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Visconti R, Grieco D. Fighting tubulin-targeting anticancer drug toxicity and resistance. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T107-T117. [PMID: 28808045 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin-targeting drugs, like taxanes and vinca alkaloids, are among the most effective anticancer therapeutics used in the clinic today. Specifically, anti-microtubule cancer drugs (AMCDs) have proven to be effective in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. AMCDs, however, have limiting toxicities that include neutropenia and neurotoxicity, and, in addition, tumor cells can become resistant to the drugs after long-term use. Co-targeting mitotic progression/slippage with inhibition of the protein kinases WEE1 and MYT1 that regulate CDK1 kinase activity may improve AMCD efficacy, reducing the acquisition of resistance by the tumor and side effects from the drug and/or its vehicle. Other possible treatments that improve outcomes in the clinic for these two drug-resistant cancers, including new formulations of the AMCDs and pursuing different molecular targets, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Visconti
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore'Italian National Council of Research, Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Grieco
- Ceinge-Biotecnologie AvanzateNapoli, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Napoli 'Federico II', Napoli, Italy
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Toledo CM, Ding Y, Hoellerbauer P, Davis RJ, Basom R, Girard EJ, Lee E, Corrin P, Hart T, Bolouri H, Davison J, Zhang Q, Hardcastle J, Aronow BJ, Plaisier CL, Baliga NS, Moffat J, Lin Q, Li XN, Nam DH, Lee J, Pollard SM, Zhu J, Delrow JJ, Clurman BE, Olson JM, Paddison PJ. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screens Reveal Loss of Redundancy between PKMYT1 and WEE1 in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2425-2439. [PMID: 26673326 PMCID: PMC4691575 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify therapeutic targets for glioblastoma (GBM), we performed genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) screens in patient-derived GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) and human neural stem/progenitors (NSCs), non-neoplastic stem cell controls, for genes required for their in vitro growth. Surprisingly, the vast majority GSC-lethal hits were found outside of molecular networks commonly altered in GBM and GSCs (e.g., oncogenic drivers). In vitro and in vivo validation of GSC-specific targets revealed several strong hits, including the wee1-like kinase, PKMYT1/Myt1. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PKMYT1 acts redundantly with WEE1 to inhibit cyclin B-CDK1 activity via CDK1-Y15 phosphorylation and to promote timely completion of mitosis in NSCs. However, in GSCs, this redundancy is lost, most likely as a result of oncogenic signaling, causing GBM-specific lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Toledo
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yu Ding
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pia Hoellerbauer
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ryan J Davis
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ryan Basom
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Emily J Girard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eunjee Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Philip Corrin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Traver Hart
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto and Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1Z8, Canada
| | - Hamid Bolouri
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jerry Davison
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin Hardcastle
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto and Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1Z8, Canada
| | - Qi Lin
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44192, USA
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Edinburgh CRUK Cancer Research Centre and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeffery J Delrow
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bruce E Clurman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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