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Bai Y, Tian D, Ren Z, Yue D, Ren Q, Pei L, Pan J. The dependences of mesenchymal stem cells commitments on the size, concentration, internalization and exposure time of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles through F-actin, Lamin A and ROS. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023. [PMID: 36939155 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Though magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are approved for clinical use as contrast agents for MR imaging in United States and Europe, and are widely used to label cells in research, the relationship between IONPs and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is not fully addressed. Here the effects of consistently appeared γ-Fe2 O3 on the lineage commitment of MSCs were studied to optimize applications of IONPs in MSCs upon verification of viability. 30 nm 10 μg/mL induced highest promotions on osteogenesis, while 30 and 50 nm of 100 μg/mL elicited most chondrogensis in 14 days, where the effects on ALP, GAG and SOX9 appeared after 7 days, while on RUNX2 came out after 10 days. γ-Fe2 O3 enhanced intracellular and extracellular Fe3+ and ROS, modulated F-actin and decreased Lamin A of MSCs at different time scale. The disturbances of F-actin, Lamin A or ROS altered the effects of γ-Fe2 O3 on MSC differentiation. Our results demonstrate that different size, concentration and modulation of γ-Fe2 O3 are needed in its MSC applications for bone and cartilage tissues. Furthermore, an undocumented phenomenon that the modulation of F-actin affected the Lamin A expression in MSCs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Bai
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dangyang Yue
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Pei
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Peserico A, Di Berardino C, Russo V, Capacchietti G, Di Giacinto O, Canciello A, Camerano Spelta Rapini C, Barboni B. Nanotechnology-Assisted Cell Tracking. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091414. [PMID: 35564123 PMCID: PMC9103829 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of nanoparticles (NPs) in the diagnostic and/or therapeutic sector is derived from their aptitude for navigating intra- and extracellular barriers successfully and to be spatiotemporally targeted. In this context, the optimization of NP delivery platforms is technologically related to the exploitation of the mechanisms involved in the NP–cell interaction. This review provides a detailed overview of the available technologies focusing on cell–NP interaction/detection by describing their applications in the fields of cancer and regenerative medicine. Specifically, a literature survey has been performed to analyze the key nanocarrier-impacting elements, such as NP typology and functionalization, the ability to tune cell interaction mechanisms under in vitro and in vivo conditions by framing, and at the same time, the imaging devices supporting NP delivery assessment, and consideration of their specificity and sensitivity. Although the large amount of literature information on the designs and applications of cell membrane-coated NPs has reached the extent at which it could be considered a mature branch of nanomedicine ready to be translated to the clinic, the technology applied to the biomimetic functionalization strategy of the design of NPs for directing cell labelling and intracellular retention appears less advanced. These approaches, if properly scaled up, will present diverse biomedical applications and make a positive impact on human health.
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit regenerative and reparative properties. However, most MSC-related studies remain to be translated for regular clinical usage, partly due to challenges in pre-transplantation cell labelling and post-transplantation cell tracking. Amidst this, there are growing concerns over the toxicity of commonly used gadolinium-based contrast agents that mediate in-vivo cell detection via MRI. This urges to search for equally effective but less toxic alternatives that would facilitate and enhance MSC detection post-administration and provide therapeutic benefits in-vivo. MSCs labelled with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have shown promising results in-vitro and in-vivo. Thus, it would be useful to revisit these studies before inventing new labelling approaches. Aiming to inform regenerative medicine and augment clinical applications of IONP-labelled MSCs, this review collates and critically evaluates the utility of IONPs in enhancing MSC detection and therapeutics. It explains the rationale, principle, and advantages of labelling MSCs with IONPs, and describes IONP-induced intracellular alterations and consequent cellular manifestations. By exemplifying clinical pathologies, it examines contextual in-vitro, animal, and clinical studies that used IONP-labelled bone marrow-, umbilical cord-, adipose tissue- and dental pulp-derived MSCs. It compiles and discusses studies involving MSC-labelling of IONPs in combinations with carbohydrates (Venofer, ferumoxytol, dextran, glucosamine), non-carbohydrate polymers [poly(L-lysine), poly(lactide-co-glycolide), poly(L-lactide), polydopamine], elements (ruthenium, selenium, gold, zinc), compounds/stains (silica, polyethylene glycol, fluorophore, rhodamine B, DAPI, Prussian blue), DNA, Fibroblast growth Factor-2 and the drug doxorubicin. Furthermore, IONP-labelling of MSC exosomes is reviewed. Also, limitations of IONP-labelling are addressed and methods of tackling those challenges are suggested.
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Ledda M, Fioretti D, Lolli MG, Papi M, Di Gioia C, Carletti R, Ciasca G, Foglia S, Palmieri V, Marchese R, Grimaldi S, Rinaldi M, Lisi A. Biocompatibility assessment of sub-5 nm silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in human stem cells and in mice for potential application in nanomedicine. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:1759-1778. [PMID: 31895375 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09683c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a size <5 nm are emerging nanomaterials for their excellent biocompatibility, chemical stability, and tunable surface modifications. The applications explored include dual-modal or multi-modal imaging, drug delivery, theranostics and, more recently, magnetic resonance angiography. Good biocompatibility and biosafety are regarded as the preliminary requirements for their biomedical applications and further exploration in this field is still required. We previously synthesized and characterized ultrafine (average core size of 3 nm) silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide fluorescent nanoparticles, named sub-5 SIO-Fl, uniform in size, shape, chemical properties and composition. The cellular uptake and in vitro biocompatibility of the as-synthesized nanoparticles were demonstrated in a human colon cancer cellular model. Here, we investigated the biocompatibility of sub-5 SIO-Fl nanoparticles in human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (hAMSCs). Kinetic analysis of cellular uptake showed a quick nanoparticle internalization in the first hour, increasing over time and after long exposure (48 h), the uptake rate gradually slowed down. We demonstrated that after internalization, sub-5 SIO-Fl nanoparticles neither affect hAMSC growth, viability, morphology, cytoskeletal organization, cell cycle progression, immunophenotype, and the expression of pro-angiogenic and immunoregulatory paracrine factors nor the osteogenic and myogenic differentiation markers. Furthermore, sub-5 SIO-Fl nanoparticles were intravenously injected into mice to investigate the in vivo biodistribution and toxicity profile for a time period of 7 weeks. Our findings showed an immediate transient accumulation of nanoparticles in the kidney, followed by the liver and lungs, where iron contents increased over a 7-week period. Histopathology, hematology, serum pro-inflammatory response, body weight and mortality studies demonstrated a short- and long-term biocompatibility and biosafety profile with no apparent acute and chronic toxicity caused by these nanoparticles in mice. Overall, these results suggest the feasibility of using sub-5 SIO-Fl nanoparticles as a promising agent for stem cell magnetic targeting as well as for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Potential Regression of Dysplasia Associating Experimental Liver Fibrosis in Albino Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5376165. [PMID: 31781620 PMCID: PMC6874956 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5376165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Assessing the therapeutic efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) labeled bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on experimental liver fibrosis and associated dysplasia. Materials and Methods MSCs were obtained from 10 male Sprague-Dawley rats while 50 female rats were divided into control (CG), liver fibrosis (CCL4, intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 for 8 weeks), and CCL4 rats treated with SPIO-labeled MSCs (MSCs/CCl4) with and without continuing CCL4 injection for another 8 weeks. Assessment included liver histopathology, liver function tests, transmission electron microscopic tracing for homing of SPIO-MSCs, immunofluorescence histochemistry for fibrosis and dysplasia markers (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1), proliferation nuclear antigen (PCNA), glypican 3)), and quantitative gene expression analysis for matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Results SPIO-labeled MSCs were engrafted in the fibrotic liver and the BM/MSCs demonstrated regression for fibrous tissue deposition and inhibition progression of dysplastic changes in the liver of CCl4-treated rats on both the histological and molecular levels. Conclusion BM-MSCs possess regenerative and antidysplastic potentials.
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Elkhenany H, Abd Elkodous M, Ghoneim NI, Ahmed TA, Ahmed SM, Mohamed IK, El-Badri N. Comparison of different uncoated and starch-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Implications for stem cell tracking. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:763-774. [PMID: 31626822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
However, labelling of stem cells using nanoparticles (NPs) for tracking purpose has been intensively investigated, the biosafety of these materials needs more clarification. Herein, different forms of iron oxide Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and CoxNi1-x Fe2O4 NPs either uncoated or starch-coated (ST-coated) were prepared. We successfully labelled adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) using these NPs with the aid of lipofectamine as a transfection agent (TA). We then evaluated the effect of these NPs on stem cell proliferation, viability, migration and angiogenesis. Results showed that ASCs labelled with Fe2O3, Fe3O4, ST-Fe2O3 and ST-Fe3O4 did not show any significant difference in proliferation compared to that of TA-treated cells. Moreover, they have shown a protective effect against apoptosis. Conversely, CoxNi1-x Fe2O4 NPs caused a significant decrease in cell proliferation. Compared to that of the TA-treated cells, the migration capacity of cells labelled with Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and CoxNi1-xFe2O4 was significantly compromised. Interestingly, the ST-coated composites reversed this effect. Among the groups treated with different NPs, the angiogenic potential of the ASCs was most robust in the ST-Fe2O3-treated group. In conclusion, labelling ASCs with ST-Fe2O3 NPs enhanced cell migration and angiogenic potential and conferred higher resistance to apoptosis than labelling the cells with the other tested NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Elkhenany
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - M Abd Elkodous
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Nehal I Ghoneim
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Toka A Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Sara M Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Ihab K Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt.
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Dadfar SM, Roemhild K, Drude NI, von Stillfried S, Knüchel R, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019. [PMID: 30639256 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.005.iron] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Many different iron oxide nanoparticles have been evaluated over the years, for a wide variety of biomedical applications. We here summarize the synthesis, surface functionalization and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles, as well as their (pre-) clinical use in diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic settings. Diagnostic applications include liver, lymph node, inflammation and vascular imaging, employing mostly magnetic resonance imaging but recently also magnetic particle imaging. Therapeutic applications encompass iron supplementation in anemia and advanced cancer treatments, such as modulation of macrophage polarization, magnetic fluid hyperthermia and magnetic drug targeting. Because of their properties, iron oxide nanoparticles are particularly useful for theranostic purposes. Examples of such setups, in which diagnosis and therapy are intimately combined and in which iron oxide nanoparticles are used, are image-guided drug delivery, image-guided and microbubble-mediated opening of the blood-brain barrier, and theranostic tissue engineering. Together, these directions highlight the versatility and the broad applicability of iron oxide nanoparticles, and indicate the integration in future medical practice of multiple iron oxide nanoparticle-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammadali Dadfar
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolin Roemhild
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natascha I Drude
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials - DWI, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Saskia von Stillfried
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Dadfar SM, Roemhild K, Drude NI, von Stillfried S, Knüchel R, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:302-325. [PMID: 30639256 PMCID: PMC7115878 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many different iron oxide nanoparticles have been evaluated over the years, for a wide variety of biomedical applications. We here summarize the synthesis, surface functionalization and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles, as well as their (pre-) clinical use in diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic settings. Diagnostic applications include liver, lymph node, inflammation and vascular imaging, employing mostly magnetic resonance imaging but recently also magnetic particle imaging. Therapeutic applications encompass iron supplementation in anemia and advanced cancer treatments, such as modulation of macrophage polarization, magnetic fluid hyperthermia and magnetic drug targeting. Because of their properties, iron oxide nanoparticles are particularly useful for theranostic purposes. Examples of such setups, in which diagnosis and therapy are intimately combined and in which iron oxide nanoparticles are used, are image-guided drug delivery, image-guided and microbubble-mediated opening of the blood-brain barrier, and theranostic tissue engineering. Together, these directions highlight the versatility and the broad applicability of iron oxide nanoparticles, and indicate the integration in future medical practice of multiple iron oxide nanoparticle-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammadali Dadfar
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolin Roemhild
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natascha I Drude
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials - DWI, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Saskia von Stillfried
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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In Vitro Neural Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Carrying the FTH1 Reporter Gene and Detection with MRI. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1978602. [PMID: 30046590 PMCID: PMC6038692 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1978602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on the ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) reporter gene has been used to trace stem cells. However, whether FTH1 expression is affected by stem cell differentiation or whether cell differentiation is affected by reporter gene expression remains unclear. Here, we explore the relationship between FTH1 expression and neural differentiation in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) carrying FTH1 into neuron-like cells and investigate the feasibility of using FTH1 as an MRI reporter gene to detect neurally differentiated cells. By inducing cell differentiation with all-trans retinoic acid and a modified neuronal medium, MSCs and MSCs-FTH1 were successfully differentiated into neuron-like cells (Neurons and Neurons-FTH1), and the neural differentiation rates were (91.56±7.89)% and (92.23±7.64)%, respectively. Neuron-specific markers, including nestin, neuron-specific enolase, and microtubule-associated protein-2, were significantly expressed in Neurons-FTH1 and Neurons without noticeable differences. On the other hand, FTH1 was significantly expressed in MSCs-FTH1 and Neurons-FTH1 cells, and the expression levels were not significantly different. The R2 value was significantly increased in MSCs-FTH1 and Neurons-FTH1 cells, which was consistent with the findings of Prussian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy, and intracellular iron measurements. These results suggest that FTH1 gene expression did not affect MSC differentiation into neurons and was not affected by neural differentiation. Thus, MRI reporter gene imaging based on FTH1 can be used for the detection of neurally differentiated cells from MSCs.
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Gnanadevi RG, Ramesh G, Kannan TA, William BJ, Parthiban M, Sathyan G. In-vitro Labelling of Ovine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (oADMSCs) and Tracking Using MRI Technique. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/macvetrev-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms standing behind a successful stem cell-based therapy, the monitoring of transplanted cell’s migration, homing as well as the engraftment efficiency and functional capability in-vivo has become a critical issue. The present study was designed to track the labelled oADMSCs in-vitro and its visualization through MRI technique. oADMSCs from passage 4 (P-4) to passage 6 (P-6) were labelled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) conjugated with rhodamine (Molday Ion Rhodamine-B - MIRB) at the concentration of 25μg Fe/ml in DMEM. Internalized MIRB was observed under fluorescent microscope after 72 hrs of incubation. Labelled oADMSCs showed Prussian Blue positive reaction demonstrating the iron uptake of the cells. The viability of the MIRB-labelled oADMSCs ranged between 98-99 per cent and Trypan blue exclusion test showed no significant difference in viability between labelled and unlabelled oADMSCs. MR signal in control group of cells was similar to that of water. MR signals or fluorescence in MIRB-labelled cells decreased with increasing concentrations of iron. The T2 weighted images of MIRB-labelled oADMSCs increased with increasing concentrations of SPIOs. The MIRB was found to be nontoxic, and did not affect proliferation capacity in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gnanam Gnanadevi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Madras Veterinary College , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , India
| | - Geetha Ramesh
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Madras Veterinary College , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , India
| | - Thandavan Arthanari Kannan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Madras Veterinary College , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , India
| | - Benjamin Justin William
- Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Madras Veterinary College , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , India
| | - Manoharan Parthiban
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , India
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11
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Magnetic stromal layers for enhanced and unbiased recovery of co-cultured hematopoietic cells. Anal Biochem 2016; 509:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Bigini P, Zanier ER, Saragozza S, Maciotta S, Romele P, Bonassi Signoroni P, Silini A, Pischiutta F, Sammali E, Balducci C, Violatto MB, Talamini L, Garry D, Moscatelli D, Ferrari R, Salmona M, De Simoni MG, Maggi F, Simoni G, Grati FR, Parolini O. Internalization of nanopolymeric tracers does not alter characteristics of placental cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1036-48. [PMID: 26987908 PMCID: PMC4882978 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cell therapy scenario, efficient tracing of transplanted cells is essential for investigating cell migration and interactions with host tissues. This is fundamental to provide mechanistic insights which altogether allow for the understanding of the translational potential of placental cell therapy in the clinical setting. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) from human placenta are increasingly being investigated for their potential in treating patients with a variety of diseases. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using poly (methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles (PMMA‐NPs) to trace placental MSC, namely those from the amniotic membrane (hAMSC) and early chorionic villi (hCV‐MSC). We report that PMMP‐NPs are efficiently internalized and retained in both populations, and do not alter cell morphofunctional parameters. We observed that PMMP‐NP incorporation does not alter in vitro immune modulatory capability of placental MSC, a characteristic central to their reparative/therapeutic effects in vitro. We also show that in vitro, PMMP‐NP uptake is not affected by hypoxia. Interestingly, after in vivo brain ischaemia and reperfusion injury achieved by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) in mice, iv hAMSC treatment resulted in significant improvement in cognitive function compared to PBS‐treated tMCAo mice. Our study provides evidence that tracing placental MSC with PMMP‐NPs does not alter their in vitro and in vivo functions. These observations are grounds for the use of PMMP‐NPs as tools to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of hAMSC and hCV‐MSC in preclinical models of inflammatory‐driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bigini
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Saragozza
- R&D Unit, TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A., Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Maciotta
- R&D Unit, TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A., Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - Pietro Romele
- Centro di Ricerca "E. Menni", Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Silini
- Centro di Ricerca "E. Menni", Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Eliana Sammali
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laura Talamini
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - David Garry
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Salmona
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | | | - Federico Maggi
- R&D Unit, TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A., Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Simoni
- R&D Unit, TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A., Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Ornella Parolini
- Centro di Ricerca "E. Menni", Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
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Development of a simple procedure for the treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis with intra-osseous injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: study of their biodistribution in the early time points after injection. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:68. [PMID: 25889681 PMCID: PMC4448288 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a degenerative disease progressing to a femoral head (FH) collapse. Injection of osteoprogenitor cells like bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) into the FH appears to be a good therapeutic treatment. However, safety and efficacy of BMSCs to treat bone defect are the main preclinical data required for clinical application. Efficacy and the lack of risk of cell transformation after amplification of BMSCs have been extensively described. The main objectives of this study were to develop a simple and usable procedure for clinicians and control its feasibility by evaluating the biodistribution of BMSCs after injection into the FH in a large animal model. The impact of this approach was evaluated on one natural pig ONFH. Methods BMSCs were directly injected in the pig FH, and then the biodistribution of grafted cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, cytometry, or a combination of classic histology analysis and in situ hybridization (ISH). BMSC efficacy on bone regeneration was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology. Results After 30-minute and 24-hour follow-up, grafted cells were detected at the injection site and no BMSCs were detected in filter organs or body fluids. The combination of classic histology analysis and ISH showed a good homogeneity of cell distribution in FH. Local delivery of BMSCs onto a bone scaffold associated with bone formation in vivo confirmed the preferential tropism of BMSCs to the bone tissue as well as their efficacy to form bone. Treatment of a natural pig ONFH by autologous BMSCs indicated a beginning of bone healing as early as 2 weeks with a complete healing after 9 weeks. At this stage, MRI and histological analysis were similar to those of a normal FH. Conclusions Intra-osseous injection of BMSCs in FH seems to be a good strategy for ONFH treatment as the safety concerning the biodistribution of BMSCs is ensured. Moreover, the efficacy of BMSCs in natural ONFH seems to indicate that this is a promising approach. Altogether, these results constitute the preclinical data necessary for the setup of a clinical application with expanded BMSCs in the context of advanced therapy medicinal products.
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Barthel AK, Dass M, Dröge M, Cramer JM, Baumann D, Urban M, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Lieberwirth I. Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1905-1917. [PMID: 25383302 PMCID: PMC4222285 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of smart drug delivery systems based on biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles has become of great interest. Drug-loaded nanoparticles can be introduced into the cell interior via endocytotic processes followed by the slow release of the drug due to degradation of the nanoparticle. In this work, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was chosen as the biodegradable polymer. Although common degradation of PLLA has been studied in various biological environments, intracellular degradation processes have been examined only to a very limited extent. PLLA nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 120 nm were decorated with magnetite nanocrystals and introduced into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The release of the magnetite particles from the surface of the PLLA nanoparticles during the intracellular residence was monitored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) over a period of 14 days. It was demonstrated by the release of the magnetite nanocrystals from the PLLA surface that the PLLA nanoparticles do in fact undergo degradation within the cell. Furthermore, even after 14 days of residence, the PLLA nanoparticles were found in the MSCs. Additionally, the ultrastructural TEM examinations yield insight into the long term intercellular fate of these nanoparticles. From the statistical analysis of ultrastructural details (e.g., number of detached magnetite crystals, and the number of nanoparticles in one endosome), we demonstrate the importance of TEM studies for such applications in addition to fluorescence studies (flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Barthel
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55123 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Dass
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55123 Mainz, Germany
| | - Melanie Dröge
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55123 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens-Michael Cramer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55123 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela Baumann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55123 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Urban
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55123 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55123 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55123 Mainz, Germany
- 3rd Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55123 Mainz, Germany
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Vernikouskaya I, Fekete N, Bannwarth M, Erle A, Rojewski M, Landfester K, Schmidtke-Schrezenmeier G, Schrezenmeier H, Rasche V. Iron-loaded PLLA nanoparticles as highly efficient intracellular markers for visualization of mesenchymal stromal cells by MRI. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:109-21. [PMID: 24523056 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of the fate of cells after injection appears paramount for the further development of cell therapies. In this context magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing in relevance owing to its unique tissue visualization properties. For assessment of cell trafficking and homing, the cells have to be labeled to become MR visible. The rather low sensitivity of MRI demands dedicated intracellular markers with high payloads of MR contrast agents for ensuring sensitive detection of local cell aggregations. In the presented work the application of custom-designed nanometer-sized iron oxide loaded poly-(l-lactide) (iPLLA) nanoparticles was investigated. The particles were synthesized by the mini-emulsion process and evaluated for labeling of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The efficient cellular uptake and long intracellular retention times of the particles as well as their nontoxicity are demonstrated. The average cellular iron content was 55 pg iron per cell. Further incorporation of, for example, fluorescent dye enables the generation of multireporter particles, providing the great potential for multimodal imaging. The efficiency of these nanoparticles as MRI contrast agent was evaluated in vitro using relaxation rate mapping, yielding relaxivities r2 = 273.3, r2 (*) = 545.1 mm(-1) s(-1) at 3 T and r2 = 415.7, r2 (*) = 872.3 mm(-1) s(-1) at 11.7 T. The high r2 (*) relaxivity of the iPLLA nanoparticles enabled visualization of a single labeled cell in vitro at 50-µm spatial resolution. In vivo evaluation in a rat injury model revealed the potential of the iPLLA particles to efficiently label MSCs for MRI monitoring of ~20 000-40 000 injected cells at 11.7 T. In conclusion the presented work demonstrates the applicability of iPLLA particles as efficient intracellular marker for MSC labeling for monitoring the fate of the cells by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vernikouskaya
- Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Small Animal MRI, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Kasten A, Grüttner C, Kühn JP, Bader R, Pasold J, Frerich B. Comparative in vitro study on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI tracking of adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108055. [PMID: 25244560 PMCID: PMC4171509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using measurement of the transverse relaxation time (R2*) is to be considered as a promising approach for cell tracking experiments to evaluate the fate of transplanted progenitor cells and develop successful cell therapies for tissue engineering. While the relationship between core composition of nanoparticles and their MRI properties is well studied, little is known about possible effects on progenitor cells. This in vitro study aims at comparing two magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle types, single vs. multi-core nanoparticles, regarding their physico-chemical characteristics, effects on cellular behavior of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC) like differentiation and proliferation as well as their detection and quantification by means of MRI. Quantification of both nanoparticle types revealed a linear correlation between labeling concentration and R2* values. However, according to core composition, different levels of labeling concentrations were needed to achieve comparable R2* values. Cell viability was not altered for all labeling concentrations, whereas the proliferation rate increased with increasing labeling concentrations. Likewise, deposition of lipid droplets as well as matrix calcification revealed to be highly dose-dependent particularly regarding multi-core nanoparticle-labeled cells. Synthesis of cartilage matrix proteins and mRNA expression of collagen type II was also highly dependent on nanoparticle labeling. In general, the differentiation potential was decreased with increasing labeling concentrations. This in vitro study provides the proof of principle for further in vivo tracking experiments of progenitor cells using nanoparticles with different core compositions but also provides striking evidence that combined testing of biological and MRI properties is advisable as improved MRI properties of multi-core nanoparticles may result in altered cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kasten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Juliane Pasold
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernhard Frerich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Hofmann D, Messerschmidt C, Bannwarth MB, Landfester K, Mailänder V. Drug delivery without nanoparticle uptake: delivery by a kiss-and-run mechanism on the cell membrane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1369-71. [PMID: 24346146 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all concepts of nanocarriers as drug delivery devices rely on intracellular uptake. Instead, we demonstrate an alternative concept for rapid and specific delivery of cargo by nanoparticles to TIP47+/ADRP+ lipid droplets. The model can serve as a novel strategy for the non-invasive delivery of drugs by releasing hydrophobic cargo, in our case a model dye, through a kiss-and-run mechanism between nanoparticles and the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hofmann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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López-Cebral R, Martín-Pastor M, Seijo B, Sanchez A. Progress in the characterization of bio-functionalized nanoparticles using NMR methods and their applications as MRI contrast agents. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 79:1-13. [PMID: 24815362 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made over the last three decades in the field of NMR, a technique which has proven to have a variety of applications in many scientific disciplines, including nanotechnology. Herein we describe how NMR enables the characterization of nanosystems at different stages of their formation and modification (raw materials, bare or functionalized nanosystems), even making it possible to study in vivo nanoparticle interactions, thereby importantly contributing to nanoparticle design and subsequent optimization. Furthermore, the unique characteristics of nanosystems can open up new prospects for site-targeted, more specific contrast agents, contributing to the development of certain nuclear magnetic resonance applications such as MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita López-Cebral
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Martín-Pastor
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Unit, RIADT, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Begoña Seijo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Molecular ImageGroup, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital Complex (CHUS), A Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Molecular ImageGroup, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital Complex (CHUS), A Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Hansen L, Hansen AB, Mathiasen AB, Ng M, Bhakoo K, Ekblond A, Kastrup J, Friis T. Ultrastructural characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells labeled with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles for clinical tracking studies. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2014; 74:437-46. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2014.900698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Biodistribution of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in a preclinical setting. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:678063. [PMID: 24222773 PMCID: PMC3810433 DOI: 10.1155/2013/678063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their multi/pluripotency and immunosuppressive properties, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are important tools for treatment of immune disorders and tissue repair. The increasing uses of MSCs lead to the development of production processes that need to be in accordance with good manufacturing practices (GMP). In Europe, MSCs are somatic cell-therapy products, referred to as advanced-therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), and in the United States MSCs must comply with current good tissue practice requirements. The safety and efficacy of MSCs must be ensured, whatever the cell source, and studies of dose and biodistribution are important aspects of safety testing. Preclinical data on biodistribution and pharmacodynamics are mandatory for approval. It is important to demonstrate that MSCs do not have unwanted homing that could drive to inappropriate differentiation in some organ or to support cancer development as suggested in some experiments. All these aspects should be addressed in a risk-based approach according to recently published guidelines by EMA. In the present article, we summarize the main approaches for labeling and tracking of infused MSCs, report on current animal models, and give an overview of available results on biodistribution.
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Duchi S, Sotgiu G, Lucarelli E, Ballestri M, Dozza B, Santi S, Guerrini A, Dambruoso P, Giannini S, Donati D, Ferroni C, Varchi G. Mesenchymal stem cells as delivery vehicle of porphyrin loaded nanoparticles: effective photoinduced in vitro killing of osteosarcoma. J Control Release 2013; 168:225-37. [PMID: 23524189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the unique ability to home and engraft in tumor stroma. These features render them potentially a very useful tool as targeted delivery vehicles which can deliver therapeutic drugs to the tumor stroma. In the present study, we investigate whether fluorescent core-shell PMMA nanoparticles (FNPs) post-loaded with a photosensitizer, namely meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) and uploaded by MSC could trigger osteosarcoma (OS) cell death in vitro upon specific photoactivation. In co-culture studies we demonstrate using laser confocal microscopy and time lapse imaging, that only after laser irradiation MSC loaded with photosensitizer-coated fluorescent NPs (TPPS@FNPs) undergo cell death and release reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are sufficient to trigger cell death of all OS cells in the culture. These results encourage further studies aimed at proving the efficacy of this novel tri-component system for PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duchi
- Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute IOR, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Landfester K, Mailänder V. Nanocapsules with specific targeting and release properties using miniemulsion polymerization. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:593-609. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.772976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tautzenberger A, Kovtun A, Ignatius A. Nanoparticles and their potential for application in bone. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4545-57. [PMID: 22923992 PMCID: PMC3423651 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are commonly applied in regenerative therapy and tissue engineering in bone, and have been substantially refined in recent years. Thereby, research approaches focus more and more on nanoparticles, which have great potential for a variety of applications. Generally, nanoparticles interact distinctively with bone cells and tissue, depending on their composition, size, and shape. Therefore, detailed analyses of nanoparticle effects on cellular functions have been performed to select the most suitable candidates for supporting bone regeneration. This review will highlight potential nanoparticle applications in bone, focusing on cell labeling as well as drug and gene delivery. Labeling, eg, of mesenchymal stem cells, which display exceptional regenerative potential, makes monitoring and evaluation of cell therapy approaches possible. By including bioactive molecules in nanoparticles, locally and temporally controlled support of tissue regeneration is feasible, eg, to directly influence osteoblast differentiation or excessive osteoclast behavior. In addition, the delivery of genetic material with nanoparticulate carriers offers the possibility of overcoming certain disadvantages of standard protein delivery approaches, such as aggregation in the bloodstream during systemic therapy. Moreover, nanoparticles are already clinically applied in cancer treatment. Thus, corresponding efforts could lead to new therapeutic strategies to improve bone regeneration or to treat bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tautzenberger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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Florez L, Herrmann C, Cramer JM, Hauser CP, Koynov K, Landfester K, Crespy D, Mailänder V. How shape influences uptake: interactions of anisotropic polymer nanoparticles and human mesenchymal stem cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2222-30. [PMID: 22528663 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Among several nanoparticle properties, shape is important for their interaction with cells and, therefore, relevant for uptake studies and applications. In order to further investigate such characteristics, fluorescently labeled spherical polymer nanoparticles are synthesized by free-radical polymerization via the miniemulsion process. The spherical nanoparticles are subsequently submitted to controlled mechanical deformation to yield quasi-ellipsoidal polymeric nanoparticles with different aspect ratios. The uptake behaviors of spherical and non-spherical particles with equal volume are investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and flow cytometry measurements. Non-spherical particles show fewer uptake by cells than their spherical counterparts with a negative correlation between aspect ratio and uptake rate. This is attributed to the larger average curvature radius of adsorbed non-spherical particles experienced by the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Florez
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- O. O. Maslova
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, NAMS of Ukraine
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