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Ajmal M, Mahato AK, Khan M, Rawat S, Husain A, Almalki EB, Alzahrani MA, Haque A, Hakme MJM, Albalawi AS, Rashid M. Significance of Triazole in Medicinal Chemistry: Advancement in Drug Design, Reward and Biological Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400637. [PMID: 38740555 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
One of the triazole tautomers, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, has a wide range of biological activities that suggest its potential therapeutic utility in medicinal chemistry. These actions include anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-tuberculosis, and anti-diabetic effects. Using computational simulations and models, we investigate the structure-activity relationships of 1,2,4-triazoles, showing how various modifications to the triazole core yield a variety of clinical therapeutic benefits. The review highlights the anti-inflammatory effect of 1,2,4-triazoles in relation to their ability to disrupt significant inflammatory mediators and pathways. We present in-silico data that illuminate the triazoles' capacity to inhibit cell division, encourage apoptosis, and stop metastasis in a range of cancer models. This review looks at the bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, with a focus on their potential efficacy against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections and their usage in tuberculosis therapy. In order to better understand these substances' potential anti-diabetic benefits, this review also looks at how they affect glucose metabolism regulation and insulin responsiveness. Coordinated efforts are required to translate the efficacy of 1,2,4-triazole compounds in preclinical models into practical therapeutic benefits. Based on the information provided, it can be concluded that 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are a promising class of diverse therapeutic agents with potential utility in a range of disorders. Their development and improvement might herald a new era of medical care that will be immensely advantageous to both patients and the medical community as a whole. This comprehensive research, which is further reinforced by in-silico investigations, highlights the great medicinal potential of 1,2,4-triazoles. Additionally, this study encourages more research into these substances and their enhancement for use in pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ajmal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arun Kumar Mahato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mausin Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivani Rawat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110064, India
| | | | | | - Anzarul Haque
- Central Laboratories Unit, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmed Suleman Albalawi
- Tabuk Health Cluster, Erada Mental Health Complex, Tabuk, 47717, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Rashid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Saudi Arabia
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Li J, Liu Y, Men Y, Li Z, Shi Y, Liu X, Chen B. Novel hybrid molecules based on disulfides and 1,2,4-triazole as antiproliferative agents. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2116638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanle Men
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanping Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoquan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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Emerging impact of triazoles as anti-tubercular agent. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114454. [PMID: 35597009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, a disease of poverty is a communicable infection with a reasonably high mortality rate worldwide. 10 Million new cases of TB were reported with approx 1.4 million deaths in the year 2019. Due to the growing number of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis cases, there is a vital need to develop new and effective candidates useful to combat this deadly disease. Despite tremendous efforts to identify a mechanism-based novel antitubercular agent, only a few have entered into clinical trials in the last six decades. In recent years, triazoles have been well explored as the most valuable scaffolds in drug discovery and development. Triazole framework possesses favorable properties like hydrogen bonding, moderate dipole moment, enhanced water solubility, and also the ability to bind effectively with biomolecular targets of M. tuberculosis and therefore this scaffold displayed excellent potency against TB. This review is an endeavor to summarize an up-to-date innovation of triazole-appended hybrids during the last 10 years having potential in vitro and in vivo antitubercular activity with structure activity relationship analysis. This review may help medicinal chemists to explore the triazole scaffolds for the rational design of potent drug candidates having better efficacy, improved selectivity and minimal toxicity so that these hybrid NCEs can effectively be explored as potential lead to fight against M. tuberculosis.
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Adhikari J, Bhattarai A, Chaudhary NK. Synthesis, characterization, physicochemical studies, and antibacterial evaluation of surfactant-based Schiff base transition metal complexes. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Jain A, Piplani P. Exploring the Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Triazoles: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1298-1368. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312162601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
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Triazole is a valuable platform in medicinal chemistry, possessing assorted pharmacological
properties, which could play a major role in the common mechanisms associated with various disorders
like cancer, infections, inflammation, convulsions, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Structural
modification of this scaffold could be helpful in the generation of new therapeutically useful
agents. Although research endeavors are moving towards the growth of synthetic analogs of triazole,
there is still a lot of scope to achieve drug discovery break-through in this area. Upcoming therapeutic
prospective of this moiety has captured the attention of medicinal chemists to synthesize novel triazole
derivatives. The authors amalgamated the chemistry, synthetic strategies and detailed pharmacological
activities of the triazole nucleus in the present review. Information regarding the marketed triazole derivatives
has also been incorporated. The objective of the review is to provide insights to designing and
synthesizing novel triazole derivatives with advanced and unexplored pharmacological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh- 160014, India
| | - Poonam Piplani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh- 160014, India
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Molnar M, Periš I, Komar M. Choline Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvents as a Tuneable Medium for Synthesis of Coumarinyl 1,2,4-Triazoles: Effect of Solvent Type and Temperature. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Molnar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology; Faculty of Food Technology Osijek; F. Kuhača 20 31000 Osijek Croatia
| | - Ivana Periš
- Department of Biology; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek; Cara Hadrijana 8/A 31000 Osijek Croatia
| | - Mario Komar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology; Faculty of Food Technology Osijek; F. Kuhača 20 31000 Osijek Croatia
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Dadmal TL, Appalanaidu K, Kumbhare RM, Mondal T, Ramaiah MJ, Bhadra MP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of triazole and isoxazole-tagged benzothiazole/benzoxazole derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem and the most upsetting disease in humans, leading to death in both developed and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulshiram L. Dadmal
- Fluoroorganic Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Government of Maharashtra's
| | - K. Appalanaidu
- Fluoroorganic Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Ravindra M. Kumbhare
- Fluoroorganic Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - M. Janaki Ramaiah
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
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TSA-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of medicinally important 4-aryl-substituted dihydropyrimidine derivatives fused to pyrazole and triazole scaffolds via an efficient and green Domino reaction. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-1932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Triazole derivatives and their anti-tubercular activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:501-513. [PMID: 28692915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most widespread and leading deadliest diseases, threats one-third of the world's population. Although numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop new anti-TB agents, only a handful of compounds have entered human trials in the past 5 decades. Triazoles including 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole are one of the most important classes of nitrogen containing heterocycles that exhibited various biological activities. Triazole derivatives are regarded as a new class of effective anti-TB candidates owing to their potential anti-TB potency. Thus, molecules containing triazole moiety may show promising in vitro and in vivo anti-TB activities and might be able to prevent the drug resistant to certain extent. This review outlines the advances in the application of triazole-containing hybrids as anti-TB agents, and discusses the structure-activity relationship of these derivatives.
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Moloney H, Magnus NA, Buser JY, Embry MC. Cyclization of Methyl-Coumalate-Derived Methyl 1-Benzamido-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylates: Assembly of the [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine Ring System. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6279-6288. [PMID: 28494588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient three-step synthesis of a series of fused bicyclic s-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines 1 was accomplished utilizing novel intermediates derived from inexpensive, commercially available hydrazides A and methyl coumalate B. A significant feature of this approach was the formation of a dihydrazide intermediate 2, bypassing the need for oxidative N-N bond formation in the 1,2,4-triazole synthesis. Further purification of the dihydrazides 2, beyond simple isolation, proved to be unnecessary owing to the impurity rejection afforded by the crystalline oxadiazolium salts 3. Additionally, the prepared oxadiazolium perchlorate salts showed excellent moisture stability, an unusual feature in compounds of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Moloney
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Nicholas A Magnus
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jonas Y Buser
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Matthew C Embry
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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Reddy BN, Reddy PVG, Reddy PS, Reddy SM, Reddy SRS, Pathak M. Synthesis of New 4,5-Dihydro-1-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-7-amine–Derived Ureas and Their Anticancer Activity. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.989449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijivemula N. Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - S. M. Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Madhavesh Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Keri RS, Patil MR, Patil SA, Budagumpi S. A comprehensive review in current developments of benzothiazole-based molecules in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 89:207-51. [PMID: 25462241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole (BTA) and its derivatives are the most important heterocyclic compounds, which are common and integral feature of a variety of natural products and pharmaceutical agents. BTA shows a variety of pharmacological properties, and its analogs offer a high degree of structural diversity that has proven useful for the search of new therapeutic agents. The broad spectrum of pharmacological activity in individual BTA derivative indicates that, this series of compounds is of an undoubted interest. The related research and developments in BTA-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous BTA-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in practice to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of BTA-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, analgesic, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial and other medicinal agents. It is believed that, this review article is helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic BTA-based drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India.
| | - Mahadeo R Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddappa A Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
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Rana AM, Trivedi P, Desai KR, Jauhari S. Novel S-triazine accommodated 5-benzylidino-4-thiazolidinones: synthesis and in vitro biological evaluations. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-0995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Naeimi H, Tarazian R. Efficient and Facile Catalyst-free One-Pot Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel Bis(2-benzothiazole) Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Naeimi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Kashan, Kashan; 87317 I.R. Iran
| | - Reza Tarazian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Kashan, Kashan; 87317 I.R. Iran
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Patel NB, Khan IH, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E. Anti-HIV, antimycobacterial and antimicrobial studies of newly synthesized 1,2,4-triazole clubbed benzothiazoles. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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