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Konii H, Sato K, Kikuchi S, Okiyama H, Watanabe R, Hasegawa A, Yamamoto K, Itoh F, Hirano T, Watanabe T. Stimulatory Effects of Cardiotrophin 1 on Atherosclerosis. Hypertension 2013; 62:942-50. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), an interleukin-6 family cytokine, was recently shown to be expressed in the intima of early atherosclerotic lesions in the human carotid artery. CT-1 stimulates proatherogenic molecule expression in human vascular endothelial cells and monocyte migration. However, it has not been reported whether CT-1 accelerates atherosclerosis. This study was performed to examine the stimulatory effects of CT-1 on human macrophage foam cell formation and vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation in vitro, and on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE
−/−
) mice in vivo. CT-1 was expressed at high levels in endothelial cells and macrophages in both humans and ApoE
−/−
mice. CT-1 significantly enhanced oxidized low-density lipoprotein–induced foam cell formation associated with increased levels of CD36 and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 expression in human monocyte–derived macrophages. CT-1 significantly stimulated the migration, proliferation, and collagen-1 expression in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Four-week infusion of CT-1 into ApoE
−/−
mice significantly accelerated the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions with increased monocyte/macrophage infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and collagen-1 content in the aortic wall. Activation of inflammasome, such as apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, nuclear factor κB, and cyclooxygenase-2, was observed in exudate peritoneal macrophages from ApoE
−/−
mice infused with CT-1. Infusion of anti–CT-1–neutralizing antibody alone into ApoE
−/−
mice significantly suppressed monocyte/macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic lesions. These results indicate that CT-1 accelerates the development of atherosclerotic lesions by stimulating the inflammasome, foam cell formation associated with CD36 and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 upregulation in macrophages, and migration, proliferation, and collagen-1 production in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Konii
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Kengo Sato
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Sayaka Kikuchi
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Hazuki Okiyama
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Rena Watanabe
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Akinori Hasegawa
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Keigo Yamamoto
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Fumiko Itoh
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan (H.K., K.S., S.K., H.O., R.W., A.H., K.Y., F.I., T.W.); and Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
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