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Işık K, Taş Ö, Ekinci D. Partial Purification of Glutathione S-transferase Enzyme From the Seed of Mallow (Malva Slyvestris L.) and Investigation of the Inhibition Kinetics of Some Heavy Metals. Protein J 2023:10.1007/s10930-023-10104-w. [PMID: 36920725 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) enzyme is abundant in mammals, insects, fish and microorganisms, as well as in various tissues of these species, particularly in tissues exposed to xenobiotics from the environment. As a result, the enzyme execute detoxifying function by scavenging a diverse range of xenobiotics, such as chemotherapeutic medicines, environmental carcinogens and endogenous compounds. In this study, GST enzyme was partially purified from mallow (Malva slyvestris L.) seed for the first time and the kinetic parameters were determined. The optimum ionic intensity was found in 400 mM Tris-Buffer, optimum pH: 7.0, and optimum substrate concentration was determined as 0.2 mM. One of the biggest reasons for deterioration of ecological balance in nature is heavy metal accumulation in soil, air and water which becomes a major threat to the vital activities of living things. In this study, inhibitory effects of Cd+ 2, Ag+, Zn+ 2 and Fe+ 3 heavy metals, which are common in nature, on mallow seed glutathione S-transferase enzyme were investigated. Each heavy metal showed micromolar inhibitory effects on enzyme activity. IC50 values of the metals were calculated as 60.93, 74.602, 178.22 and 369 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Işık
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey
| | - Ömer Taş
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekinci
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey.
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Guven N, Soydan E. Characterization of glutathione S-transferase enzyme from brown meagre (Sciaena umbra) and inhibitory effects of heavy metals. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 69:145-148. [PMID: 33368716 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) detoxifies a broad spectrum of xenobiotics, especially in chemotherapeutic drugs, endogenous molecules, and environmental pollutants. Since the enzyme metabolizes toxic compounds, it has been extensively studied in many living things including aquatic organisms. In the current study, the GST enzyme was purified from brown meagre (Sciaena umbra) muscle tissue for the first time. Then, kinetic parameters of the enzyme were determined as optimum ionic strength: 20 mM Tris/HCl, optimum pH: 7.0 (Tris/HCl), and optimum substrate concentration: 3.125 mM. Eventually, inhibitory effects of the heavy metals were evaluated. IC50 values of the tested metal ions were calculated to be 0.1112, 0.6113, 0.727, and 0.7774 mM for Cd2+ , Fe3+ , Ag+ , and Cu2+ , respectively. Our results show that these heavy metals inhibit GST at very low concentrations which could cause dangerous results for aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Guven
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ercan Soydan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Balbaa M, Awad D, Elaal AA, Mahsoub S, Moharram M, Sadek O, Rezki N, Aouad MR, Badawy METI, El Ashry ESH. Action of Thioglycosides of 1,2,4-Triazoles and Imidazoles on the Oxidative Stress and Glycosidases in Mice with Molecular Docking. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573413715666181212150955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
,2,3-Triazoles and imidazoles are important five-membered heterocyclic
scaffolds due to their extensive biological activities. These products have been an area of growing
interest to many researchers around the world because of their enormous pharmaceutical scope.
Methods:
The in vivo and in vitro enzyme inhibition of some thioglycosides encompassing 1,2,4-
triazole N1, N2, and N3 and/or imidazole moieties N4, N5, and N6. The effect on the antioxidant
enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) was
investigated as well as their effect on α-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase. Molecular docking studies
were carried out to investigate the mode of the binding interaction of the compounds with α-
glucosidase and β -glucuronidase. In addition, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)
investigation was applied to find out the correlation between toxicity and physicochemical properties.
Results:
The decrease of the antioxidant status was revealed by the in vivo effect of the tested compounds.
Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects of the tested compounds were clearly
pronounced on α-glucosidase, but not β-glucuronidase. The IC50 and Ki values revealed that the thioglycoside
- based 1,2,4-triazole N3 possesses a high inhibitory action. In addition, the in vitro studies
demonstrated that the whole tested 1,2,4-triazole are potent inhibitors with a Ki magnitude of 10-6
and exhibited a competitive type inhibition. On the other hand, the thioglycosides - based imidazole
ring showed an antioxidant activity and exerted a slight in vivo stimulation of α-glucosidase and β-
glucuronidase. Molecular docking proved that the compounds exhibited binding affinity with the
active sites of α -glucosidase and β-glucuronidase (docking score ranged from -2.320 to -4.370
kcal/mol). Furthermore, QSAR study revealed that the HBD and RB were found to have an overall
significant correlation with the toxicity.
Conclusion:
These data suggest that the inhibition of α-glucosidase is accompanied by an oxidative
stress action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Balbaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa Awad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Abd Elaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Mahsoub
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mayssaa Moharram
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omayma Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadjet Rezki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah AlMunawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Reda Aouad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah AlMunawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Taher Ibrahim Badawy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Castillo-Castañeda PC, García-González A, Bencomo-Alvarez AE, Barros-Nuñez P, Gaxiola-Robles R, Méndez-Rodríguez LC, Zenteno-Savín T. Micronutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activities in human breast milk. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 51:36-41. [PMID: 30466936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk contains micronutrients that function as cofactors of antioxidant enzymes. High concentrations of iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aimed to assess the relationship between the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) and the concentration of the micronutrients Fe, Cu and zinc (Zn) in breast milk. Breast milk samples were collected from 108 mothers (7-10 days postpartum, transitional milk). The samples were grouped into three groups according to the number of pregnancies (one, two and three or more pregnancies), also grouped according to the body mass index (BMI) suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) in underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Breast milk Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes was determined by spectrophotometry. An increase in GPx, SOD and GST activities in relation to the number of pregnancies was found (p = 0.05, p = 0.04 and p < 0.01, respectively). An inverse relationship between GST activity and BMI was found (p = 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between Cu and Zn concentrations (r = 0.52, p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between Cu concentration and catalase activity (r = -0.22, p < 0.05); Fe content was negatively correlated with GPx and GST activities (r = -0.32, r = -0.22, respectively, p < 0.05). The activities of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD and GST) may be affected by the number of pregnancies and contribute to prevent oxidation of nutritional molecules in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Carolina Castillo-Castañeda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23096, Mexico.
| | - Adolfo García-González
- Hospital General de Zona No.1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 5 de Febrero y Héroes de la Independencia, Col. Centro, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23000, Mexico.
| | - Alfonso Enrique Bencomo-Alvarez
- Hospital General de Zona No.1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 5 de Febrero y Héroes de la Independencia, Col. Centro, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23000, Mexico.
| | - Patricio Barros-Nuñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Sector Libertad, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Ramón Gaxiola-Robles
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23096, Mexico; Hospital General de Zona No.1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 5 de Febrero y Héroes de la Independencia, Col. Centro, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23000, Mexico.
| | - Lía Celina Méndez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23096, Mexico.
| | - Tania Zenteno-Savín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23096, Mexico.
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