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Algefare AI, Alfwuaires M, Famurewa AC, Elsawy H, Sedky A. Geraniol prevents CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity via suppression of hepatic oxidative stress, pro-inflammation and apoptosis in rats. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:128-134. [PMID: 38304701 PMCID: PMC10831491 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a classic chemical hepatotoxicant that triggers liver damage through hepatic exacerbation of oxidative stress. Geraniol (GRL) is a natural bioactive acyclic monoterpene with several pharmacological effects. We thus explored whether GRL could prevent CCl4-triggered hepatic toxicity. Rats were divided and administered GRL (100 mg/kg) and/or CCl4 (1 ml/kg of 1:1 v/v CCl4: olive oil) in Control group, GRL group, CCl4 group, GRL + CCl4 groups 2 times per week for 4 consecutive weeks. CCl4 caused significantly (p < 0.05) elevated serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TB), whereas the albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced relative to the control group. The liver activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while malondialdehyde (MDA) level evidently elevated in comparison to the control group. The CCl4 exposure caused significant increases in proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), apoptotic caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels, whereas the anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were reduced in consistent with histopathological changes compared to the control. On the contrary, the GRL administration prevented the hepatic toxicity and lesions through restoration of liver status markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA, cytokines and apoptosis in comparison to the CCl4 group. Altogether, the findings reveal that GRL could abrogate CCl4-provoked hepatic toxicity via inhibition of hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsen I. Algefare
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ademola C. Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Hany Elsawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Azza Sedky
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mahmoud MH, El-Gogary RI, Soliman ME, Kamel AO. Novel green-based polyglycerol polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ferulic acid: A promising approach for hepatoprotection. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130698. [PMID: 38458296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit of eco-friendly and sustainable materials, polyglycerol diacid polymers hold immense promise for drug delivery compared to those derived from fossil fuels. Harnessing this potential, we aimed to prepare nanoparticles (NPs) derived from sustainable polymers, loaded with ferulic acid (FA), a natural polyphenolic compound known for its shielding effect against liver-damaging agents, including carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Glycerol was esterified with renewable monomers, such as succinic acid, adipic acid, and/or FA, resulting in the creation of a novel class of polyglycerol diacid polymers. Characterization via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the successful synthesis of these polymers with <7 % residual monomers. FA-loaded NPs were fabricated using the newly synthesized polymers. To further augment their potential, the NPs were coated with chitosan. The chitosan-coated NPs boasted an optimal PS of 290 ± 5.03 nm, showing superior physical stability, and a commendable EE% of 58.79 ± 0.43%w/v. The cytotoxicity was examined on fibroblast cells using the SRB assay. In-vivo experiments employing a CCl4-induced liver injury model yielded compelling evidence of the heightened hepatoprotective effects conferred by chitosan-coated particles. This demonstrates the benefits of incorporating sustainable polymers into innovative composites for efficient drug delivery, indicating their potential for creating versatile platforms for various therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam H Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Riham I El-Gogary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Egypt Japan University of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Amany O Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Tabi Omgba Y, Tsague MV, Temdie Guemmogne RJ, Tembe AE, Ngono Mballa R, Fokunang NC, Ngadjui Tchaleu B, Dimo T, Ndongo Embola J, Ze Minkande J. Hepatoprotective and in vivo antioxidant effects of granulometric classes and decoction of Ficus dicranostyla Mildbread leaves powders against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6403-6412. [PMID: 37823108 PMCID: PMC10563720 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ficus dicranostyla is a plant from the Moraceae family commonly used in African countries for its nutritional value and its believed medicinal properties. Its antioxidant in vitro capacity and its richness in phenolic compounds have been previously demonstrated. This work aimed at evaluating the hepatoprotective and in vivo antioxidant activities of different granulometric fractions of the F. dicranostyla leaves against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Powdery fractions (<125, 250-125, and ≥250 μm), and the unsieved powder, obtained from the F. dicranostyla leaves were water-dissolved and given orally to rats at the same dose (250 mg/kg body weight) before administering carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneally (1 mL/Kg bw). The lipid status parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol), hepatic toxicity through aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) in blood plasma, and antioxidant status by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in liver homogenate were performed. The activities of all parameters registered a significant (p < .05) alteration in CCl4-treated rats, which were significantly recovered toward an almost normal level in coadministered with Ficus dicranostyla leaf powder samples in a particle size-dependent manner. Results suggest that the smaller particle size of the powder fraction, as well as the decoction powder of Ficus dicranostyla, may be used as hepatoprotective and antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Tabi Omgba
- Department of Pharmacotoxicology and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Marthe Valentine Tsague
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of NgaoundereNgaoundereCameroon
| | | | - Achick Estella Tembe
- Department of Pharmacotoxicology and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Rose Ngono Mballa
- Department of Pharmacology and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Ntungwen Charles Fokunang
- Department of Pharmacotoxicology and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | | | - Théophile Dimo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Judith Ndongo Embola
- Department of Physiological Sciences/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Jacqueline Ze Minkande
- Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
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Zewail MB, El-Gizawy SA, Asaad GF, Shabana ME, El-Dakroury WA. Chitosan coated clove oil-based nanoemulsion: An attractive option for oral delivery of leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123224. [PMID: 37451327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a distressing inflammatory autoimmune disease, is managed mainly by Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), e.g. leflunomide (LEF). LEF (BCS class II) has limited solubility and adverse effects following its systemic exposure. The appealing antirheumatic properties of both clove oil and chitosan (CS) were exploited to design oral leflunomide (LEF)-loaded nanoemulsion (NE) system to augment the therapeutic action of LEF and decrease its systemic side effects as well. Different LEF-NEs were prepared using clove oil, Tween® 20 (surfactant), and PEG 400(co-surfactant) and characterized by thermodynamic stability, percentage transmittance, cloud point, size analysis, and drug content. Optimized LEF-NE was subjected to CS coating forming LEF-CS-NE that exhibited nanometric size range, prolonged drug release, and good physical stability. In vivo anti-rheumatic activity of pure LEF, market LEF, and LEF-CS-NE was assessed utilizing a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) rat model. Treatment with LEF-CS-NE reduced edema rate (48.68% inhibition) and caused a marked reduction in interleukin-6 (IL-6) (510.9 ± 2.48 pg/ml), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) (397.3 ± 2.53 pg/ml), and rheumatoid factor (RF) (42.58 ± 0.49 U/ml). Furthermore, LEF-CS-NE reduced serum levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) to (83.19%) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) to (40.68%) compared to the control + ve group. The effects of LEF-CS-NE were also superior to both pure and market LEF and showed better results in histopathological studies of paws, liver, kidney, lung, and heart. The remarkable therapeutic and safety profile of LEF-CS-NE makes it a potential oral system for the management of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz B Zewail
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Sanaa A El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gihan F Asaad
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwa E Shabana
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
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Munakarmi S, Gurau Y, Shrestha J, Risal P, Park HS, Lee GH, Jeong YJ. Synergistic Effects of Vitis vinifera L. and Centella asiatica against CCl 4-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11255. [PMID: 37511015 PMCID: PMC10379123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury can be acute or chronic, resulting from a variety of factors, including viral hepatitis, drug overdose, idiosyncratic drug reaction, or toxins, while the progression of pathogenesis in the liver rises due to the involvement of numerous cytokines and growth factor mediators. Thus, the identification of more effective biomarker-based active phytochemicals isolated from medicinal plants is a promising strategy to protect against CCl4-induced liver injury. Vitis vinifera L. (VE) and Centella asiatica (CE) are well-known medicinal plants that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, synergism between the two has not previously been studied. Here, we investigated the synergistic effects of a V. vinifera L. (VE) leaf, C. asiatica (CE) extract combination (VCEC) against CCl4-induced liver injury. Acute liver injury was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 (1 mL/kg). VCEC was administered orally for three consecutive days at various concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg) prior to CCl4 injection. The extent of liver injury and the protective effects of VCEC were evaluated by biochemical analysis and histopathological studies. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and Western blotting. VCEC treatment significantly reduced serum transaminase levels (AST and ALT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). CCl4- induced apoptosis was inhibited by VCEC treatment by reducing cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax). VCEC-treated mice significantly restored cytochrome P450 2E1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in CCl4-treated mice. In addition, VCEC downregulated overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibited CCl4-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, VCEC exhibited synergistic protective effects against liver injury through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic ability against oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therefore, VCEC appears promising as a potential therapeutic agent for CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvesh Munakarmi
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Yamuna Gurau
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Juna Shrestha
- Alka Hospital Private Limited, Jwalakhel, Kathmandu 446010, Nepal
| | - Prabodh Risal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal
| | - Ho Sung Park
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Research Institute, Jeonbuk National Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Jeong
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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6
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Sharma H, Kim DY, Shim KH, Sharma N, An SSA. Multi-Targeting Neuroprotective Effects of Syzygium aromaticum Bud Extracts and Their Key Phytocompounds against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8148. [PMID: 37175851 PMCID: PMC10178913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes a gradual loss of normal motor and cognitive function. The complex AD pathophysiology involves various factors such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, disturbed neurotransmission, and apoptosis. The available drugs suffer from a range of side effects and are not able to cover different aspects of the disease. Therefore, finding a safer therapeutic approach that can affect multiple targets at a time is highly desirable. In the present study, the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of an important culinary spice, Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) extract, and major bioactive compounds were studied in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines as a model. The extracts were subjected to GC-MS to identify important bioactive components. The extracts and key bio-actives reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and provided neuroprotection from H2O2-induced oxidative stress in cell-based assays due to the antioxidant action. They also reduced lipid peroxidation significantly and restored GSH content. Clove extracts have also displayed anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, anti-glycation potential, and Aβ aggregation/fibrilization inhibition. The multitarget neuroprotective approach displayed by Clove makes it a potential candidate for AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Eroglu A, Dogan A. Investigation of the phytochemical composition and remedial effects of southern grape hyacinth ( Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten.) plant extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:491-502. [PMID: 35373681 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2058011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the phytochemical contents of the aerial part M. neglectum aerial part (MAP) and M. neglectum bulb (MB) ethanolic extract of Muscari neglectum and to investigate their protective effects on gastric damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. After the toxicity testing, 42 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 7 groups, Control, MAP, MB, CCl4, CCl4 + MAP, CCl4 + MB, and CCl4 + Silymarin groups. At the end of the experiment, the serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant defense enzymes, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the stomach tissue were evaluated to determine the antioxidant role of the M. neglectum extracts. According to the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, fatty acid analysis, octadecadienoic, and 9,12,15 octadecatrienoic fatty acids were found as major fatty acids in the MAP, whereas 9,12 octadecadienoic and octadecanoic acids were the major fatty acids in the MB. According to the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, quinic acid, fumaric acid, gentisic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin were found in the MAP, while quinic acid, fumaric acid, caffeic acid, and kaempferol were found in the MB. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extract were determined in the MAP and MB. The MAP and MB extracts generally caused a statistically significant decrease in the MDA content and increase in the antioxidant parameters in the stomach tissue. It was concluded that MAP and MB extracts may have antioxidant and gastric protective effects due to the phytochemical content of M. neglectum.HighlightsAccording to LC-MS/MS results, quinic acid, fumaric acid, chemferol, apigenin, and caffeic acid were determined as major compounds in M. neglectum extracts.According to GC-MS results, octadecadienoic, octadecatrienoic, and octadecanoic methyl esters were the major fatty acids of the M. neglectum extracts.The M. neglectum extracts regulated the levels of stomach damage and biochemical parameters.The M. neglectum extracts extract might have pharmaceutical-nutritional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Eroglu
- Department of Basic Sciences Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Abdulahad Dogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Younis T, Jabeen F, Hussain A, Rasool B, Raza Ishaq A, Nawaz A, El-Nashar HAS, El-Shazly M. Antioxidant and Pulmonary Protective Potential of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Bark Extract against CCl 4 -Induced Toxicity in Rats. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200755. [PMID: 36722706 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fraxinus xanthoxyloides is a perennial shrub belonging to family Oleaceae, traditionally used for malaria, jaundice, pneumonia, inflammation, and rheumatism. Our study is aimed to assess the total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), terpenoids contents (TTC) and antioxidant profiling of F. xanthoxyloides methanol bark extract (FXBM) and its fractions, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous, along with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Further, the antioxidant and pulmonary protective potential was explored against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced CCl4-induced pulmonary tissue damage in rats. The highest TPC, TFC and TTC were found in FXBM (133.29±4.19 mg/g), ethyl acetate fraction (279.55±10.35 mg/g), and chloroform fraction (0.79±0.06 mg/g), respectively. The most potent antioxidant capacity was depicted by FXBM (29.21±2.40 μg/mg) and ethyl acetate fraction (91.16±5.51 μg/mg). The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the predominance of gallic, chlorogenic, vanillic and ferulic acid in FXBM. The administration of CCl4 induced oxidative stress, suppressed antioxidant enzymes' activities including catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione reductase. Further, it increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H2 O2 levels, induced DNA injuries and reduced the total protein and glutathione content in lung tissues. The treatment of rats with FXBM restored these biochemical parameters to the normal level. Moreover, the histopathological studies of lung tissues demonstrated that FXBM protected rats' lung tissues from oxidative damage restoring normal lung functions. Thus, F. xanthoxyloides bark extract is recommended as adjuvant therapy as protective agent for patients with lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Younis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, 60000, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, University of Education Bank road campus, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hussain
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Rasool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza Ishaq
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Atif Nawaz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt
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Xu X, Liu S, Zhao Y, Wang M, Hu L, Li W, Xu H. Combination of Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 alleviates acute liver injury by regulating gut microbiota in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6848-6857. [PMID: 35639719 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polysaccharides and probiotics can play an outstanding role in the treatment of liver disease by regulating gut microbiota. Recently, the combined therapeutic effect of probiotics and polysaccharides has attracted the attention of researchers. Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide (HCP) combined with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 was used to prevent carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice, and its effect on gut microbiota regulation was explored. RESULTS Results showed that, in mice, HCP combined with L. plantarum P101 significantly alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in the liver by activating Nrf2 signals and inhibiting NF-κB signals. The analysis of gut microbiota revealed that the combination of HCP and L. plantarum P101 increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Alloprevotella, Roseburia, and Akkermansia, but reduced that of the pro-inflammatory bacteria Alistipes, Enterorhabdus, Anaerotruncus, and Escherichia-Shigella. Correlation analysis also indicated that the expression of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB was connected to the changes in gut microbiota composition. Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide combined with L. plantarum P101 can regulate the gut microbiota and then mediate the gut-liver axis to activate the antioxidant pathway and inhibit inflammatory responses, thereby alleviating CCl4 -induced ALI. CONCLUSION Our study provided a new perspective on the use of polysaccharides combined with probiotics in the treatment of liver disease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liehai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Helmy H, Hamid Sadik NA, Badawy L, Sayed NH. Mechanistic insights into the protective role of eugenol against stress-induced reproductive dysfunction in female rat model. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110181. [PMID: 36108715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The challenging and highly demanding life rhythm nowadays subjects people to unavoidable chronic stress. Chronic stress is associated with a wide array of serious health complications including neuroendocrine dysregulations. Women are more prone to chronic stress-related hormonal disturbances and their physical and psychological consequences, especially reproductive impairment. Eugenol is a natural phenolic anti-oxidant that has several beneficial biological activities. The current study intended to scrutinize the potential protective effect of eugenol in female Wistar rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups; group 1 received olive oil, group 2 received eugenol in olive oil, groups 3 and 4 were subjected to CUMS protocol for 8 weeks, with pre- and concomitant treatment with eugenol (50 mg/kg/day; p.o.) in group 4. The results showed that CUMS exposure led to weight loss and depressive-like behaviours. CUMS induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation with subsequent elevation of serum corticosterone level which, in turn, caused decline in ovarian release of estradiol and antimullerian hormones together with an increased production of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones by the anterior pituitary, leading to reproductive disturbances. In ovaries, CUMS imposed oxidative stress, insulin resistance and molecular damage. Intriguingly, all these adverse effects were significantly mitigated by the administration of eugenol that improved animals' behaviours, corrected corticosterone upsurge, tempered hormonal disturbances, and amended ovarian damage. All biochemical results were further confirmed by hippocampal and ovarian histopathological examinations. In conclusion, the current study highlights the prophylactic role of eugenol against reproductive disturbances induced by chronic stress in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah Helmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Noha H Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Amer SA, Abd El‐Rahman HSM. Anti‐shigellosis activity of the aqueous extract of garlic, clove and fenugreek. J Food Saf 2022; 42. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractShigellosis causes severe diarrhea and, in some cases, death in children. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti‐shigellosis efficacy of some aqueous herbal extracts or their chosen mixtures, including fenugreek seed, black seed, clove, garlic, and ginger. The antibacterial potential was assessed by well diffusion and microdilution assays. The extracts' minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 0.39 to 12.5 mg/ml. The water extract of garlic and combinations of garlic with either fenugreek or clove extracts had the highest antibacterial efficacy, hence these extracts were chosen for the in vivo investigation. Rats were given a Shigella dysenteriae inoculum and then administrated two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg bw) of the selected herbal extracts or the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (20 mg/kg bw) to treat Shigellosis in vivo. The results showed that garlic and clove extract mixtures (G6, 200 mg/kg bw), garlic and fenugreek mixtures (G7 and G8, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw), and ciprofloxacin group (G9, 20 mg/kg bw) had the best anti‐Shigellosis efficacy. G7 (garlic and fenugreek mixtures (100 mg/kg bw) outperformed almost all other groups evaluated. This group had lower defecation frequency, lower stool‐Shigella loudness, restored body weight, recovered hematological, and liver and kidney functions, besides exhibited no anatomical alterations in the colon tissue that were comparable to the uninfected group. As a result, in the treatment of Shigella, this extract combination may be suggested as a viable therapeutic alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Adel Amer
- Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) Food Technology Research Institute (FTRI) Giza Egypt
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12
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Cell-Based Antioxidant Properties and Synergistic Effects of Natural Plant and Algal Extracts Pre and Post Intestinal Barrier Transport. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030565. [PMID: 35326215 PMCID: PMC8944961 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, both direct and indirect cell-based antioxidant profiles were established for 27 plant extracts and 1 algal extract. To evaluate the direct antioxidant effects, fluorescent AOP1 cell assay was utilized, which measures the ability of different samples to neutralize intracellular free radicals produced by a cell-based photo-induction process. As the intestinal barrier is the first cell line crossed by the product, dose response curves obtained from Caco-2 cells were used to establish EC50 values for 26 out of the 28 natural extracts. Among them, 11 extracts from Vitis, Hamamelis, Syzygium, Helichrysum, Ilex and Ribes genera showed remarkable EC50s in the range of 10 µg/mL. In addition to this, a synergistic effect was found when combinations of the most potent extracts (S. aromaticum, H. italicum, H. virginiana, V. vinifera) were utilized compared to extracts alone. Indirect antioxidant activities (i.e., the ability of cells to trigger antioxidant defenses) were studied using the ARE/Nrf2 luminescence reporter-gene assay in HepG2 cells, as liver is the first organ crossed by an edible ingredient once it enters in the bloodstream. Twelve extracts were subjected to an intestinal epithelial barrier passage in order to partially mimic intestinal absorption and show whether basolateral compartments could maintain direct or indirect antioxidant properties. Using postepithelial barrier samples and HepG2 cells as a target model, we demonstrate that indirect antioxidant activities are maintained for three extracts, S. aromaticum, H. virginiana and H. italicum. Our experimental work also confirms the synergistic effects of combinations of post-intestinal barrier compartments issued from apical treatment with these three extracts. By combining cell-based assays together with an intestinal absorption process, this study demonstrates the power of cell systems to address the issue of antioxidant effects in humans.
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Pandit K, Kumar A, Kaur S, Kumar V, Jain SK, Bhardwaj R, Kaur S. Amelioration of oxidative stress by trans-Anethole via modulating phase I and phase II enzymes against hepatic damage induced by CCl 4 in male Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:6317-6333. [PMID: 34453252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to assess the in vivo hepatoprotective properties of trans-Anethole, which is a principal aromatic component of star anise. The hepatoprotective effects of trans-Anethole were evaluated at three doses [40, 80, and 160 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.)] against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in male Wistar rats for 4 weeks. Forty-two male Wistar rats were equally divided into seven groups; the control (group I) received only distilled water. Rats of group II received CCl4 (1 ml/kg b.wt.) in a 1:1 ratio of CCl4 and olive oil via intraperitoneal doses, while rats of group III received silymarin (50 mg/kg b.wt.), followed by CCl4 intraperitoneal doses, 3 days in a week. Rats of group IV received trans-anethole (160 mg/kg b.wt.) for 28 days as a negative control. Trans-anethole at the doses of 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg b.wt. was administered to groups V, VI, and VII, respectively, for 28 days, followed by CCl4 (i.p). Results showed that CCl4 treatment (group II) elevated the levels of different serum markers like aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 4.74 fold, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 3.47 fold, aspartate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 3.55 fold, direct bilirubin by 3.48 fold, and total bilirubin by 2.38 fold in contrast to control. Furthermore, it was found that the decreased levels of liver antioxidant enzymes viz. catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly modulated by the pre-administration of rats with different doses (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg b.wt.) of trans-anethole. Furthermore, pre-treatment of trans-anethole reduced the level of phase I enzymes and elevated the level of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Histopathological investigations showed that the treatment with trans-anethole was effective in ameliorating CCl4-induced liver injury and restored the normal hepatic architecture. Moreover, trans-anethole restored p53 and cyclin D levels in liver tissue relative to group II. Western blot analysis revealed that the trans-anethole treatment downregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3 while upregulated the expression of Bcl-xL. Collectively, the findings of the study showed the strong efficacy of trans-anethole in ameliorating the hepatic damage caused by CCl4 through the modulation of antioxidants and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Pandit
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, 143005, Amritsar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, 143005, Amritsar, India
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, 143005, Amritsar, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, Jammu and Kashmir, 182144, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Basic & Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, 143005, Amritsar, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, 143005, Amritsar, India.
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A Preliminary Study on the Effect of Hydrogen Gas on Alleviating Early CCl 4-Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121933. [PMID: 34943036 PMCID: PMC8750042 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a small-molecule reductant substance, hydrogen gas has an obvious antioxidant function. It can selectively neutralize hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO•) in cells, reducing oxidative stress damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen gas (3%) on early chronic liver injury (CLI) induced by CCl4 and to preliminarily explore the protective mechanism of hydrogen gas on hepatocytes by observing the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in liver tissue. Here, 32 rats were divided into four groups: the control group, CCl4 group, H2 (hydrogen gas) group, and CCl4 + H2 group. The effect of hydrogen gas on early CLI was observed by serological tests, ELISA, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and oil red O staining. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used to observe the expression of UCP2 in liver tissues. We found that CCl4 can induce significant steatosis in hepatocytes. When the hydrogen gas was inhaled, hepatocyte steatosis was reduced, and the UCP2 expression level in liver tissue was increased. These results suggest that hydrogen gas might upregulate UCP2 expression levels, reduce the generation of intracellular oxygen free radicals, affect lipid metabolism in liver cells, and play a protective role in liver cells.
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15
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Kamal I, Khedr AIM, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Elshaarawy RFM, Saad AS. Chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive potentials of ρ-coumaric acid - Squid chitosan nanogel loaded with Syzygium aromaticum essential oil. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:523-533. [PMID: 34389386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important trends in chemotherapy is the development of green chemotropic drugs with maximal activity and minimal side effects. The nanoencapsulation of phytochemical oils with natural polymers has been documented as a promising approach to producing nanodrugs with sustainable bioactivity and prolonged stability. In this context, Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (SAEO) and ultrasound-assisted deacetylated chitosan (UCS3) were successfully extracted from clove buds and squid pens, respectively. Grafting of UCS3 by ρ-coumaric acid (ρCA) has been performed to fabricate the ρCACS nanogel which was used for nanoencapsulation of SAEO to yield SAEO-loaded nanogel (ρCACS@SAEO). The findings of spectral, thermal, and morphological analyses have confirmed the success of the formation of new materials and SAEO encapsulation, as well. Based on the findings of the in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer studies, the nanoencapsulation of SAEO by ρCACS has significantly boosted its chemotherapeutic effects, compared to unencapsulated oil. Therefore, ρCACS@SAEO nanogel could be considered as a multifunctional chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agent for prevention or therapy of pathologies induced by oxidative stress, microbial infection, and breast and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Amgad I M Khedr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, 42526 Port Said, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, 9004 Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serag Eldin I Elbehairi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, 9004 Abha, Saudi Arabia; Cell Culture Lab, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA Holding Company), Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Reda F M Elshaarawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, 43533 Suez, Egypt; Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ahmed S Saad
- Department of pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, 42526 Port Said, Egypt
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16
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Elekwa I, Ude VC, Emmanuel O, Amachaghi VO, Ugbogu EA. In vivo studies on the ameliorative effect of coconut water against carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in rats. Biomarkers 2021; 26:570-577. [PMID: 34167403 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1946848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coconut water is used in folklore medicine for oral rehydration, treatment of childhood diarrhoea, gastroenteritis and cholera, and is also known to possess antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the ameliorative potentials of coconut water on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomly assigned into separate cages according to the sex of 5 groups. Groups 2-5 were intraperitoneally injected a single dose of 1 mL/kg CCl4 diluted in olive oil. Only 3, 4 and 5 were orally given 2, 4, 6 mL/kg coconut water respectively, whereas groups 1 and 2 received distilled water. RESULTS Treatment with coconut water significantly (p < 0.05) increased red blood cell, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total protein, and albumin compared to the negative control in both sexes of the rats. Furthermore, platelets, white blood cells, urea, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, malondialdehyde, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate transaminases decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the negative control in both male and female rats. CONCLUSION Thus, coconut water supplementation may reverse CCl4 induced toxicity and distortions on haematological parameters, lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes, liver and kidney biomarkers in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Chibueze Ude
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Okezie Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
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17
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Idowu S, Adekoya AE, Igiehon OO, Idowu AT. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) spices: a review on their bioactivities, current use, and potential application in dairy products. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Saeed M, Khan MS, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Alqaisi O, Aqib AI, Qumar M, Siddique F, Ramadan MF. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and its phytochemicals in ruminant feed: an updated review. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-00985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Daoudi NE, Bouhrim M, Bnouham M. A Review on Hepatoprotective Effects of Some Medicinal Plant Oils. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817666200831175139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The liver is the second largest organ inside the human body. It can be damaged
by several toxic molecules and medicinal agents taken in overdoses. Indeed, there are some
oils obtained from different herbs that can be used to protect the liver injury.
Objective:
This review aims to give details on some oils that have been tested for their hepatoprotective
effect.
Methods:
We reviewed 79 articles published between 1980 and 2019 in English language using
three databases Sciencedirect, Web of Science and PubMed. So, we have used the keywords related
to hepatoprotective activity: Hepatoprotective, liver disease, plant and oil and we have classified the
plants in alphabetical order as a list containing their scientific and family names, as well as the experimental
assay and the results obtained from these studies.
Results:
As a result, we have described 18 species belonging to 18 families: Altingiaceae, Apiaceae,
Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Caryocaraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminoseae, Malvaceae,
Moringaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Pinaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Theaceae and Vitaceae.
Among the most common fatty acids present in hepatoprotective oils are palmitic acid, linoleic
acid, oleic acid and stearic acid.
Conclusion:
These oils have shown beneficial properties regarding the hepatoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60 000, Oujda,Morocco
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20
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Barghi B, Shokoohi M, Khaki AA, Khaki A, Moghimian M, Soltani M. Eugenol improves tissue damage and oxidative stress in adult female rats after ovarian torsion/detorsion. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 41:933-938. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1816938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bita Barghi
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Shokoohi
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Arash Khaki
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghimian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Malihe Soltani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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El-Hadary A, Sitohy M. Safely effective hypoglycemic action of stevia and turmeric extracts on diabetic Albino rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13549. [PMID: 33161596 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The potentiality of Stevia leaves and turmeric roots as remedies against diabetes mellitus type 2 was tested in this study. Stevia leaves and turmeric roots were extracted with ethanol:water (80:20 v/v) and analyzed by HPLC. Turmeric extract (TUE) was rich in; curcumin, gallic acid, and eugenol. Stevia extract (STE) contained 28 known compounds, including glycosides, aromatic organic acids, and catechin. Fifty rats were divided into five groups (10 rats each); the control group were fed with feed and water ad libitum. Forty rats were injected a single dose of alloxan, then treated with either 10 mg/kg glibenclamide (GLI), 300 mg/kg STE, or 200 mg/kg TUE or water (positive control) through daily gastric oral gavages for 56 days. Treating diabetic rats with TUE significantly reduced serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin down to the negative control levels. Both GLI and STE produced similar but less effective actions. Animals treated with either STE or TUE exhibited reduced levels of liver and kidney markers compared to the negative control, while GLI increased them significantly. It could be concluded that turmeric roots and stevia leaves extracts can be used treatment for type 2 diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Turmeric roots and stevia leaves extracts may be used as a remedy for type 2 diabetic patients as aiding substituting treatments under medical supervision. The two plant sources can be used as raw materials for the extracts, which can be used under medical supervision as a gradual replacement of the synthetic antidiabetic drugs. These extracts can be used after a preliminary clinical study to determine the dose and frequency of administration. Stevia extract can be incorporated in drinks as a sweetener and drug. Turmeric extract has a bitter taste, so it may be incorporated in some foods such as bread, which is a traditional practice in some kinds of bread in Egypt. But its content in the bread and the acceptability of the taste should be adjusted. Alternatively, this food can incorporate both TUE and STE to get the best biological action and to conceal the bitter taste of turmeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla El-Hadary
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Garlic Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Liver Injury via Modulation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Hepatocyte Architecture. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The current study aims to explore the hepatoprotective mechanisms of garlic extract through in vivo and in vitro assays. The in vitro investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential showed maximum 67.5% of free radical scavenging and 71.36% albumin denaturation inhibition by 600 μg/mL garlic extract. To explore the hepatoprotective activity by in vivo experiments, the animals were orally intoxicated with 150 μL of CCl4 (1:1 v/v in olive oil) and treated with garlic extract (75 mg/kg b.w.) 3 times/week, for eight successive weeks. The administration of garlic extract significantly ameliorated CCl4 induced increment in amounts of serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Aspartate transaminaseas (106.7, 116.3, 136.4 U/L) as compared to disease control which showed increased level (140.5, 156.2, 187.6 U/L). Besides, significant reduction of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and Glutathione (GSH) (29.3, 48.4, and 25.9 U/mg protein) was noticed in CCl4 induced animals, respectively. Likewise, garlic extract treatment facilitated a significant increment in all tested antioxidant enzymes levels (41.6, 63.3, and 32.5 U/mg protein), respectively. Additionally, Tumor necrosis factor⍺ (TNF-⍺), C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) level (63.79, 580.2, 18.3, 63.74 and 148.4 pg/mL) were increased significantly in CCl4-induced group, while garlic extract treatment decreased these pro inflammatory marker levels (40.24, 460.4, 15.4, 45.14, and 125.3 pg/mL). The animals exposed to CCl4 showed various types of alterations like lymphocytes infiltration, edema and congestion, while the animals treated with garlic extract plus CCl4 showed amelioration of the hepatocytes architectures. Thus, our finding advocates that the consumption of garlic can be a potential therapeutic remedy in the inhibition of liver ailments.
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Salman AA, El-Aleem IMA, El-Rahman AAA, El-Husseiny TS, El-Hadary AE. Assessment of antioxidant traits and protective action of Egyptian acacia pods extracts against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13392. [PMID: 32691869 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the protective effect of Egyptian acacia pod extracts against overdose of paracetamol-induced liver damage. Egyptian acacia green and brown pods were extracted by mixture of ethanol 80%: HCl (6 M) (99:1 v/v). In extracts of green and brown pods, total phenolic content in hydrolyzed ethyl acetate fraction (HEF) at pH 4, was 649.89 and 712.14 mg GAE/g while antioxidant activity was 95.55% and 97.35%, both being the highest than any fraction. HEF (pH 4) in brown pods was analyzed by HPLC, there were 22 phenolic compounds rich in ethyl vanillin about 227 mg/g and 11 flavonoids rich in catechin 48.70 mg/g. A biological experiment was conducted using HEF (pH4) in brown pods against overdose of paracetamol in albino rats induced to hepatotoxicity. Thirty rats were divided into five groups; a control group, a paracetamol group, and the other three received paracetamol plus silymarin or two doses of HEF. Animals were received paracetamol and treated with either silymarin or HEF showed reduced levels of liver (ALT, AST, and ALP) and kidney (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) markers compared with the control group as well as reduction of oxidative stress and increment antioxidant enzyme activity in liver tissue when compared with the paracetamol group. It could be concluded that both HEF and silymarin are considerably high hepatoprotector against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats due to their strong antioxidant activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Both HEF and silymarin improved liver functions and exerted strong antioxidant activities. This antioxidant activity would have a positive effect against oxidative liver damage caused by parcetamol. Thus, it may be concluded that the liver plasma membranes were protected and the regenerative and reparative capacity of liver by phenolic compound in HEF treatment. The study demonstrated the HEF hepatoprotective activity and recommends using Egyptian acacia pods for treatment of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Salman
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Tarek S El-Husseiny
- General Surgery and Liver Transplantation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdalla E El-Hadary
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Nyakudya TT, Tshabalala T, Dangarembizi R, Erlwanger KH, Ndhlala AR. The Potential Therapeutic Value of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112669. [PMID: 32526850 PMCID: PMC7321241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent, multifactorial and complex disease that is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and other major cardiovascular complications. The rise in the global prevalence of MetS has been attributed to genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are characterized by low physical activity and the consumption of high-energy diets contributes to MetS development. Current management criteria for MetS risk factors involve changes in lifestyle and the use of pharmacological agents that target specific biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of nutrients. Pharmaceutical drugs are usually expensive and are associated with several undesirable side effects. Alternative management strategies of MetS risk factors involve the use of medicinal plants that are considered to have multiple therapeutic targets and are easily accessible. Medicinal plants contain several different biologically active compounds that provide health benefits. The impact of phytochemicals present in local medicinal plants on sustainable health and well-being of individuals has been studied for many years and found to involve a plethora of complex biochemical, metabolic, and physiological mechanisms. While some of these phytochemicals are the basis of mainstream prescribed drugs (e.g., metformin, reserpine, quinine, and salicin), there is a need to identify more medicinal plants that can be used for the management of components of MetS and to describe their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we assess the potential health benefits of South African ethnomedicinal plants in protecting against the development of health outcomes associated with MetS. We aim to provide the state of the current knowledge on the use of medicinal plants and their therapeutically important phytochemicals by discussing the current trends, with critical examples from recent primary references of how medicinal plants are being used in South African rural and urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T. Nyakudya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Thulani Tshabalala
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X923, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Rachael Dangarembizi
- Department of Human Biology Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Kennedy H. Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa;
| | - Ashwell R. Ndhlala
- Green Technologies Research Centre of Excellence, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-15-268-2190
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El-Saber Batiha G, Alkazmi LM, Wasef LG, Beshbishy AM, Nadwa EH, Rashwan EK. Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E202. [PMID: 32019140 PMCID: PMC7072209 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicinal products have been documented as a significant source for discovering new pharmaceutical molecules that have been used to treat serious diseases. Many plant species have been reported to have pharmacological activities attributable to their phytoconstituents such are glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, etc. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) is a traditional spice that has been used for food preservation and possesses various pharmacological activities. S. aromaticum is rich in many phytochemicals as follows: sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, hydrocarbon, and phenolic compounds. Eugenyl acetate, eugenol, and β-caryophyllene are the most significant phytochemicals in clove oil. Pharmacologically, S. aromaticum has been examined toward various pathogenic parasites and microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, Plasmodium, Babesia, Theileria parasites, Herpes simplex, and hepatitis C viruses. Several reports documented the analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic, anti-depressant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial activity of eugenol against several pathogenic bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusepidermidis and S. aureus. Moreover, eugenol was found to protect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and showed a potential lethal efficacy against the multiplication of various parasites including Giardia lamblia, Fasciolagigantica, Haemonchuscontortus, and Schistosomamansoni. This review examines the phytochemical composition and biological activities of clove extracts along with clove essential oil and the main active compound, eugenol, and implicates new findings from gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Luay M. Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lamiaa G. Wasef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Eman H. Nadwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Eman K. Rashwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt;
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel-Hamid M, Osman A, El-Hadary A, Romeih E, Sitohy M, Li L. Hepatoprotective action of papain-hydrolyzed buffalo milk protein on carbon tetrachloride oxidative stressed albino rats. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1884-1893. [PMID: 31837790 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Buffalo skim milk retentate was hydrolyzed with papain for 4 h (enzyme:substrate, 1:200), resulting in a retentate hydrolysate (RH) with a degree of hydrolysis of 23%. We then investigated the potential hepatoprotective activity of RH at 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight per day on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress in albino rats. Liver biomarkers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase), kidney biomarkers (urea, creatinine), and serum lipid profile (total lipids and triglycerides) were measured, in addition to histopathological status. Injection of CCl4 significantly increased all liver and kidney biomarkers compared with the negative control. In contrast, CCl4 injection significantly reduced hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities; that is, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Oral administration of RH for 28 d effectively maintained a physiologically normal range of liver and kidney biomarkers compared with the positive control. Furthermore, RH administration significantly increased activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Histopathological sections of CCl4-stressed rats treated with RH were different from that of the positive control and were similar to those of the negative control, in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results demonstrated the antihepatotoxic activities of buffalo milk RH and demonstrated that the higher RH concentration (500 mg/kg of body weight per day) could maintain the healthy biological status of the CCl4-injected rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdel-Hamid
- Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - A Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - A El-Hadary
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Banha University, Banha 13736, Egypt
| | - E Romeih
- Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - M Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - L Li
- Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China.
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El-Hadary AE, Elsanhoty RM, Ramadan MF. In vivo protective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis oil against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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El-Beeh ME, Aljabri M, Orabi HF, Qari SH, Ramadan MF. Ameliorative impact of cold-pressed Rosmarinus officinalis oil against liver toxicity and genotoxic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and their offspring. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12905. [PMID: 31353725 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, lifelong condition threatening human health. Rosmarinus officinalis oil (RO) could have a future role in DM therapy. This study evaluated the composition and antioxidative potential of RO. Antidiabetic traits of RO in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was also studied considering the ameliorative impact against embryogenesis defects using in vitro and in vivo biochemical, histological, and genetic assays. RO was investigated for fatty acids and bioactive compounds (tocols and total phenolic compounds), and antiradical potential against DPPH• radicals. The genetic effects were investigated using comet assay and DNA fragmentation test. DM was induced to albino rats by injecting 60 mg/kg of STZ, while RO (100 mg/kg b.w.) was administered. The pregnant animals were divided into four groups; control (C), RO-treated (RO), diabetic (D), and combined diabetic with RO-treated (D-RO). The study was conducted for 180 days. In RO, the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids were 42.3%, 41.7%, and 15.8%, respectively. The levels of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols were 280, 20, 1,025, and 35 mg/100 g RO, respectively. RO contained 7.2 mg GAE/g of total phenolic compounds (TPC), while RO quenched 70% of DPPH• radicals. While glucose levels reached the highest in DM rats, treating STZ-induced diabetic animals with RO-resoluted serum glucose levels. RO reduced the highest levels of serum chemistry parameters were recorded in DM animals. Histological photographs of maternal and fetus liver exhibited degenerated hepatic cells and congestion central vein. Comet cells and DNA fragments were significantly decreased in D-RO group comparing to the DM group. RO exhibited antidiabetic capabilities, and thus, it could be utilized as a functional ingredient in novel foods, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements for diabetic patients. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: RO is rich in bioactive phytochemicals (tocols and phenolic compounds) with antiradical and antihyperglycemic capabilities. Tocols and phenolics are active in radical scavenging of reactive nitrogen species (i.e., peroxynitrite and nitrogen dioxide), and in the prevention of DNA bases nitration. Our results demonstrated that RO could improve the disturbed metabolism of carbohydrate in STZ-diabetic animals. The potential mode of action of bioactive compounds in RO most likely encompasses the intracellular pathway involved in glucose homeostasis or insulin signaling. In addition, the suppression of oxidative stress by phenolic compounds could provide to the antidiabetic impacts of RO. Our data supported that RO could be utilized to ameliorate DM. Protection with RO directed high protection of the maternal organs and offspring against the oxidative stress of diabetes due to the antihyperlipidemic effects and the antioxidant capabilities of RO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El-Beeh
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Biology Department, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljabri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham F Orabi
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Biology Department, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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29
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Abdelrahman MT, Maina EN, Elshemy HA. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and honey extracts significantly reduce inflammatory cytokines and liver function enzymes in experimental rats fed on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad T. Abdelrahman
- Radiobiochemistry Unit, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Dept, Pan African University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Esther N. Maina
- Department of Biochemistry University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hany A. Elshemy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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30
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El-Hadary AE, Ramadan MF. Phenolic profiles, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12803. [PMID: 31353600 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work is aimed to evaluate phenolics composition, and in vitro antioxidant activities of hydro-methanol pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract (MPE). In addition, the antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effect of MPE in Wister albino rats was compared with standard drugs (glibenclamide and atorvastatin). Total phenolic content and total flavonoid contents in MPE (mg g-1 ) accounted for 188.9 as GAE and 13.95 as QE, respectively. Phenolic and flavonoids compounds in MPE analyzed by HPLC and revealed the presence of 23 phenolic compounds and 20 flavonoid compounds. For in vivo experiment, 56 rats were distributed into 8 groups. Group 1 was the normal control, while group 2 contained rats orally administrated with 200 mg kg-1 MPE daily. Group 3 contained diabetic rats (induced with a single dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. alloxan). Group 4 contained diabetic rats administered daily with 200 mg/kg MPE. Group 5 contained diabetic rats administered orally with a glibenclamide (standard drug for diabetic) at 10 mg/kg daily. Group 6 fed with high fat diet (HFD). Group 7 contained HFD-rats administered orally with 200 mg/kg MPE daily. Group 8 contained HFD-rats administered orally with atorvastatin (used to lower LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and fats and to raise HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the blood) at 10 mg/kg daily. The study lasted for 56 days. Administration with MPE 200 mg/kg to both diabetic and hyperlipidemic rats significantly decreased blood glucose, HbA1c , total lipid, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, as well as improved liver and kidney functions, compared with glibenclamide and atorvastatin effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Pomegranate peel, constituted about 50% of fruit fresh weight, is rich in bioactive compounds with potent health-promoting activities. The results of the current study stated that MPE is rich in phenolics and flavonoids with powerful antioxidant potential. In addition, MPE showed antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities due to the strong antiradical action via its antioxidant compounds. MPE enhanced liver and kidney functions when compared to standard drugs in diabetic and hyperlipidemic rats. MPC could be used as a natural material to develop diabetic and hyperlipidemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla E El-Hadary
- Faculty of Agriculture, Biochemistry Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Scientific Research Deanship, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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El-Hadary AE, Ramadan MF. Antioxidant traits and protective impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against diclofenac sodium-induced liver toxicity in rats. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12704. [PMID: 31353658 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera gained importance as a medicinal plant. The current study assesses Moringa leaf ethanol extracts (MLE) against experimentally diclofenac sodium (DcNa)-induced liver toxicity in male rats. Leaves were extracted with different solvents differing in polarity. Assessment involved total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·). HPLC was performed for identifying phenolic compounds, wherein ethyl vanillin (1,205 mg/kg), 3-OH-tyrosol (812.2 mg/kg), benzoic acid (273.8 mg/kg), salicylic acid (240.0 mg/kg), chlorogenic acid (233.3 mg/kg) and 3,4,5-methoxy-cinnamic acid (172.5 mg/kg) were measured. Fifty animals (each treatment group consisted of 10 rats) were subjected to five treatments and the experiment lasted for 4 weeks. Animals were exposed to DcNa (100 mg/kg) and two doses of MLE as well as silymarin (an antioxidant flavonoid C25 H22 O10 ) for 4 weeks. Liver marker enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase as well as urea, uric acid, and creatinine were increased. Serum albumin and total protein decreased in DcNa-treated rats. Homogenates nitric oxide increased in liver tissue of the DcNa-treated rats, while the activity of each of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione, and catalase decreased. It could be concluded that MLE in both doses and silymarin are considerably hepatoprotective with antioxidant activity (AOA) against DcNa-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Administration of MLE caused improvements in kidney functions and acted as antioxidant enzymes as compared with silymarin (as a reference drug). AOA was exhibited by MLE in vivo, and this would have a positive effect against oxidative liver damage caused by DcNa. Plasma membrane was protected and the regenerative and reparative capacity of liver increased by phenolics in the MLE. The study demonstrated the MLE hepatoprotective activity and recommends using M. oleifera leaves for the treatment of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla E El-Hadary
- Faculty of Agriculture, Biochemistry Department, Banha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Scientific Research Deanship, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Amelioration of Single Clove Black Garlic Aqueous Extract on Dyslipidemia and Hepatitis in Chronic Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxicated Swiss Albino Mice. Int J Hepatol 2018; 2018:9383950. [PMID: 29854468 PMCID: PMC5954851 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9383950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Single clove garlic is the product of atypical bulbing process of garlic under specific conditions. Therefore, the number of researches on single clove garlic bioactivity is limited. Recently, the hepatoprotective effect of single clove garlic has been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated amelioration of single clove black garlic aqueous extract, a processed product from single clove garlic, on dyslipidemia and hepatitis induced by chronic administration of CCl4. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, extract control, CCl4 intoxication, and coadministrated CCl4 and extract group. Mice were orally given a dose of 1 ml/kg body weight of CCl4 for 28 days twice a week to establish chronic liver injury model. To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of single clove black garlic, mice were cotreated with CCl4 and single clove black garlic extract (200 mg/kg body weight) via gastric gauge for 30 days. Cotreatment with CCl4 and extract could improve the changes of body weight, liver weight, and relative liver weight as compared to CCl4 intoxicated mice. Single clove black garlic ameliorated dyslipidemia and the elevation of ALT and AST levels induced by chronic CCl4 intoxication. Histological studies revealed that single clove black garlic could prevent mononuclear cells infiltration and hepatocyte necrosis.
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Ganesan P, Ramalingam P, Karthivashan G, Ko YT, Choi DK. Recent developments in solid lipid nanoparticle and surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticle delivery systems for oral delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds in various chronic diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1569-1583. [PMID: 29588585 PMCID: PMC5858819 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s155593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) delivery systems have a wide applicability in the delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds to treat various chronic diseases, including diabetes, cancer, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. The multiple benefits of SLN delivery include improved stability, smaller particle size, leaching prevention and enhanced lymphatic uptake of the bioactive compounds through oral delivery. However, the burst release makes the SLN delivery systems inadequate for the oral delivery of various phyto-bioactive compounds that can treat such chronic diseases. Recently, the surface-modified SLN (SMSLN) was observed to overcome this limitation for oral delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds, and there is growing evidence of an enhanced uptake of curcumin delivered orally via SMSLNs in the brain. This review focuses on different SLN and SMSLN systems that are useful for oral delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds to treat various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tag Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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The Antioxidant Content and Protective Effect of Argan Oil and Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Biochemical and Histological Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020610. [PMID: 29463041 PMCID: PMC5855832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important etiology of chronic diseases and many studies have shown that natural products might alleviate oxidative stress-induced pathogenesis. The study aims to evaluate the effect of Argan oil and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced liver, brain and kidney tissue toxicity as well as biochemical changes in wistar rats. The antioxidant content of Argan oil and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil was studied with the use of gas chromatography. The animals received daily by gavage, for 21 days, either distilled water, Syzygium aromaticum essential oil, Argan oil, H2O2 alone, H2O2 and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil, or H2O2 and Argan oil. Blood samples were withdrawn on day 21 for the biochemical blood tests, and the kidney, liver and brain tissue samples were prepared for histopathology examination. The results showed that the content of antioxidant compounds in Syzygium aromaticum essential oil is higher than that found in Argan oil. H2O2 increased level of blood urea, liver enzymes, total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), Triglycerides (TG) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), and decreased the total protein, albumin and High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). There was no significant effect on blood electrolyte or serum creatinine. The histopathology examination demonstrated that H2O2 induces dilatation in the central vein, inflammation and binucleation in the liver, congestion and hemorrhage in the brain, and congestion in the kidney. The H2O2-induced histopathological and biochemical changes have been significantly alleviated by Syzygium aromaticum essential oil or Argan oil. It is concluded that the Argan oil and especially the mixture of Argan oil with Syzygium aromaticum essential oil can reduce the oxidative damage caused by H2O2, and this will pave the way to investigate the protective effects of these natural substances in the diseases attributed to the high oxidative stress.
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Wang X, Gao X, He B, Zhu J, Lou H, Hu Q, Jin Y, Fu Z. Cis-bifenthrin induces immunotoxicity in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1849-1856. [PMID: 28251819 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin (BF) is an important synthetic pyrethroid. Previous studies have demonstrated that cis-BF exhibits toxic effects on development, the neurological, reproductive and endocrine system. In this study, we evaluated the immunotoxicity caused by cis-BF in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were exposed orally to 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/d for 3 weeks. The results showed that body weight, spleen weight, and splenic cellularity decreased in mice exposed to 20 mg/kg/d cis-BF. Additionally, we found that the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-1, and TNF-α, in peritoneal macrophages, the spleen, and the thymus were inhibited in the cis-BF-treated groups. Moreover, MTT assays demonstrated that cis-BF inhibited splenocyte proliferation stimulated by LPS or Con A, as well as the secretion of IFN-γ on Con A stimulation. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that exposure to cis-BF has the potential to induce immunotoxicity in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xingli Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Huihui Lou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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