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Liao S, Wu G, Xie Z, Lei X, Yang X, Huang S, Deng X, Wang Z, Tang G. pH regulators and their inhibitors in tumor microenvironment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116170. [PMID: 38308950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
As an important characteristic of tumor, acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to immune escape, invasion, migration and drug resistance of tumor. The acidity of the TME mainly comes from the acidic products produced by the high level of tumor metabolism, such as lactic acid and carbon dioxide. pH regulators such as monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), and Na+/H+ exchange 1 (NHE1) expel protons directly or indirectly from the tumor to maintain the pH balance of tumor cells and create an acidic TME. We review the functions of several pH regulators involved in the construction of acidic TME, the structure and structure-activity relationship of pH regulator inhibitors, and provide strategies for the development of small-molecule antitumor inhibitors based on these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyi Liao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Guang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Giovannuzzi S, Capasso C, Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Continued Structural Exploration of Sulfocoumarin as Selective Inhibitor of Tumor-Associated Human Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134076. [PMID: 35807318 PMCID: PMC9267968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of new 3- and 7-substituted sulfocoumarins was obtained by several cyclization reactions and subsequent derivatization for screening as prodrug inhibitors of the human (h) cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases (CAs) IX and XII. All products were ineffective inhibitors against the off-target hCA I and II, whilst hCAs IX and XII were inhibited with inhibition constants (KIs) spanning from low nanomolar to the high micromolar range, according to the sulfocoumarin derivatization pattern. In particular, sulfocoumarin 15 turned out to be the most potent and selective inhibitor herein reported (hCA I and II: KI > 100 µM; hCA IX: KI = 22.9 nM; hCA XII: KI = 19.2 nM). Considering that hCA IX and XII validated anti-tumor targets, such prodrug, isoform-selective inhibitors as the sulfocoumarins reported here may be useful for identifying suitable drug candidates for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (C.T.S.)
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Küçükbay H, Gönül Z, Küçükbay F, Tekin Z, Angeli A, Bartolucci G, Supuran CT, Tatlıcı E, Apohan E, Yeşilada Ö. Synthesis of new 7-amino-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one-peptide derivatives and their carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibition, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100122. [PMID: 34313324 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Six new monopeptides, seven new dipeptides, and two deprotected monopeptide dihydroquinolinone conjugates were prepared by the benzothiazole-mediated method and their structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis methods. The human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and hCA II enzyme inhibition activities of the compounds were determined using the stopped-flow instrument. The synthesized peptide-dihydroquinolinone conjugates 2, 3, 6, 10, 13, and 15 showed inhibition against the hCA II enzyme in the range of 15.7-65.7 µM. However, none of the compounds showed inhibition of hCA I at a concentration of 100 µM. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were also examined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method at concentrations of 12.5-125 µg/ml, but when compared with the standard antioxidant compounds α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), weak antioxidant activities were detected. The cytotoxic effects of four compounds against the A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines were also investigated. Among the compounds studied, compound 7 was found to be most effective, with the IC50 values on the A549 cells for 48 and 72 h being 26.87 and 9.979 µg/ml, respectively, and the IC50 values on the BEAS-2B cells being >100 µg/ml. None of the tested compounds showed antimicrobial activity in the concentration range (800-1.56 µg/ml) studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Küçükbay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Gönül
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fatümetüzzehra Küçükbay
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zehra Tekin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.,Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Eray Tatlıcı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elif Apohan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Özfer Yeşilada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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Abstract
Coumarins constitute a relatively new class of inhibitors of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), possessing a unique inhibition mechanism, acting as "prodrug inhibitors." They undergo the hydrolysis of the lactone ring mediated by the esterase activity of CA. The formed 2-hydroxy-cinnamic acids thereafter bind within a very particular part of the enzyme active site, at its entrance, where a high variability of amino acid residues among the different mammalian CA isoforms is present, and where other inhibitors classes were not seen bound earlier. This explains why coumarins are among the most isoform-selective CA inhibitors known to date among the many chemotypes endowed with such biological activity. As coumarins are widespread secondary metabolites in some bacteria, plants, fungi, and ascidians, many such compounds from various natural sources have been investigated for their CA inhibitory properties and for possible biomedical applications, mainly as anticancer agents targeting hypoxic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Küçükbay H, Gönül Z, Küçükbay FZ, Angeli A, Bartolucci G, Supuran CT. Preparation, carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity of novel 7-amino-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives incorporating mono or dipeptide moiety. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1021-1026. [PMID: 32297533 PMCID: PMC7178833 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1751620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New dipeptide–dihydroquinolinone derivatives were successfully synthesised by benzotriazole mediated nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and analytic techniques. The carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity of the new compounds was determined against four human (h) isoforms, hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX and hCA XII. While all compounds showed moderate to good in vitro CA inhibitory properties against hCA IX and hCA XII with inhibition constants in the micromolar level (37.7–86.8 and 2.0–8.6 µM, respectively), they did not show inhibitory activity against hCA I and hCA II up to 100 µM concentration. The antioxidant capacity of the peptide–dihydroquinolinone conjugates was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Most of the synthesised compounds showed low antioxidant activities compared to the control antioxidant compounds BHA and α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Küçükbay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Gönül
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - F Zehra Küçükbay
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Mishra CB, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Progress in the development of human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their pharmacological applications: Where are we today? Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2485-2565. [PMID: 32691504 DOI: 10.1002/med.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widely distributed metalloenzymes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They efficiently catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and H+ ions and play a crucial role in regulating many physiological processes. CAs are well-studied drug target for various disorders such as glaucoma, epilepsy, sleep apnea, and high altitude sickness. In the past decades, a large category of diverse families of CA inhibitors (CAIs) have been developed and many of them showed effective inhibition toward specific isoforms, and effectiveness in pathological conditions in preclinical and clinical settings. The discovery of isoform-selective CAIs in the last decade led to diminished side effects associated with off-target isoforms inhibition. The many new classes of such compounds will be discussed in the review, together with strategies for their development. Pharmacological advances of the newly emerged CAIs in diseases not usually associated with CA inhibition (neuropathic pain, arthritis, cerebral ischemia, and cancer) will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra B Mishra
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Supuran CT. Exploring the multiple binding modes of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:671-686. [PMID: 32208982 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1743676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The spacious active site cavity of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) shows a great versatility for a variety of binding modes for modulators of activity, inhibitors, and activators, some of which are clinically used drugs. AREAS COVERED There are at least four well-documented CA inhibition mechanisms and the same number of binding modes for CA inhibitors (CAIs), one of which superposes with the binding of activators (CAAs). They include (i) coordination to the catalytic metal ion; (ii) anchoring to the water molecule coordinated to the metal ion; (iii) occlusion of the active site entrance; and (iv) binding outside the active site. A large number of chemical classes of CAIs show these binding modes explored in detail by kinetic, crystallographic, and other techniques. The tail approach was applied to all of them and allowed many classes of highly isoform-selective inhibitors. This is the subject of our review. EXPERT OPINION All active site regions of CAs accommodate inhibitors to bind, which is reflected in very different inhibition profiles for such compounds and the possibility to design drugs with effective action and new applications, such as for the management of hypoxic tumors, neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, arthritis, and degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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Recent advances in the synthetic and medicinal perspective of quinolones: A review. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103291. [PMID: 31561107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the modern scenario, the quinolone scaffold has emerged as a very potent motif considering its clinical significance. Quinolones possess wide range of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, carbonic anhydrase inhibitory and diuretic activity etc. The versatile synthetic approaches have been successfully applied and several of the resulted synthesized compounds exhibit fascinating biological activities in numerous fields. This has prompted to discover quinolone-based analogues among the researchers due to its great diversity in biological activities. In the past few years, various new, efficient and convenient synthetic approaches (including green chemistry and microwave-assisted synthesis) have been designed and developed to synthesize diverse quinolone-based scaffolds which represent a growing area of interest in academic and industry as well as to explore their biological activities. In this review, an attempt has been made by the authors to summarize (1) One of the most comprehensive listings of quinolone-based drugs or agents in the market or under various stages of clinical development; (2) Recent advances in the synthetic strategies for quinolone derivatives as well as their biological implications including insight of mechanistic studies. (3) Further, the biological data is correlated with structure-activity relationship studies to provide an insight into the rational design of more active agents.
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Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Advances in the structural annotation of human carbonic anhydrases and impact on future drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:1175-1197. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1651289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Supuran CT, Alterio V, Di Fiore A, D' Ambrosio K, Carta F, Monti SM, De Simone G. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase IX targets primary tumors, metastases, and cancer stem cells: Three for the price of one. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1799-1836. [PMID: 29635752 DOI: 10.1002/med.21497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is a tumor-associated protein, since it is scarcely present in normal tissues, but highly overexpressed in a large number of solid tumors, where it actively contributes to survival and metastatic spread of tumor cells. Due to these features, the characterization of its biochemical, structural, and functional features for drug design purposes has been extensively carried out, with consequent development of several highly selective small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies to be used for different purposes. Aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art of studies performed on this enzyme, regarding structural, functional, and biomedical aspects, as well as the development of molecules with diagnostic and therapeutic applications for cancer treatment. A brief description of additional pharmacologic applications for CA IX inhibition in other diseases, such as arthritis and ischemia, is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Carta
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Bozdag M, Bua S, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase I, II, IV and IX inhibition with a series of 7-amino-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28644059 PMCID: PMC6445181 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1337759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new derivatives was prepared by derivatisation of the 7-amino moiety present in 7-amino-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one, a compound investigated earlier as CAI. The derivatisation was achieved by: i) reaction with arylsulfonyl isocyanates/aryl isocyanates; (ii) reaction with fluorescein isothiocyanate; (iii) condensation with substituted benzoic acids in the presence of carbodiimides; (iv) reaction with 2,4,6-trimethyl-pyrylium tetrafluoroborate; (v) reaction with methylsulfonyl chloride and (vi) reaction with maleic anhydride. The new compounds were assayed as inhibitors of four carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) human (h) isoforms of pharmacologic relevance, the cytosolic hCA I and II, the membrane-anchored hCA IV and the transmembrane, tumour-associated hCA IX. hCA IX was the most inhibited isoform (KIs ranging between 243.6 and 2785.6 nm) whereas hCA IV was not inhibited by these compounds. Most derivatives were weak hCA I and II inhibitors, with few of them showing KIs < 10 µm. Considering that the inhibition mechanism with these lactams is not yet elucidated, exploring a range of such derivatives with various substitution patterns may be useful to identify leads showing isoform selectivity or the desired pharmacologic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bozdag
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Sameh M Osman
- b Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- b Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
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Sulfonamide inhibition profile of the γ-carbonic anhydrase identified in the genome of the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei the etiological agent responsible of melioidosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:490-495. [PMID: 28025002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A new γ-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.1.1.1) was cloned and characterized kinetically in the genome of the bacterial pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, an endemic disease of tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The catalytic activity of this new enzyme, BpsCAγ, is significant with a kcat of 5.3×105s-1 and kcat/Km of 2.5×107M-1×s-1 for the physiologic CO2 hydration reaction. The inhibition constant value for this enzyme for 39 sulfonamide inhibitors was obtained. Acetazolamide, benzolamide and metanilamide were the most effective (KIs of 149-653nM) inhibitors of BpsCAγ activity, whereas other sulfonamides/sulfamates such as ethoxzolamide, topiramate, sulpiride, indisulam, sulthiame and saccharin were active in the micromolar range (KIs of 1.27-9.56μM). As Burkholderia pseudomallei is resistant to many classical antibiotics, identifying compounds that interfere with crucial enzymes in the B. pseudomallei life cycle may lead to antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) is found in numerous organisms across the tree of life, with seven distinct classes known to date. CA inhibition can be exploited for the treatment of edema, glaucoma, seizures, obesity, cancer and infectious diseases. A myriad of CA inhibitor (CAI) classes and inhibition mechanisms have been identified over the past decade, mainly through structure-based drug design approaches. Five different CA inhibition mechanisms are presently known. Areas covered: Recent advances in structure-based CAI design are reviewed, with periodic table-based organization of inhibitor classes. Expert opinion: Various structure-based drug design studies have led to deep understanding of factors governing tight binding and selectivity for the various isoforms. Carboxylic acids, phenols, polyamines, diols, borols, boronic acids, coumarins and sulfonamides represent successful stories which led to an anti-tumor sulfonamide in Phase I clinical trials (SLC-0111). For many inhibitor classes, no detailed crystallographic data are available. Detailed structural characterization of all CAI classes may lead to further advances in the field with potential therapeutic implications in the management of indications including neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, arthritis and tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- a Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) , Italy
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14
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Unluer E, Gul HI, Demirtas A, Sakagami H, Umemura N, Tanc M, Kazaz C, Supuran CT. Synthesis and bioactivity studies of 1-aryl-3-(2-hydroxyethylthio)-1-propanones. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:105-109. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1209495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Unluer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey,
| | - Halise Inci Gul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey,
| | - Alkan Demirtas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey,
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Naoki Umemura
- Division of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho City, Gifu, Japan,
| | - Muhammet Tanc
- Neurofarba Department and Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and
| | - Cavit Kazaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department and Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and
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Turan B, Şendil K, Şengül E, Gültekin MS, Taslimi P, Gulçin İ, Supuran CT. The synthesis of some β-lactams and investigation of their metal-chelating activity, carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition profiles. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:79-88. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1170014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Burhanettin Turan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey,
| | - Kivilcim Şendil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey,
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey,
| | - Emin Şengül
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey,
| | | | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey,
| | - İlhami Gulçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey,
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Universita Degli Studi Di Firenze, Firenze, Italy, and
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Universita Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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16
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Küçükbay FZ, Küçükbay H, Tanc M, Supuran CT. Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase I, II, IV and XII inhibitory properties of N-protected amino acid – sulfonamide conjugates. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1476-83. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1147438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Zehra Küçükbay
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey,
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and
| | - Hasan Küçükbay
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Tanc
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche e Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and
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Abstract
Six genetic families of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) were described to date. Inhibition of CAs has pharmacologic applications in the field of antiglaucoma, anticonvulsant, anticancer, and anti-infective agents. New classes of CA inhibitors (CAIs) were described in the last decade with enzyme inhibition mechanisms differing considerably from the classical inhibitors of the sulfonamide or anion type. Five different CA inhibition mechanisms are known: (i) the zinc binders coordinate to the catalytically crucial Zn(II) ion from the enzyme active site, with the metal in tetrahedral or trigonal bipyramidal geometries. Sulfonamides and their isosters, most anions, dithiocarbamates and their isosters, carboxylates, and hydroxamates bind in this way; (ii) inhibitors that anchor to the zinc-coordinated water molecule/hydroxide ion (phenols, carboxylates, polyamines, 2-thioxocoumarins, sulfocoumarins); (iii) inhibitors which occlude the entrance to the active site cavity (coumarins and their isosters), this binding site coinciding with that where CA activators bind; (iv) compounds which bind out of the active site cavity (a carboxylic acid derivative was seen to inhibit CA in this manner), and (v) compounds for which the inhibition mechanism is not known, among which the secondary/tertiary sulfonamides as well as imatinib/nilotinib are the most investigated examples. As CAIs are used clinically in many pathologies, with a sulfonamide inhibitor (SLC-0111) in Phase I clinical trials for the management of metastatic solid tumors, this review updates the recent findings in the field which may be useful for a structure-based drug design approach of more selective/potent modulators of the activity of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- a Neurofarba Department, Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Sezione Di Chimica Farmaceutica E Nutraceutica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze , Florence , Italy
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18
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Küçükbay FZ, Küçükbay H, Tanc M, Supuran CT. Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties of amino acid – coumarin/quinolinone conjugates incorporating glycine, alanine and phenylalanine moieties. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1198-202. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Zehra Küçükbay
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey,
- Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica E Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and
| | - Hasan Küçükbay
- Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica E Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Tanc
- Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica E Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica E Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, and
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Sujayev A, Polat Kose L, Garibov E, Gülçin İ, Farzaliev V, Alwasel SH, Supuran CT. Synthesis of N-alkyl (aril)-tetra pyrimidine thiones and investigation of their human carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibitory effects. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1192-7. [PMID: 26586381 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1113172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropyrimidine thiones, which are cyclic thiocarbamides derivatives, were synthesised from thiourea, β-diketones and substituted benzaldehydes. A tautomeric form of these derivatives incorporates the thiol functionality, which is known to interact with metal ions from metalloenzymes active sites, such as the carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) among others. This is a superfamily of widespread enzymes, which catalyses a crucial biochemical reaction, the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons (H(+)). The newly synthesised N-alkyl (aril)-tetrahydropyrimidine thiones were tested for inhibition of the cytosolic human isoforms I and II (hCA I and II). Both isoforms were effectively inhibited by the newly synthesised thiones. Ki values were in the range of 218.5 ± 23.9-261.0 ± 41.5 pM for hCA I, and of 181.8 ± 41.9-273.6 ± 41.4 pM for hCA II, respectively. This under-investigated class of derivatives may bring interesting insights in the field of non-sulphonamide CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsun Sujayev
- a Laboratory of Theoretical Bases of Synthesis and Action Mechanism of Additives , Institute of Chemistry of Additives, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences , Baku , Azerbaijan
| | - Leyla Polat Kose
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Emin Garibov
- a Laboratory of Theoretical Bases of Synthesis and Action Mechanism of Additives , Institute of Chemistry of Additives, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences , Baku , Azerbaijan
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey .,c Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Vagif Farzaliev
- a Laboratory of Theoretical Bases of Synthesis and Action Mechanism of Additives , Institute of Chemistry of Additives, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences , Baku , Azerbaijan
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- c Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- d Dipartimento Di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy , and.,e Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) , Italy
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