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Ye L, Li C, Zhao X, Ou W, Wang L, Wan M. Exploring the pharmacological mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii hook for treatment of Behcet's disease using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34512. [PMID: 37861497 PMCID: PMC10589559 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii hook (TWH) has been used to treat Behcet's disease (BD) but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanism of TWH on BD using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The bioactive constituents of TWH and their corresponding target genes were extracted from the Traditional Chinese Medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform. BD target genes were obtained by searching the DisGeNet and GeneCards databases. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis were conducted to elucidate the function of overlapping genes between TWH and BD target genes. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape and STRING platforms, and the core target genes were identified from the overlapping genes. Finally, molecular docking was used to assess the binding affinity between the core targets and TWH bioactive constituents. We identified 25 intersection genes related to both TWH and BD and 27 bioactive ingredients of TWH. Through analysis of protein-protein interaction network, 6 core targets (TNF, IFNG, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, NOS2, VCAM-1, and interleukin-2) were screened out. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that the antioxidant properties of TWH constituents might play a significant role in their therapeutic effects. Molecular docking revealed high binding affinity between the bioactive constituents of TWH, such as kaempferol, triptolide, 5, 8-Dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-5-methyl-coumarin-3)-coumarin, and their corresponding target genes, suggesting the potential of TWH to treat BD. Our investigation clarified the active components, therapeutic targets of BD in the treatment of TWH and provided a theoretical foundation for further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Hainan, China
| | - Changrong Li
- Medical Cosmetology Clinic, Hainan Yilimei Medical Cosmetology Co., Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Hainan, China
| | - WeiHong Ou
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Hainan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Hainan, China
| | - Mengjie Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Hainan, China
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Emmi G, Bagni G, Lastraioli E, Di Patti F, Bettiol A, Fiorillo C, Becatti M, Silvestri E, Urban ML, Emmi L, Prisco D, Arcangeli A. A unique circulating miRNA profile highlights thrombo-inflammation in Behçet's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 81:386-397. [PMID: 34844932 PMCID: PMC8862064 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Behçet’s syndrome (BS) is a rare systemic vasculitis often complicated by thrombotic events. Given the lack of validated biomarkers, BS diagnosis relies on clinical criteria. In search of novel biomarkers for BS diagnosis, we determined the profile of plasmatic circulating microRNAs (ci-miRNAs) in patients with BS compared with healthy controls (HCs). Methods ci-miRNA profile was evaluated by microarray in a screening cohort (16 patients with BS and 18 HCs) and then validated by poly(T) adaptor PCR (PTA-PCR) in a validation cohort (30 patients with BS and 30 HCs). Two disease control groups (30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 30 patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) were also analysed. Results From the microarray screening, 29 deregulated (differentially expressed (DE)) human ci-miRNAs emerged. A hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that DE ci-miRNAs clearly segregated patients from controls, independently of clinical features. PTA-PCR analysis on the validation cohort confirmed the deregulation of miR-224-5p, miR-206 and miR-653-5p. The combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that such ci-miRNAs discriminate BS from HCs (and BS with active vs inactive disease), as well as BS from patients with SLE and GCA. The functional annotation analyses (FAAs) showed that the most enriched pathways affected by DE ci-miRNAs (ie, cell–matrix interaction, oxidative stress and blood coagulation) are related to thrombo-inflammatory mechanisms. Accordingly, the expression of the three ci-miRNAs from the validation cohort significantly correlated with leucocyte reactive oxygen species production and plasma lipid peroxidation. Conclusions The ci-miRNA profile identified in this study may represent a novel, poorly invasive BS biomarker, while suggesting an epigenetic control of BS-related thrombo-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.,SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine-Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic-Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bagni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elena Lastraioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Patti
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Center for the Study of Complex Dynamics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bettiol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.,SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine-Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic-Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Urban
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.,SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine-Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic-Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Emmi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.,SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine-Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic-Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy .,Center for the Study of Complex Dynamics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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Emmi G, Becatti M, Bettiol A, Hatemi G, Prisco D, Fiorillo C. Behçet's Syndrome as a Model of Thrombo-Inflammation: The Role of Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1085. [PMID: 31139195 PMCID: PMC6527740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a systemic vasculitis, clinically characterized by different organ involvement and often complicated by thrombosis which occurs in vessels of all sizes. Thrombosis is more frequent in male patients with active disease and represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Neutrophil involvement in BS has been repeatedly suggested in the last few years. Indeed, neutrophils have been shown to be hyperactivated in BS patients, probably with a HLAB51 related contribution, and represent the main cells infiltrating not only oral and genital ulcers or erythema nodosum, but also other sites. Besides being deputed to host defense against micro-organisms, neutrophils display fundamental roles both in inflammation and tissue damage becoming inappropriately activated by cytokines, chemokines and autoantibodies and subsequently producing large amounts of superoxide anion (O2.) via NADPH oxidase (NOX2). The strict relationship between inflammation and hemostasis has been already demonstrated. Indeed, inflammation and immune-mediated disorders increase the risk of thrombosis, but the pathways that link these processes have not been completely elucidated. In this regard, we recently demonstrated, in a large population of BS patients, a new neutrophil-dependent pathogenetic mechanism of thrombosis. In particular, it was shown that neutrophils, mainly through NADPH oxidase, produce excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are able to markedly modify the secondary structure of fibrinogen and hence the overall architecture of the fibrin clot that becomes less susceptible to plasmin-induced lysis. These data point out that BS represents “per se” a model of inflammation-induced thrombosis and suggest that neutrophils specifically contribute to thrombo-inflammation in this rare disease. In particular, it is suggested that an alteration in fibrinogen structure and function are associated with enhanced ROS production via neutrophil NADPH oxidase. Altogether, these findings improve our understanding of the intricate pathogenetic mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation and may indicate potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bettiol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gülen Hatemi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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Becatti M, Emmi G, Silvestri E, Bruschi G, Ciucciarelli L, Squatrito D, Vaglio A, Taddei N, Abbate R, Emmi L, Goldoni M, Fiorillo C, Prisco D. Neutrophil Activation Promotes Fibrinogen Oxidation and Thrombus Formation in Behçet Disease. Circulation 2016; 133:302-11. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.017738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Behçet disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis with a broad range of organ involvement, characterized by a multisystemic, immune-inflammatory disorder involving vessels of all sizes and often complicated by thrombosis. Systemic redox imbalance and circulating neutrophil hyperactivation have been observed in BD patients and are thought to be responsible for impaired coagulation. We here focused on the pathogenetic mechanisms potentially linking immune cell activation and thrombosis, and specifically examined whether neutrophil activation can affect fibrinogen modifications and consequently elicit thrombosis.
Methods and Results—
Blood samples were collected from 98 consecutive BD patients attending our dedicated Center and from 70 age- and sex-matched healthy controls; in all patients fibrinogen function and structure, fibrin susceptibility to plasmin-lysis, plasma redox status, leukocyte oxidative stress markers, and possible reactive oxygen species sources were examined. Thrombin-catalyzed fibrin formation and fibrin susceptibility to plasmin-induced lysis were significantly impaired in BD patients (
P
<0.001). These findings were associated with increased plasma oxidative stress markers (
P
<0.001) and with a marked carbonylation of fibrinogen (
P
<0.001), whose secondary structure appeared deeply modified. Neutrophils displayed an enhanced NADPH oxidase activity and increased reactive oxygen species production (
P
<0.001), which significantly correlated with fibrinogen carbonylation level (
r
2
=0.33,
P
<0.0001), residual β-band intensity (
r
2
=0.07,
P
<0.01), and fibrinogen clotting ability (
r
2
=0.073,
P
<0.01)
Conclusions—
In BD patients, altered fibrinogen structure and impaired fibrinogen function are associated with neutrophil activation and enhanced reactive oxygen species production whose primary source is represented by neutrophil NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Becatti
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Elena Silvestri
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Giulia Bruschi
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Lucia Ciucciarelli
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Danilo Squatrito
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Niccolò Taddei
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Rosanna Abbate
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Lorenzo Emmi
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Matteo Goldoni
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
| | - Domenico Prisco
- From Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” (M.B., G.B., N.T., C.F.) and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (G.E., E.S., L.C., D.S., R.A., D.P.), University of Florence, Italy; Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy (A.V.); Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases, Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (L.E., D.P.); and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
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