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dela Cruz TEE, Timbreza LP, Sangvichien E, Notarte KIR, Santiago KAA. Comparative Study on the Antimicrobial Activities and Metabolic Profiles of Five Usnea Species from the Philippines. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1117. [PMID: 37998922 PMCID: PMC10672636 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics. Hence, there is a need to search for new sources of antibiotics that either exhibit novel structures or express a new mechanism of action. The lichen Usnea, with its wide range of unique, biologically potent secondary metabolites, may solve this problem. In this study, Usnea species were collected in the Northern Philippines, identified through combined morphological and biochemical characterization, and tested for antimicrobial activities against the multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens, i.e., Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae, two standard antibiotic-sensitive test bacteria, and a yeast. A total of 46 lichen specimens were collected and later identified as Usnea baileyi (10), U. diffracta (10), U. glabrata (12), U. longissima (4), and U. rubicunda (10). The results show that the crude extracts of the Usnea species exhibited promising in vitro inhibitory activities against standard antibiotic-sensitive (E. faecalis ATCC 29212) and multidrug-resistant (methicillin-resistant S. aureus and E. faecalis) Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, lichen compounds of representative specimens per species were identified and profiled using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The detection of lichen acids (LA) via HPLC showed the presence of 24 peaks of lichen acids. TLC-bioautography identified the bioactive lichen acids as alectronic acid, connorstictic acid, consalazinic acid, diffractaic acid, echinocarpic acid, erythrin acid, galbinic acid, hypoconstictic acid, hyposalazinic acid, hypostictic acid, lobaric acid, menegazzaic acid, micareic acid, pannarin, salazinic acid, stictic acid, and usnic acid. Our study highlighted the wide spectrum of opportunities for using lichens for the discovery of potential antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics-Metabolomics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Lawrence P. Timbreza
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics-Metabolomics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Ek Sangvichien
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand;
| | - Kin Israel R. Notarte
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics-Metabolomics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
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The molecular mechanisms of vulpinic acid induced programmed cell death in melanoma. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8273-8280. [PMID: 35960408 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Malignant melanoma is an aggressive skin tumor with a rapidly increasing incidence and there is not yet a successful treatment strategy. Vulpinic acid (VA) is derived from secondary metabolites from lichen species. In the current study, we, for the first time, investigated the anti-cancer effects of VA and the underlying mechanism VA induced programmed cell death in melanoma. METHODS The anti-cancer effects of VA on melanoma cells were evaluated by the xCELLigence system, flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity and RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that VA had a strong anti-proliferative effect on A-375 melanoma cells without damaging human epidermal melanocyte cells. Additionally, VA promoted apoptotic cell death through G2/M arrest and the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways according to the analysis of 88 genes associated with apoptosis by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that VA could become an alternative topical and transdermal treatment strategy in the treatment of maligned melanoma cancer. However, further investigations are needed to assess the underlying molecular mechanism of VA mediated apoptotic cell death in the treatment of melanoma.
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Paguirigan JA, Liu R, Im SM, Hur JS, Kim W. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties of Lichen Substances against Plant Pathogens. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:25-32. [PMID: 35144359 PMCID: PMC8831355 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.12.2021.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens pose major threats on agriculture and horticulture, causing significant economic loss worldwide. Due to the continuous and excessive use of synthetic pesticides, emergence of pesticide resistant pathogens has become more frequent. Thus, there is a growing needs for environmentally-friendly and selective antimicrobial agents with a novel mode of action, which may be used in combination with conventional pesticides to delay development of pesticide resistance. In this study, we evaluated the potentials of lichen substances as novel biopesticides against eight bacterial and twelve fungal plant pathogens that have historically caused significant phytopathological problems in South Korea. Eight lichen substances of diverse chemical origins were extracted from axenic culture or dried specimen, and further purified for comparative analysis of their antimicrobial properties. Usnic acid and vulpinic acid exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. In addition, usnic acid and vulpinic acid were highly effective in the growth inhibition of fungal pathogens, such as Diaporthe eres, D. actinidiae, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Intriguingly, the growth of Rhizoctonia solani was specifically inhibited by lecanoric acid, indicating that lichen substances exhibit some degrees of selectivity to plant pathogens. These results suggested that lichen substance can be used as a selective biopesticide for controlling plant disease of agricultural and horticultural significance, minimizing possible emergence of pesticide resistant pathogens in fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaycee A. Paguirigan
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Manila 1008,
Philippines
| | - Rundong Liu
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Seong Mi Im
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
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Micheletti AC, Honda NK, Ravaglia LM, Matayoshi T, Spielmann AA. Antibacterial potencial of 12 Lichen species. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:S0001-37652021000700904. [PMID: 34705932 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant bacterial infections are a major public health problem worldwide, which entails the need to search for new therapeutic agents. In this context, lichens stand out, provided that they are producers of structurally diverse compounds that have attractive biological properties, including antimicrobial activity. Thus, extracts of 12 lichen species were prepared and their potential to inhibit the growth of 5 bacterial strains was evaluated in this work. The chemical compositions of these extracts were examined using TLC and microcrystallization, being the identity of the active compounds in each extract attributed based on the bioautography technique. The most active extracts (and their identified active compounds) were from Cladonia borealis (usnic, barbatic and 4-O-demethylbarbatic acids), Cladina confusa (usnic and perlatolic acids), Stereocaulom ramulosum (atranorin, perlatolic and anziaic acids) and Canoparmelia cryptochlorophaea (cryptochlorophaeic and caperatic acids), with MICs ranging from 7.8 to 31.25 μg/mL, including for resistant clinical strains. MIC values were also obtained for substances isolated from lichens for comparison purposes. A group of four extracts containing usnic acid was analyzed by 1H NMR in order to correlate relative proportion of major metabolites and extracts activity. The less active extracts in this group, in fact, presented low proportion of usnic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Micheletti
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Sen. Filinto Muller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Neli K Honda
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Sen. Filinto Muller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Ravaglia
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Sen. Filinto Muller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Matayoshi
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Sen. Filinto Muller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Adriano A Spielmann
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Vulpinic Acid Controls Stem Cell Fate toward Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010018. [PMID: 31878002 PMCID: PMC7017160 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulpinic acid, a naturally occurring methyl ester of pulvinic acid, has been reported to exert anti-fungal, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidative effects. However, its metabolic action has not been implicated yet. Here, we show that vulpinic acid derived from a mushroom, Pulveroboletus ravenelii controls the cell fate of mesenchymal stem cells and preadipocytes by inducing the acetylation of histone H3 and α-tubulin, respectively. The treatment of 10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells with vulpinic acid increased the expression of Wnt6, Wnt10a, and Wnt10b, which led to osteogenesis inhibiting the adipogenic lineage commitment, through the upregulation of H3 acetylation. By contrast, treatment with vulpinic acid promoted the terminal differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. In this process, the increase in acetylated tubulin was accompanied, while acetylated H3 was not altered. As excessive generation of adipocytes occurs, the accumulation of lipid drops was not concentrated, but dispersed into a number of adipocytes. Consistently, the expressions of lipolytic genes were upregulated and inflammatory factors were downregulated in adipocytes exposed to vulpinic acid during adipogenesis. These findings reveal the multiple actions of vulpinic acid in two stages of differentiation, promoting the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells and decreasing hypertrophic adipocytes, which can provide experimental evidence for the novel metabolic advantages of vulpinic acid.
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Sweidan A, Smida I, Chollet-Krugler M, Sauvager A, Vallet J, Gouault N, Oliviero N, Tamanai-Shacoori Z, Burel A, van de Weghe P, Chokr A, Tomasi S, Bousarghin L. Lichen butyrolactone derivatives disrupt oral bacterial membrane. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Değerli E, Yangın S, Cansaran-Duman D. Determination of the effect of RBBR on laccase activity and gene expression level of fungi in lichen structure. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:297. [PMID: 31328079 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides information about the differential transcription regulation of laccase genes in response to RBBR dye. To this purpose, we determined the laccase gene expression, laccase activity, and protein profile of lichen-forming fungi supported to RBBR dye. For those obtained from optimal laccase genes expression profiles, we modified different RNA extraction protocols to obtain high quality and quantity RNA to be used in downstream applications in lichen-forming fungus. We also determined the expression of ten laccase genes in response to RBBR dye by qRT-PCR and validated protein profile. As a result of our study, a high laccase activity of 522 U mL-1 was obtained after submerged fermentation for 17 days. The maximal laccase activity to RBBR dye was obtained at 408 h. The expression profiles of laccase gene expression on ten laccase genes showed up- or down-regulation in course of eight fermentation times. The most up-regulated gene during the process was lac8. However, poxa1b gene expression was lowest in lichen-forming fungi biomass supplemented with RBBR dye. This study has revealed the influence of RBBR dye on laccase activity levels and the determination of gene expression levels in lichen-forming fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Değerli
- System Biotechnology Advance Research Unit, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Yangın
- System Biotechnology Advance Research Unit, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Cansaran-Duman
- System Biotechnology Advance Research Unit, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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Sahin E, Dabagoglu Psav S, Avan I, Candan M, Sahinturk V, Koparal AT. Vulpinic acid, a lichen metabolite, emerges as a potential drug candidate in the therapy of oxidative stress–related diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:675-684. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119833745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vulpinic acid, a lichen compound, has been shown to have many beneficial effects and its medicinal value increases day by day. As in atherosclerosis, endothelial damage is the basis of many diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of vulpinic acid against oxidative stress damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in endothelial cells. In order to find the IC50 of H2O2 and the protective dose of vulpinic acid, methyl thiazolyldiphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were performed. The amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2 and the protective effects of vulpinic acid against ROS were examined by fluorometric DCF-DA kit. The effects of H2O2 and vulpinic acid on actin filaments were determined by tetramethyl rhodamine (TRITC)-phalloidin fluorescence staining. Expression of Tie2 proteins was immunocytochemically analyzed in H2O2- and vulpinic acid-treated cells. After 24 h, the IC50 was found to be 215 μM in HUVECs treated with H2O2. The most effective dose of vulpinic acid against H2O2-associated damage was found to be 15 μM. Vulpinic acid pretreatment was shown to reduce H2O2-induced ROS production significantly ( p < 0.05). It was shown that 215 μM of H2O2 caused actin fragmentation, cell shrinkage, and decrease in actin florescence intensity while vulpinic acid protected the cells from these damages. It was found that Tie2 immunoreactivity was decreased in H2O2-treated groups and vulpinic acid pretreatment reduced the expression of this protein. In conclusion, vulpinic acid decreases H2O2-induced oxidative stress and oxidative stress–related damages in HUVECs. It may be drug candidate in the therapy of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - S Dabagoglu Psav
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - I Avan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - M Candan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - V Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - AT Koparal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Maurya IK, Singh S, Tewari R, Tripathi M, Upadhyay S, Joshi Y. Antimicrobial activity of Bulbothrix setschwanensis (Zahlbr.) Hale lichen by cell wall disruption of Staphylococcus aureus and Cryptococcus neoformans. Microb Pathog 2017; 115:12-18. [PMID: 29223452 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, antimicrobial activity of a common Himalayan lichen viz. Bulbothrix setschwanensis (Zahlbr.) Hale extract in three common solvents (acetone, chloroform and methanol) was evaluated against six bacterial and seven fungal clinical strains. The acetone extract showed promising antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (1.56 mg/mL) and C. neoformans (6.25 mg/mL). Further, GC-MS analysis revealed 2,3-bis(2-methylpentanoyloxy)propyl 2-methylpentanoate and Ethyl 2-[(2R,3R,4aR,8aS)-3-hydroxy-2,3,4,4a,6,7,8,8a-octahydropyrano [3,2-b]pyran-2-yl]acetate as the predominant compounds. The combination of acetone extract with antibacterial drugs [kanamycin (KAN), rifampicin (RIF)] and antifungal drugs [amphotericin B (Amp B) and fluconazole (FLC)] showed lysis of S. aureus and C. neoformans at non-inhibitory concentration (FICI values were 0.31 for KAN, 0.18 for RIF, 0.37 for Amp B and 0.30 for FLC, respectively). Notably, the acetone extract confirmed cell wall damage of both S. aureus and C. neoformans cells and was clearly visualized under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Besides this, the three extracts also have less significant cytotoxic activity at MIC concentrations against mammalian cells (HEK-293 and HeLa). This study for the first time suggests that the chemical compounds present in the acetone extract of B. setschwanensis could be used against S. aureus and C. neoformans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indresh K Maurya
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University (South Campus), Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Samer Singh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University (South Campus), Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rupinder Tewari
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University (South Campus), Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Manish Tripathi
- Lichenology Laboratory, Department of Botany, S.S.J. Campus, Kumaun University, Almora 263601, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shashi Upadhyay
- Lichenology Laboratory, Department of Botany, S.S.J. Campus, Kumaun University, Almora 263601, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yogesh Joshi
- Lichenology Laboratory, Department of Botany, S.S.J. Campus, Kumaun University, Almora 263601, Uttarakhand, India.
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Sweidan A, Chollet-Krugler M, Sauvager A, van de Weghe P, Chokr A, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Tomasi S, Bousarghin L. Antibacterial activities of natural lichen compounds against Streptococcus gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Fitoterapia 2017; 121:164-169. [PMID: 28736072 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The oral bacteria not only infect the mouth and reside there, but also travel through the blood and reach distant body organs. If left untreated, the dental biofilm that can cause destructive inflammation in the oral cavity may result in serious medical complications. In dental biofilm, Streptococcus gordonii, a primary oral colonizer, constitutes the platform on which late pathogenic colonizers like Porphyromonas gingivalis, the causative agent of periodontal diseases, will bind. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of eleven natural lichen compounds belonging to different chemical families and spanning from linear into cyclic and aromatic structures to uncover new antibiotics which can fight against the oral bacteria. The compounds were screened by broth microdilution assay. Three compounds were shown to have promising antibacterial activities where the depsidone core with certain functional groups constituted the best compound, psoromic acid, with the lowest MICs=11.72 and 5.86μg/mL against S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, respectively. The compounds screened had promising antibacterial activity which might be attributed to some important functional groups as discussed in our study. The best compounds did not induce the death of gingival epithelial carcinoma cells (Ca9-22). These results introduce new compounds having potent antibacterial activities against oral pathogens causing serious medical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Sweidan
- U-1241 INSERM-INRA, Equipe CIMIAD, Univ. Rennes 1, Univ. Bretagne Loire, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes, France; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marylène Chollet-Krugler
- UMR CNRS 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe CORINT, Univ. Rennes 1, Univ. Bretagne Loire, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Aurélie Sauvager
- UMR CNRS 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe CORINT, Univ. Rennes 1, Univ. Bretagne Loire, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre van de Weghe
- Inserm U1242, Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling (COSS), Univ. Bretagne Loire, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Ali Chokr
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Martine Bonnaure-Mallet
- U-1241 INSERM-INRA, Equipe CIMIAD, Univ. Rennes 1, Univ. Bretagne Loire, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Tomasi
- UMR CNRS 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe CORINT, Univ. Rennes 1, Univ. Bretagne Loire, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Latifa Bousarghin
- U-1241 INSERM-INRA, Equipe CIMIAD, Univ. Rennes 1, Univ. Bretagne Loire, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes, France.
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Abstract
Covering: 2010 up to 2017Life on Earth is characterized by a remarkable abundance of symbiotic and highly refined relationships among life forms. Defined as any kind of close, long-term association between two organisms, symbioses can be mutualistic, commensalistic or parasitic. Historically speaking, selective pressures have shaped symbioses in which one organism (typically a bacterium or fungus) generates bioactive small molecules that impact the host (and possibly other symbionts); the symbiosis is driven fundamentally by the genetic machineries available to the small molecule producer. The human microbiome is now integral to the most recent chapter in animal-microbe symbiosis studies and plant-microbe symbioses have significantly advanced our understanding of natural products biosynthesis; this also is the case for studies of fungal-microbe symbioses. However, much less is known about microbe-microbe systems involving interspecies interactions. Microbe-derived small molecules (i.e. antibiotics and quorum sensing molecules, etc.) have been shown to regulate transcription in microbes within the same environmental niche, suggesting interspecies interactions whereas, intraspecies interactions, such as those that exploit autoinducing small molecules, also modulate gene expression based on environmental cues. We, and others, contend that symbioses provide almost unlimited opportunities for the discovery of new bioactive compounds whose activities and applications have been evolutionarily optimized. Particularly intriguing is the possibility that environmental effectors can guide laboratory expression of secondary metabolites from "orphan", or silent, biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Notably, many of the studies summarized here result from advances in "omics" technologies and highlight how symbioses have given rise to new anti-bacterial and antifungal natural products now being discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Adnani
- University of Wisconsin Madison, School of Pharmacy, Div. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA.
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Kwon Y, Cha J, Chiang J, Tran G, Giaever G, Nislow C, Hur JS, Kwak YS. A chemogenomic approach to understand the antifungal action of Lichen-derived vulpinic acid. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1580-1591. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Korea
| | - J. Cha
- Department of Plant Medicine and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Korea
| | - J. Chiang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - G. Tran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - G. Giaever
- Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - C. Nislow
- Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - J.-S. Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute; Suncheon National University; Suncheon Korea
| | - Y.-S. Kwak
- Department of Plant Medicine and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Korea
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