJ) to sugar solution (SS) ranging from 1:0.5 to 1:1.5, and the percentage of CMC from 0.2% to 0.4% w/v. These variables were analyzed for their impact on viscosity (CP) and sedimentation percentage, helping to identify the best formulation out of 13 variants. The finalized formulation (F-opt) underwent assessment for physicochemical characteristics such as organoleptic properties, viscosity, density, sedimentation rate, and stability. Additionally, a microbiological assessment was performed utilizing the spread plate method. Further, it was evaluated for in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo anti-urolithiatic activity in rat models for 28 days and compared with that of the reference standard (Cystone syrup). Additionally, acute toxicity was assessed in albino Swiss mice. Histopathological evaluations were then conducted on the kidneys of the Wistar rats that had been used for the in vivo studies, providing insight into the treatment effects on kidney tissue structure. The optimized formulation (F-opt) was a green, viscous, clear syrup with a pH of 5.8, a viscosity of 256.38 CP, a density of 1.31 g/ml, and a sedimentation rate of 0.69%. The optimized formulation was found to be stable, showing no significant changes in physicochemical and microbiological properties. The results of the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo anti-urolithiatic studies indicated that the optimized formulation effectively inhibited the aggregation of calcium oxalate. The acute toxicity studies revealed no mortality or adverse effects for both the optimized formulation and pure bean pod juice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Histopathological examination revealed that rats treated with the optimized formulation exhibited a significant reduction in both the number and size of calcium oxalate deposits within various parts of the renal tubules. It can be concluded that the syrupy formulation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. green bean pod extract demonstrated significant anti-urolithiatic activity. This activity could be due to its diuretic properties and its ability to inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. However, limitations of the study included a lack of elucidation of the mechanism and limited generalizability of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.M. Noorulla
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Debesa Doyo Dalecha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Misbahu Jemal Haji
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Roshan S
- Deccan School of Pharmacy, Darussalam Aghapura, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manikandan Arumugam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shimelis Mekit
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Hussein Haji Negawo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammednur Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Hailu Fekadu Demessie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
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Manjiri MA, Asadpour AA, Yousefi M, Jamali J, Davachi B, Ahmadpour MR, Salari R. The effects of Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae family) and Dolichos biflorus (Fabaceae family) extracts on decreasing size and excretion of kidney and urinary tract stones: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:214-222. [PMID: 35938937 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given high and growing prevalence rate of urolithiasis in most societies as well as the problems caused by this issue, it is necessary to apply more cost-effective and safer therapeutic methods, which are accessible for all the individuals worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate efficacy of herbal medicines named Cynodon dactylon and Dolichos biflorus on solving and excretion of renal and urinary tract stones in patients with urolithiasis. METHODS This study included 96 patients with urolithiasis who were randomly allocated into three groups. The first group received the extract of D. biflorus seeds (1,600 mg), the second group received extract of C. dactylon rhizome (1,600 mg) and the third group received placebo for 21 days. In this study, we used an hydroalcoholic extract of D. biflorus and C. dactylon prepared by Soxhlet method. For each patient, the size of the stones, the amount of calcium in the urine, the number of stones excreted and their chemical substance type were measured. RESULTS In this study, changes were observed at the significance level in the interventions groups of 1 and 2, and the placebo group in the left kidney, so that changes in size of the stone in left kidney as intergroup were significantly different in these three groups (p=0.02). The mean of changes in stone size in left kidney in the group C. dactylon was 3.78 ± 7.1 and in the group D. biflorus, it was 0.27 ± 0.6. CONCLUSIONS A significant difference in the results of this study show that C. dactylon rhizome and D. biflorus seed extracts are able to decrease the size of the stone and can be effective on kidney stones excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azad Manjiri
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Asadpour
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Yousefi
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Jamali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behrooz Davachi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadpour
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roshanak Salari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Athesh K, Agnel Arul John N, Sridharan G, Brindha P, Alanazi AM, Rengasamy KRR, Balamuralikrishnan B, Liu WC, Vijaya Anand A. Protective Effect of Dolichos biflorus Seed Extract on 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:1-14. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/6251200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to be one of the severe health issues worldwide, as its prevalence continues to rise as well as its association with other chronic diseases worsens. Even though various approaches have been underway to prevent or treat obesity, alternative approaches are in need to combat this chronic condition because of the unsatisfactory effectiveness and adverse side effects of the existing approaches. Dolichos biflorus L. seeds have been employed as a weight-loss treatment in folk medicine. Considering the necessity to develop a safe alternative remedy to rising obesity, the current investigation has been set up to assess the antiobesity potential and the mode of action of the aqueous seed extract of D. biflorus (ASEDB) in a cell line (3T3-L1) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rats. For in-vitro studies, 3T3-L1 cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) augmented with adipogenic-inducing medium and the influence of the extract (10 µg/mL–500 µg/mL) on 3T3-L1 adipocyte viability, adipogenesis, and lipolysis was assessed. An in-vitro study revealed maintenance of cell viability, reduced triglycerides (TG) accumulation, and promoted lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells by ASEDB. Following in-vitro analysis, the HFD-induced obese rats were treated with ASEDB at different concentrations (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) for 60 days and the effect was evaluated through various anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The findings revealed a significant decrement in total body weight, organ weights, fat pad weights, and restoration of abnormal levels of glucose, leptin, insulin, lipid markers, and antioxidant system to normal by ASEDB treatment. Also, pancreatic lipase inhibition analysis of ASEDB revealed a modest level of inhibition with an IC50 value of 213.3 µg/mL. All these findings exposed that ASEDB possesses pronounced antiobesity potential and exhibits its protective effect by suppressing food intake, reducing fat digestion and absorption, limiting adipogenesis, enhancing lipolysis, and alleviating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaraswamy Athesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nayagam Agnel Arul John
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunagarajan Sridharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pemiah Brindha
- The Centre for Advanced Research in Indian Systems of Medicine (CARISM), SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kannan R. R. Rengasamy
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Arumugam Vijaya Anand
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
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Saha S, Mishra A. Rutin-loaded polymeric nanorods alleviate nephrolithiasis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Food Funct 2022; 13:3632-3648. [PMID: 35262112 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02644e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycrystalline aggregates formed in the glomerulus or other components of the urinary system represent the most critical step in kidney stone formation. The most common form of these crystals is calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaC2O4·H2O). Rutin is a potent antioxidant phytochemical, however, hydrophobicity and limited bioavailability restrain it from clinical applications. We developed a biocompatible amphiphilic triblock copolymer, PLGA-PEG-PLGA-loaded rutin nanorods, by simple and efficient self-assembly. Incorporation of polymer changed the topology of crystalline rutin into nanorods with non-Fickian sustained drug release kinetics by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and thermodynamically non-spontaneous release of rutin. Rutin nanorods changed the growth and morphology of CaC2O4 crystals from the monohydrate to dihydrate form by increased adsorption and specific surface area from 0.8027 to 5.4233 m2 g-1, respectively. Rutin nanorods restored cell viability and oxidative stress in MDCK cells by modulating OPN expression and counteracts the proinflammatory signaling in THP-1 macrophages triggered by CaC2O4 crystals (80 μg cm-2). Rutin nanorods resulted in significant protection in serum and urinary biochemistry with reduced calcifications and increased tissue viability of kidneys without any toxicity and achieved high bioavailability. Our data provide a facile strategy for the use of rutin nanorods as a targeted drug system to treat and prevent renal stone formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, India.
| | - Abhijit Mishra
- Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, India.
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5
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Khan A, Bashir S, Khan SR. Antiurolithic effects of medicinal plants: results of in vivo studies in rat models of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis-a systematic review. Urolithiasis 2021; 49:95-122. [PMID: 33484322 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-020-01236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Urolithiasis is one of the oldest diseases affecting humans, while plants are one of our oldest companions providing food, shelter, and medicine. In spite of substantial progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms, treatment options are still limited, often expensive for common people in most parts of the world. As a result, there is a great interest in herbal remedies for the treatment of urinary stone disease as an alternative or adjunct therapy. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been carried out to understand the efficacy of herbs in reducing stone formation. We adopted PRISMA guidelines and systematically reviewed PubMed/Medline for the literature, reporting results of various herbal products on in vivo models of nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis. The Medical Subject Heading Terms (Mesh term) "Urolithiasis" was used with Boolean operator "AND" and other related Mesh Unique terms to search all the available records (July 2019). A total of 163 original articles on in vivo experiments were retrieved from PubMed indexed with the (MeshTerm) "Urolithiasis" AND "Complementary Therapies/Alternative Medicine, "Urolithiasis" AND "Plant Extracts" and "Urolithiasis" AND "Traditional Medicine". Most of the studies used ethylene glycol (EG) to induce hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis in rats. A variety of extraction methods including aqueous, alcoholic, hydro-alcoholic of various plant parts ranging from root bark to fruits and seeds, or a combination thereof, were utilized. All the investigations did not study all aspects of nephrolithiasis making it difficult to compare the efficacy of various treatments. Changes in the lithogenic factors and a reduction in calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition in the kidneys were, however, considered favorable outcomes of the various treatments. Less than 10% of the studies examined antioxidant and diuretic activities of the herbal treatments and concluded that their antiurolithic activities were a result of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or diuretic effects of the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslam Khan
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samra Bashir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed R Khan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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6
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Stiani SN, Syahidah FM, Fikriani H, Subarnas A, Rusdiana T. Anticalculi Activity of Apigenin and Celery ( Apium graveolens L.) Extract in Rats Induced by Ethylene Glycol-Ammonium Chloride. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 11:S556-S561. [PMID: 32148363 PMCID: PMC7020841 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_202_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) is one of the kidney diseases in the form of stones that contain crystal and organic matrix components. It is one of the most common diseases of the urinary tract. Calcium stone is the most important type of stone (80%) found in the case of kidney stones. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a plant rich in flavonoids, which can break down calcium crystals. Apigenin is considered to be one of the main flavonoids because of its presence and abundance in celery. This research aimed to compare the anticalculi effect of apigenin with that of celery extract. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats were given ethylene glycol 0.75% (vol/vol) and ammonium chloride 2% (wt/vol) orally for 7 days in all groups to induce hyperoxaluria and Rats treated by Apigenin at doses 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 mg/kg of rat body weight and celery extract at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of rat body weight as anticalculi. Measurements of calcium levels in the kidneys and urine of rats was obtained using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Data obtained were statistically analyzed with the IBM SPSS by ANOVA Method version 21.0 probability value < 0.05 was considered significant. Result: The results showed that both apigenin and celery extracts caused kidney stone to decay. From the data Apigenin and celery showed that calcium level in urine there were significant differences (p value < 0.05) in treated group from negative control group but calcium level in kidney there were not significant differences (p value > 0.05). Conclusion: Celery extract has better ability to break down kidney stones than apigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi N Stiani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacetical Technology, Salsabila Institute of Health Sciences, Serang, Indonesia
| | - Fillah M Syahidah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Hanindhiya Fikriani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Anas Subarnas
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Taofik Rusdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Aditya JP, Bhartiya A, Chahota RK, Joshi D, Chandra N, Kant L, Pattanayak A. Ancient orphan legume horse gram: a potential food and forage crop of future. PLANTA 2019; 250:891-909. [PMID: 31115659 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring crops to withstand rising temperature and declining precipitation may be unrewarding, therefore the potential of alternative undervalued crops such as horse gram can be explored for safeguarding food and nutritional security with health benefits in the era of climate change. Horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc] under the family Fabaceae, has been cultivated for food, folklore medicine and fodder mainly by rural and tribal communities since prehistoric times in Asian and African countries. This valuable ancient legume not only offers diversification and resilience to agro-ecosystems but it also possesses high adaptation in risk-prone traditional farming systems in marginal environments of semi-arid and arid regions. Being a nutrient dense legume with remedial health-promoting effects due to the presence of various bioactive compounds, it is suitable for the development of functional food as well as for addressing micronutrient deficiencies among poor rural communities. Despite its enormous potential and a growing awareness about the utility of this underutilized crop for future climate adaptation and human well-being, this legume continues to be seriously neglected and labelled as "food of the poors". India is the major producer of horse gram and presently, cultivation of horse gram remains confined to small-scale farming systems as an inter- or mixed crop. This crop is alienated from mainstream agriculture and relegated to a status of "underutilized" due to its limited competitiveness as compared to other commercial crops. Besides a scanty basic research on this crop, no attention has been paid to the factors like improvement of plant type, yield improvement, processing, value addition to suit consumer needs and reduction of anti-nutritional factors, which restricted the diffusion of this crop outside its niche area. The present review therefore is an attempt to compile the meagre information available on crop history, evolution, genetic enhancement, nutritional and health benefits to make the crop competitive and revitalize horse gram cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Aditya
- ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India
| | - Anuradha Bhartiya
- ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India.
| | - Rakesh K Chahota
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur, India
| | - Dinesh Joshi
- ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India
| | - Nirmal Chandra
- ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India
| | - Lakshmi Kant
- ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India
| | - Arunava Pattanayak
- ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India
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8
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Saha S, Verma RJ. Molecular interactions of active constituents of essential oils in zwitterionic lipid bilayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 213:76-87. [PMID: 29596800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eugenol and its related compounds are major active constituents of essential oils and have been extensively used as food flavoring agents with significant lipid peroxidation inhibition activity, highlighting the importance of understanding detailed molecular mechanisms behind their interactions with lipid bilayer. For this, we studied antioxidant activity of essential oils rich extract of Cinnamomum tamala leaves and molecular dynamics simulations of eugenol, isoeugenol, methyleugenol, acetyleugenol and eugenol oxide in POPC and PLPC lipid bilayers. All the compounds penetrated into bilayer however, isoeugenol showed highest affinity for the pure POPC and PLPC bilayers with lowest free energy profiles, formed more H-bonds with bilayer oxygen atoms and more pronounced changes in area per lipid and thickness of the bilayer, thus more efficient for scavenging radicals coming from outside as well as centrally located lipid peroxyl radicals. These molecular interactions rationalize the difference in inhibition activities of lipid peroxidation by eugenol and its related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380 009, India.
| | - Ramtej J Verma
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380 009, India
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9
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Yousefi Ghale-Salimi M, Eidi M, Ghaemi N, Khavari-Nejad RA. Antiurolithiatic effect of the taraxasterol on ethylene glycol induced kidney calculi in male rats. Urolithiasis 2017; 46:419-428. [PMID: 29189886 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-017-1023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Taraxasterol is one of the important constituents of Taraxacum officinale L. (Compositae) with antioxidant potential. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the antiurolithiatic effects of taraxasterol and potassium citrate in the ethylene glycol induced urolithiatic rat. Urolithiasis was induced by ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol in adult male rats. Taraxasterol (2, 4 and 8 mg/kg) and potassium citrate (2.5 g/kg) were treated for 33 days by gavage. Then, the animals were anesthetized and weighted and blood, urine, liver and kidney sampling were done. The kidney sections were prepared by hematoxylin & eosin staining. The liver and kidney coefficients, urine pH, calcium, magnesium, oxalate and citrate levels, serum albumin, calcium and magnesium levels, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum, kidney and liver, number of calcium oxalate crystal deposits, score of crystal deposits, score of histopathological damages and score of inflammation in kidney sections were evaluated. The results showed that taraxasterol decreased liver and kidney coefficients (p < 0.001), serum calcium (p < 0.01) level, serum alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05) activities, urine magnesium (p < 0.05) and oxalate (p < 0.001) levels, number of crystal deposits (p < 0.001), score of crystal deposits (p < 0.01), score of histopathological damages (p < 0.001) and score of inflammation (p < 0.01) in kidney sections, while increased urine pH (p < 0.01), calcium (p < 0.001) and citrate (p < 0.05), serum magnesium (p < 0.001) and albumin (p < 0.01) levels, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in serum (p < 0.01), kidney (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) and liver (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) tissue homogenates in treated urolithiatic rats in comparison to the control urolithiatic rats. The effect of potassium citrate is the same as taraxasterol in treated urolithiatic rats. In conclusion, the effect of taraxasterol could be by improving liver function, changing serum and urine parameters, maintaining the antioxidant environment, reducing crystal deposition, excretion of small deposits from kidney and reducing the chance of them being retained in the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Eidi
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva, Iran.
| | - Nasser Ghaemi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Khavari-Nejad
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Li X, Wang W, Su Y, Yue Z, Bao J. Inhibitory effect of an aqueous extract of Radix Paeoniae Alba on calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in a rat model. Ren Fail 2017; 39:120-129. [PMID: 28085537 PMCID: PMC6014290 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1254658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the effect of an aqueous extract of Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) on the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones and the potential mechanism underlying the effect. Materials and methods: An in vitro assay was used to determine whether the RPA extract prevents the formation of CaOx or promotes CaOx dissolution. We also investigated the efficacy of the extract in vivo as a preventive and therapeutic agent for experimentally induced CaOx nephrolithiasis in rats. Various biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were assessed in kidney tissue and urine at the end of the in vivo experiment. Results: Significant dissolution of formed crystals (8.99 ± 1.43) and inhibition of crystal formation (2.55 ± 0.21) were observed in vitro after treatment with 64 mg/mL of the RPA extract compared with a control treatment (55.10 ± 4.98 and 54.57 ± 5.84, respectively) (p < .05). In preventive protocols, the RPA extract significantly reduced urinary and renal oxalate levels and increased urinary calcium and citrate levels compared to the control. In addition, the RPA preventive protocol significantly decreased osteopontin expression, renal crystallization, and pathological changes compared to the control. These changes were not observed in rats on the therapeutic protocol. Conclusions: RPA is a useful agent that prevents the formation of CaOx kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Li
- a Department of Urology , Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Gansu , China
| | - Wenyun Wang
- b Department of Pediatric Surgery , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Gansu , China
| | - Yu Su
- c First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University , Gansu Province , China
| | - Zhongjin Yue
- a Department of Urology , Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Gansu , China
| | - Junsheng Bao
- a Department of Urology , Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Gansu , China
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Antiurolithiasis Activity of Bioactivity Guided Fraction of Bergenia ligulata against Ethylene Glycol Induced Renal Calculi in Rat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1969525. [PMID: 28349055 PMCID: PMC5352974 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1969525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dried rhizome of Bergenia ligulata (pashanbhed) is commonly used as a traditional herbal medicine with a wide range of therapeutic applications including urolithiasis. Aqueous extract of B. ligulata was prepared through maceration followed by decoction (mother extract, 35.9% w/w). Further, polarity based fractions were prepared successively from mother extract which yielded 3.4, 2.9, 5.4, 7.5, and 11.3% w/w of hexane, toluene, dichloromethane (DCM), n-butanol, and water fractions, respectively. The in vitro, ex vivo, and real-time antiurolithiasis activity of mother extract and fractions were carried out using aggregation assay in synthetic urine and in rat plasma. The study revealed that DCM fraction has significantly (p < 0.05) greater inhibitory potential than other fractions. Ethylene glycol in drinking water (0.75%, v/v) for 28 days was used for induction of urolithiasis and the curative effects of mother extract and DCM fraction were checked for the level of oxalate, calcium, creatinine, uric acid, and urea of both urine and serum. Treatment with mother extract and DCM fraction at a dose of 185 mg/kg and 7 mg/kg, respectively, in ethylene glycol induced rats resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum and urine markers. Histological study revealed lower number of calcium oxalate deposits with minimum damage in the kidneys of mother extract and DCM fraction treated rats. This result provides a scientific basis for its traditional claims.
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Ghelani H, Chapala M, Jadav P. Diuretic and antiurolithiatic activities of an ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus L. rhizome in experimental animal models. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 6:431-436. [PMID: 27774431 PMCID: PMC5067935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acorus calamus is a plant commonly used as a traditional herbal medicine and possesses the wide range of pharmacological applications. The present study investigated the diuretic and antiurolithiatic activities of an ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus L. (Family: Araceae) rhizome (EEAC). For diuretic activity, three doses of EEAC (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg) were studied, and measurement of the urinary volume and electrolytes (Na+ and K+) concentration were taken as evaluation parameters. On the other hand, ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis (0.75% v/v in drinking water for 28 days) was used to study the antiurolithiatic effect of EEAC at the oral dose of 750 mg/kg in male Wistar albino rats. CYSTONE (750 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as a standard reference drug in the present study. After completion of the 28-days respective treatments, the level of various urolithiatic promoters in the biological samples (urine, serum and kidney homogenate) and renal function were used as criteria for assessing the antiurolithiatic effect of EEAC. Results indicate that, the EEAC (750 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant increase in urine volume (p < 0.001) and urinary excretion of Na+ and K+ electrolytes (p < 0.05) in a pattern comparable to that of furosemide. In ethylene glycol induced urolithiatic model, EEAC significantly (p < 0.05) decreased excretion and deposition of various urolithiatic promoters as compared to urolithiatic control in a pattern comparable to that of CYSTONE. The EEAC supplementation also prevents the impairment of renal functions. The antiurolithiatic mechanism is mediated possibly through diuretic and nephroprotective actions of the active compounds of rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Ghelani
- Department of Pharmacology, S. J. Thakkar Pharmacy College, Kalawad Road, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
- The National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, NSW 2751, Australia
- Corresponding author. The National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia. Tel.: +61 2 4620 3269.
| | - Maunik Chapala
- Department of Pharmacology, S. J. Thakkar Pharmacy College, Kalawad Road, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinakin Jadav
- Department of Pharmacology, S. J. Thakkar Pharmacy College, Kalawad Road, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
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Evaluation of hydro-alcoholic extract of Dolichos biflorus seeds on inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization. J Herb Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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