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Benitz WE, Polin RA. Recommitting to Rules of Evidence and Laws of Inference. J Pediatr 2024; 275:114199. [PMID: 39032771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- William E Benitz
- Division of Neonatal and Development Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Richard A Polin
- Division of Neonatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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2
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Surak A, Sidhu A, Ting JY. Should we "eliminate" PDA shunt in preterm infants? A narrative review. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1257694. [PMID: 38379909 PMCID: PMC10876852 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1257694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The patent ductus arteriosus frequently poses a significant morbidity in preterm infants, subjecting their immature pulmonary vascular bed to substantial volume overload. This, in turn, results in concurrent hypoperfusion to post-ductal organs, and subsequently alters cerebral blood flow. In addition, treatment has not demonstrated definitive improvements in patient outcomes. Currently, the optimal approach remains a subject of considerable debate with ongoing research controversy regarding the best approach. This article provides a comprehensive review of existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimann Surak
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Amneet Sidhu
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Y. Ting
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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3
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Castaldo MP, Neary E, Bischoff AR, Resende MHF, Weisz DE, Jain A, Giesinger RE, McNamara PJ. Rectal Acetaminophen Improves Shunt Volume and Reduces Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation in Extremely Preterm Infants. Am J Perinatol 2023; 40:1223-1231. [PMID: 34583409 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An alternative therapy for preterm infants with a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) is needed when cyclooxygenase inhibitors fail or where treatment is contraindicated due to coexisting renal failure, necrotizing enterocolitis, and/or intestinal perforation. No studies have evaluated the efficacy of per rectum (PR) acetaminophen. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PR acetaminophen in modulating the risk of PDA ligation. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective matched case-control study was conducted to compare neonates born <29 weeks' gestation with evidence of hsDA, in an era when rescue rectal acetaminophen was used (January 2014-March 2018) as a treatment strategy, versus historical controls (July 2006-August 2012). All patients underwent comprehensive echocardiography assessment of ductal shunt volume according to a standardized protocol. Acetaminophen treated neonates were matched according to demographics, gestation, preintervention echocardiography features, and comorbidities. Control patients were selected when an echocardiography was performed at an equivalent postnatal age. Infants with a genetic syndrome, severe congenital malformation, or major forms of congenital heart disease excluding small atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect, PDA, or patent formale ovale were excluded. The primary outcome was surgical ligation of the PDA. Secondary outcomes included echocardiography indices of hemodynamic significance, the composite of death, or severe BPD (defined by ventilator dependence at 36 weeks postmenstrual age). Descriptive statistics and univariate (t-tests, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test) analyses were used to evaluate clinical and echocardiography characteristics of the groups and compare outcomes. RESULTS Forty infants (20 cases and 20 controls), with similar demographic and echocardiography features, were compared. Cases received 6.8 ± 0.7 days (60 mg/kg/day) of PR acetaminophen. Responders (n = 12, 60%) had echocardiography evidence of reduced ductal diameter (2.2 mm [1.9-2.6] to 1.1 mm [0-1.7], p = 0.002), left ventricular output (363 ± 108-249 ± 61 mL/min/kg; p = 0.002) and left atrium to aortic root ratio (1.7 ± 0.3-1.3 ± 0.2; p = 0.002) following treatment. The rate of PDA ligation was 50% lower (p = 0.02) and composite outcome of death or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia was reduced (p = 0.04) in the acetaminophen group. CONCLUSION Rectal acetaminophen was associated with improvement in echocardiography indices of PDA shunt volume, a 50% reduction in PDA ligation rates and a reduction in the composite outcome of death or severe BPD. Pharmacologic and further prospective clinical studies are needed. KEY POINTS · Many preterm infants encounter the clinical consequences of a hemodynamically significant PDA.. · The merits and optimal timing of PDA ligation remains an area of controversy amongst neonatologists.. · Cyclooxygenase inhibitors are associated with adverse events or are often contraindicated..
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Castaldo
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine Neary
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrianne R Bischoff
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maura H F Resende
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dany E Weisz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amish Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Regan E Giesinger
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick J McNamara
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Taslimi Taleghani N, Hamrahi B, Falahi M, Nazar E, Palizban F, Naseh A, Khoshnood Shariati M. Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants: Intravenous Paracetamol or Oral Ibuprofen? ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:330-337. [PMID: 38310434 PMCID: PMC10685834 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The similarity in the mechanism of action between paracetamol and ibuprofen can cause similar side effects. However, in preterm neonates with feeding intolerance, intravenous (IV) paracetamol has replaced oral ibuprofen. Therefore, a comparison of the effectiveness and side effects is essential. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, the data of 118 preterm infants with a definite diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), including 59 patients who received oral ibuprofen and 59 patients who received IV paracetamol were analyzed. Laboratory evaluations of serum total and direct bilirubin, hemoglobin, and creatinine levels before and seven days after treatment were made. Using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multiple multinomial logistic regression models, the effect of two treatment groups on the post-treatment variables as well as their efficacy comparison were evaluated. RESULTS In both pre- and post-treatment periods, there was no significant association between echocardiography variables with treatment groups. The results from the ANCOVA model showed that the paracetamol and ibuprofen were followed by a significant decrease in the mean total bilirubin and Hct variables after treatment by 1.38 and 1.65 units, respectively. In addition, results from the Mann-Whitney U test revealed that the median Hb and K differences after and before treatment had a significant difference between the two treatment groups. Furthermore, based on the multiple multinomial logistic model results, the odds of complete arterial duct closure with IV paracetamol was 1.27 times higher than with oral ibuprofen, while in the oral ibuprofen group, the odds of closing was 1.44 times higher than the IV paracetamol group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION Intravenous paracetamol has equal efficacy compared to oral ibuprofen in the treatment of PDA. Also, it seems to be associated with a lower risk of hyperbilirubinemia following the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeeme Taslimi Taleghani
- Neonatal Health Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafshe Hamrahi
- Neonatal Health Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Falahi
- Neonatal Health Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eisa Nazar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzane Palizban
- Neonatal Health Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Naseh
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoshnood Shariati
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mitra S, de Boode WP, Weisz DE, Shah PS. Interventions for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants: an overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 4:CD013588. [PMID: 37039501 PMCID: PMC10091483 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013588.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Several non-pharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical approaches have been explored to prevent or treat a PDA. OBJECTIVES To summarise Cochrane Neonatal evidence on interventions (pharmacological or surgical) for the prevention of PDA and related complications, and interventions for the management of asymptomatic and symptomatic PDA in preterm infants. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on 20 October 2022 for ongoing and published Cochrane Reviews on the prevention and treatment of PDA in preterm (< 37 weeks' gestation) or low birthweight (< 2500 g) infants. We included all published Cochrane Reviews assessing the following categories of interventions: pharmacological therapy using prostaglandin inhibitor drugs (indomethacin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen), adjunctive pharmacological interventions, invasive PDA closure procedures, and non-pharmacological interventions. Two overview authors independently checked the eligibility of the reviews retrieved by the search, and extracted data from the included reviews using a predefined data extraction form. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion with a third overview author. Two overview authors independently assessed the methodological quality of the included reviews using the AMSTAR 2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) tool. We reported the GRADE certainty of evidence as assessed by the respective review authors using summary of findings tables. MAIN RESULTS We included 16 Cochrane Reviews, corresponding to 138 randomised clinical trials (RCT) and 11,856 preterm infants, on the prevention and treatment of PDA in preterm infants. One of the 16 reviews had no included studies, and therefore, did not contribute to the results. Six reviews reported on prophylactic interventions for the prevention of PDA and included pharmacological prophylaxis with prostaglandin inhibitor drugs, prophylactic surgical PDA ligation, and non-pharmacologic interventions (chest shielding during phototherapy and restriction of fluid intake); one review reported on the use of indomethacin for the management of asymptomatic PDA; nine reviews reported on interventions for the management of symptomatic PDA, and included pharmacotherapy with prostaglandin inhibitor drugs in various routes and dosages, surgical PDA ligation, and adjunct therapies (use of furosemide and dopamine in conjunction with indomethacin). The quality of reviews varied. Two reviews were assessed to be high quality, seven reviews were of moderate quality, five of low quality, while two reviews were deemed to be of critically low quality. For prevention of PDA, prophylactic indomethacin reduces severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH; relative risk (RR) 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.82; 14 RCTs, 2588 infants), and the need for invasive PDA closure (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.71; 8 RCTs, 1791 infants), but it does not appear to affect the composite outcome of death or moderate/severe neurodevelopmental disability (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.15; 3 RCTs, 1491 infants). Prophylactic ibuprofen probably marginally reduces severe IVH (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.00; 7 RCTs, 925 infants; moderate-certainty evidence), and the need for invasive PDA closure (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.96; 7 RCTs, 925 infants; moderate-certainty evidence). The evidence is very uncertain on the effect of prophylactic acetaminophen on severe IVH (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.07 to 16.39; 1 RCT, 48 infants). Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) was lower with both prophylactic surgical ligation (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.83; 1 RCT, 84 infants), and fluid restriction (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.87; 4 RCTs, 526 infants). For treatment of asymptomatic PDA, indomethacin appears to reduce the development of symptomatic PDA post-treatment (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.68; 3 RCTs, 97 infants; quality of source review: critically low). For treatment of symptomatic PDA, all available prostaglandin inhibitor drugs appear to be more effective in closing a PDA than placebo or no treatment (indomethacin: RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.38; 10 RCTs, 654 infants; high-certainty evidence; ibuprofen: RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.86; 2 RCTs, 206 infants; moderate-certainty evidence; early administration of acetaminophen: RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.53; 2 RCTs, 127 infants; low-certainty evidence). Oral ibuprofen appears to be more effective in PDA closure than intravenous (IV) ibuprofen (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.56; 5 RCTs, 406 infants; moderate-certainty evidence). High-dose ibuprofen appears to be more effective in PDA closure than standard-dose ibuprofen (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.61; 3 RCTs, 190 infants; moderate-certainty evidence). With respect to adverse outcomes, compared to indomethacin administration, NEC appears to be lower with ibuprofen (any route; RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.94; 18 RCTs, 1292 infants; moderate-certainty evidence), oral ibuprofen (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.73; 7 RCTs, 249 infants; low-certainty evidence), and with acetaminophen (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.96; 4 RCTs, 384 infants; low-certainty evidence). However, NEC appears to be increased with a prolonged course of indomethacin versus a shorter course (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.27; 4 RCTs, 310 infants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This overview summarised the evidence from 16 Cochrane Reviews of RCTs regarding the effects of interventions for the prevention and treatment of PDA in preterm infants. Prophylactic indomethacin reduces severe IVH, but does not appear to affect the composite outcome of death or moderate/severe neurodevelopmental disability. Prophylactic ibuprofen probably marginally reduces severe IVH (moderate-certainty evidence), while the evidence is very uncertain on the effect of prophylactic acetaminophen on severe IVH. All available prostaglandin inhibitor drugs appear to be effective in symptomatic PDA closure compared to no treatment (high-certainty evidence for indomethacin; moderate-certainty evidence for ibuprofen; low-certainty evidence for early administration of acetaminophen). Oral ibuprofen appears to be more effective in PDA closure than IV ibuprofen (moderate-certainty evidence). High dose ibuprofen appears to be more effective in PDA closure than standard-dose ibuprofen (moderate-certainty evidence). There are currently two ongoing reviews, one on fluid restriction for symptomatic PDA, and the other on invasive management of PDA in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Mitra
- Departments of Pediatrics, Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University & IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Willem P de Boode
- Department of Perinatology, Division of Neonatology, Radboud UMC Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dany E Weisz
- Department of Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Prakeshkumar S Shah
- Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Jabr L, Altuhafy M, Barmak AB, Rossouw PE, Michelogiannakis D. Comparative assessment of chewing sugar-free gum and conventional analgesic drugs in alleviating self-reported pain associated with fixed orthodontic appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthod 2022; 50:215-228. [PMID: 36550619 DOI: 10.1177/14653125221144059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of chewing sugar-free gum towards alleviating self-reported orthodontic treatment (OT) pain compared with conventional analgesic drugs (CADs). SEARCH SOURCES An unrestricted search of indexed databases and manual searching was performed up to September 2021. DATA SELECTION Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the impact of chewing gum and CADs on relieving self-reported orthodontic pain were included. DATA EXTRACTION Data screening, extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessment were performed by two authors. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. The quality of available evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS Nine RCTs were included. Eight RCTs used the Visual Analogue Scale for self-reported pain assessment, while one RCT used the Numeric Rating Scale. Five RCTs had a high RoB and four RCTs had a moderate RoB. Power analysis for sample size estimation was performed in six RCTs. Separate meta-analyses were performed by pooling quantitative data from five RCTs that compared self-reported orthodontic pain between chewing gum and ibuprofen groups for the following timepoints: baseline; immediately; 2 hours; 6 hours; bedtime; 24 hours; 2 days; 3 days; 5 days; and 7 days after the placement of orthodontic appliances. None of the timepoints individually indicated a difference in self-reported pain scores between chewing sugar-free gum and ibuprofen groups. The overall level of evidence was very low. CONCLUSION Chewing sugar-free gum is a potentially useful alternative to CADs towards pain alleviation during fixed OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luay Jabr
- Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maryam Altuhafy
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Abdul Basir Barmak
- Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Paul Emile Rossouw
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dimitrios Michelogiannakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Abdul-Aziz AI. Effect of Chewing Gum on Pain Following Orthodontic Elastomeric Separators Placement: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate whether chewing gum (CG) can reduce pain as compared to non-CG (NG) after orthodontic elastomeric separators placement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients were randomly allocated in a ratio of 1:1 to CG group (mean age = 21.82 ± 0.87 years) and NG group (mean age = 22.31 ± 1.09 years). Patients in the CG group were instructed to chew sugar-free gum for 10 min immediately after separators placement and then at 8-h intervals for 1 week, while the patients in the NG group were instructed not to chew any type of gum for the duration of the study. Patients in the two groups were asked not to use any type of analgesics. The patients were asked to register their pain level using a 10-cm horizontal line visual analog scale at 2 h, 6 h, bedtime, 24 h, and then daily for 1 week after separators placement.
RESULTS: The data from 53 patients (27 in the NG group and 26 in the CG group) were analyzed. The pain scores were significantly lower in CG as compared to NG at 2 h, 6 h, bedtime, 24 h, and 2 days after separators placement. From day 3 to the end of the week duration of the study, the pain scores stayed lower in the CG group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: CG significantly reduced pain resulting from orthodontic elastomeric separators placement as compared to non-CG controls.
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Pavlek LR, Rivera BK, Smith CV, Randle J, Hanlon C, Small K, Bell EF, Rysavy MA, Conroy S, Backes CH. Eligibility Criteria and Representativeness of Randomized Clinical Trials That Include Infants Born Extremely Premature: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr 2021; 235:63-74.e12. [PMID: 33894262 PMCID: PMC9348995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the eligibility criteria and trial characteristics among contemporary (2010-2019) randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that included infants born extremely preterm (<28 weeks of gestation) and to evaluate whether eligibility criteria result in underrepresentation of high-risk subgroups (eg, infants born at <24 weeks of gestation). STUDY DESIGN PubMed and Scopus were searched January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019, with no language restrictions. RCTs with mean or median gestational ages at birth of <28 weeks of gestation were included. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines; outcomes were registered prospectively. Data extraction was performed independently by multiple observers. Study quality was evaluated using a modified Jadad scale. RESULTS Among RCTs (n = 201), 32 552 infants were included. Study participant characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were highly variable. A total of 1603 eligibility criteria were identified; rationales were provided for 18.8% (n = 301) of criteria. Fifty-five RCTs (27.4%) included infants <24 weeks of gestation; 454 (1.4%) infants were identified as <24 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSIONS The present study identifies sources of variability across RCTs that included infants born extremely preterm and reinforces the critical need for consistent and transparent policies governing eligibility criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeann R. Pavlek
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital,Department of Pediatrics and The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Brian K. Rivera
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | - Charles V. Smith
- Center for Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Joanie Randle
- Ohio Perinatal Research Network at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Cory Hanlon
- Ohio Perinatal Research Network at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristi Small
- Ohio Perinatal Research Network at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Edward F. Bell
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Matthew A. Rysavy
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Sara Conroy
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University,Biostatistics Resource at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | - Carl H. Backes
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital,Department of Pediatrics and The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,Ohio Perinatal Research Network at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH,Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
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9
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van Donge T, Allegaert K, Pfister M, Smits A, van den Anker J. Creatinine Trends to Detect Ibuprofen-Related Maturational Adverse Drug Events in Neonatal Life: A Simulation Study for the ELBW Newborn. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:610294. [PMID: 33569003 PMCID: PMC7868337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.610294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recognizing a change in serum creatinine concentrations is useful to detect a renal adverse drug reaction signal. Assessing and characterizing the nephrotoxic side-effects of drugs in extremely low birth weight (ELBW, ≤1000 g) neonates remain challenging due to the high variability in creatinine in this population. This study aims to investigate and quantify the impact of ibuprofen treatment on kidney function, reflected by serum creatinine. Method: A recently developed dynamical model for serum creatinine was used to simulate creatinine profiles for typical, reference ELBW neonates with varying gestational and postnatal ages whilst being exposed to ibuprofen treatment. Results: The increase of serum creatinine concentrations due to ibuprofen treatment is most apparent during the first week of life. The difference in serum creatinine values between ibuprofen-exposed vs. non-exposed neonates decreases with increasing postnatal age, independent of gestational age. Conclusion: The difference in serum creatinine concentrations between ibuprofen-exposed vs. non-exposed neonates decreases with postnatal age, indicating an increased clearing capacity and resulting in a weak ibuprofen-related adverse drug reaction signal beyond early neonatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara van Donge
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc Pfister
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Smits
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John van den Anker
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Health Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Jansen EJS, Hundscheid T, Onland W, Kooi EMW, Andriessen P, de Boode WP. Factors Associated With Benefit of Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:626262. [PMID: 33634058 PMCID: PMC7899974 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.626262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: There is an ongoing debate on the optimal management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. Identifying subgroup of infants who would benefit from pharmacological treatment might help. Objective: To investigate the modulating effect of the differences in methodological quality, the rate of open-label treatment, and patient characteristics on relevant outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data Sources: Electronic database search between 1950 and May 2020. Study Selection: RCTs that assessed pharmacological treatment compared to placebo/no treatment. Data Extraction: Data is extracted following the PRISMA guidelines. Outcome measures were failure to ductal closure, surgical ligation, incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) grade ≥3, retinopathy of prematurity and mortality. Results: Forty-seven studies were eligible. The incidence of IVH grade ≥3 was lower in the treated infants compared to the placebo/no treatment (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.94) and in the subgroups of infants with either a gestational age <28 weeks (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.98), a birth weight <1,000 g (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.97), or if untargeted treatment with indomethacin was started <24 h after birth (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54-0.90). Limitations: Statistical heterogeneity caused by missing data and variable definitions of outcome parameters. Conclusions: Although the quality of evidence is low, this meta-analysis suggests that pharmacological treatment of PDA reduces severe IVH in extremely preterm, extremely low birth weight infants or if treatment with indomethacin was started <24 h after birth. No other beneficial effects of pharmacological treatment were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J S Jansen
- Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tim Hundscheid
- Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wes Onland
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M W Kooi
- University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Andriessen
- Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands.,Department of Applied Physics, School of Medical Physics and Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Willem P de Boode
- Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Mitra S, Scrivens A, von Kursell AM, Disher T. Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 12:CD013278. [PMID: 33301630 PMCID: PMC8812277 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013278.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to prevent or treat a PDA. There are concerns regarding adverse effects of NSAIDs in preterm infants. Controversy exists on whether early targeted treatment of a hemodynamically significant (hs) PDA improves clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of early treatment strategies versus expectant management for an hs-PDA in reducing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. SEARCH METHODS We used the standard search strategy of Cochrane Neonatal to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2019, Issue 6) in the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to 31 May 2019), Embase (1980 to 31 May 2019), and CINAHL (1982 to 31 May 2019). An updated search was run on 2 October 2020 in the following databases: CENTRAL via CRS Web and MEDLINE via Ovid. We searched clinical trial databases, conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-randomized trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs in which early pharmacological treatment, defined as treatment initiated within the first seven days after birth, was compared to no intervention, placebo or other non-pharmacological expectant management strategies for treatment of an hs-PDA in preterm (< 37 weeks' postmenstrual age) or low birth weight (< 2500 grams) infants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We performed data collection and analyses in accordance with the methods of Cochrane Neonatal. Our primary outcome was all-cause mortality during hospital stay. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of evidence for selected clinical outcomes. MAIN RESULTS We included 14 RCTs that enrolled 910 infants. Seven RCTs compared early treatment (defined as treatment initiated by seven days of age) versus expectant management and seven RCTs compared very early treatment (defined as treatment initiated by 72 hours of age) versus expectant management. No difference was demonstrated between early treatment versus expectant management (no treatment initiated within the first seven days after birth) for an hs-PDA for the primary outcome of 'all-cause mortality' (6 studies; 500 infants; typical RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.39; typical RD -0.02; 95% CI -0.07 to 0.03; moderate-certainty evidence), or other important outcomes such as surgical PDA ligation (4 studies; 432 infants; typical RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.80; typical RD -0.03; 95% CI -0.09 to 0.03; very low-certainty evidence), chronic lung disease (CLD) (4 studies; 339 infants; typical RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.29; typical RD -0.03; 95% CI -0.10 to 0.03; moderate-certainty evidence), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (2 studies; 171 infants; typical RR 0.83,95% CI 0.32 to 2.16; typical RD -0.01; 95% CI -0.08 to 0.06; low-certainty evidence), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (5 studies; 473 infants; typical RR 2.34,95% CI 0.86 to 6.41; typical RD 0.04; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08; low-certainty evidence). Infants receiving early treatment in the first seven days after birth were more likely to receive any PDA pharmacotherapy compared to expectant management (2 studies; 232 infants; typical RR 2.30, 95% CI 1.86 to 2.83; typical RD 0.57; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.66; low-certainty evidence). No difference was demonstrated between very early treatment versus expectant management (no treatment initiated within the first 72 hours after birth) for an hs-PDA for the primary outcome of 'all-cause mortality' (7 studies; 384 infants; typical RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.53; typical RD -0.03; 95% CI -0.09 to 0.04; moderate-certainty evidence) or other important outcomes such as surgical PDA ligation (5 studies; 293 infants; typical RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.36 to 2.17; typical RD -0.01; 95% CI -0.05 to 0.02; moderate-certainty evidence), CLD (7 studies; 384 infants; typical RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.08; typical RD -0.05; 95% CI -0.13 to 0.04; low-certainty evidence), severe IVH (4 studies, 240 infants; typical RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.93; typical RD -0.02; 95% CI -0.07 to 0.04; moderate-certainty evidence), NEC (5 studies; 332 infants; typical RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.53 to 2.21; typical RD 0.01; 95% CI -0.04 to 0.06; moderate-certainty evidence) and neurodevelopmental impairment (1 study; 79 infants; RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.03 to 2.31 for moderate/severe cognitive delay at 18 to 24 months; RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.05 to 5.71 for moderate/severe motor delay at 18 to 24 months; RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.10 to 2.78 for moderate/severe language delay at 18 to 24 months; low-certainty evidence). Infants receiving very early treatment in the first 72 hours after birth were more likely to receive any PDA pharmacotherapy compared to expectant management (4 studies; 156 infants; typical RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.05; typical RD 0.69; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.79; very low-certainty evidence). Very early treatment, however, shortened the duration of hospitalization compared to expectant management (4 studies; 260 infants; MD -5.35 days; 95% CI -9.23 to -1.47; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Early or very early pharmacotherapeutic treatment of an hs-PDA probably does not reduce mortality in preterm infants (moderate-certainty evidence). Early pharmacotherapeutic treatment of hs-PDA may increase NSAID exposure (low-certainty evidence) without likely reducing CLD (moderate-certainty evidence), severe IVH or NEC (low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether very early pharmacotherapeutic treatment of hs-PDA also increases NSAID exposure (very low-certainty evidence). Very early treatment probably does not reduce surgical PDA ligation, severe IVH or NEC (moderate-certainty evidence), and may not reduce CLD or neurodevelopmental impairment (low-certainty evidence). Additional large trials that specifically include preterm infants at the highest risk of PDA-attributable morbidity, are adequately powered for patient-important outcomes and are minimally contaminated by open-label treatment are required to explore if early targeted treatment of hs-PDA improves clinical outcomes. There are currently two trials awaiting classification and two ongoing trials exploring this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Mitra
- Departments of Pediatrics, Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University & IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Alexandra Scrivens
- Neonatal Care Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Tim Disher
- Evidence Synthesis and Data Analytics, EVERSANA Inc, Sydney, Canada
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Does crossover treatment of control subjects invalidate results of randomized trials of patent ductus arteriosus treatment? J Perinatol 2020; 40:1863-1870. [PMID: 33024260 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimal management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely preterm infants remains controversial. There is paucity of evidence on the benefits of PDA treatment in reducing mortality and morbidities in extremely preterm infants. Failure of randomized clinical trials to demonstrate beneficial effects of PDA treatment on outcomes has often been attributed to open treatment of control subjects. This perspective examines the PDA treatment trials to date, with specific focus on rates of and ages of subjects at open rescue treatment. Although these trials demonstrate that ductal closure is significantly increased with treatment, that does not translate to a significant decrease in major morbidities or mortality in premature infants, even when trials with high rates of rescue treatment of controls are excluded. Trials in which enrollment occurred after 7 days of age include insufficient numbers of subjects to evaluate this relationship.
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Improved ventilation in premature babies after transcatheter versus surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus. Int J Cardiol 2020; 311:22-27. [PMID: 32253052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is common in preterm infants and can contribute to morbidity and mortality. We aimed to compare results and outcome of transcatheter closure using the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder versus surgical closure in 2 matched groups of preterm infants weighing <3000 g. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 147 babies from three tertiary centres were retrospectively analysed. Sixty-four babies undergoing catheter closure were compared with 83 matched surgical cases. Patent ductus arteriosus closure was successful in all cases. During neonatal unit course, mortality was 6.3% (n = 4) after catheterization and 12% (n = 10) after surgery (p = 0.24). Median duration of mechanical ventilation was shorter after catheterisation than after surgery (3 vs 5 days, p = 0.035). Before 4 weeks of age the difference between transcatheter and surgical closure for mechanical ventilation was even more pronounced (3 vs 9 days, p = 0.022). Additionally, when catheterisation was performed before 4 weeks, babies were discharged home earlier as compared to those who underwent closure later in life (39+1 vs. 42+1 weeks, p = 0.021). Such difference was not found in the surgical group. CONCLUSIONS Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus is safe, effective and is associated with shorter mechanical ventilation than after surgery. Hospital stay might be shorter when performed earlier in life.
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14
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Ohlsson A, Walia R, Shah SS. Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 2:CD003481. [PMID: 32045960 PMCID: PMC7012639 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003481.pub8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indomethacin is used as standard therapy to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) but is associated with reduced blood flow to several organs. Ibuprofen, another cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, may be as effective as indomethacin with fewer adverse effects. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness and safety of ibuprofen compared with indomethacin, other cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor(s), placebo, or no intervention for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm, low-birth-weight, or preterm and low-birth-weight infants. SEARCH METHODS We used the standard search strategy of Cochrane Neonatal to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2017, Issue 10), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to 30 November 2017), Embase (1980 to 30 November 2017), and CINAHL (1982 to 30 November 2017). We searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of ibuprofen for the treatment of a PDA in preterm, low birth weight, or both preterm and low-birth-weight newborn infants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data collection and analysis conformed to the methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included 39 studies enrolling 2843 infants. Ibuprofen (IV) versus placebo: IV Ibuprofen (3 doses) reduced the failure to close a PDA compared with placebo (typical relative risk (RR); 0.62 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.86); typical risk difference (RD); -0.18 (95% CI -0.30 to -0.06); NNTB 6 (95% CI 3 to 17); I2 = 65% for RR and I2 = 0% for RD; 2 studies, 206 infants; moderate-quality the evidence). One study reported decreased failure to close a PDA after single or three doses of oral ibuprofen compared with placebo (64 infants; RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.62; RD -0.44, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.23; NNTB 2, 95% CI 2 to 4; I2 test not applicable). Ibuprofen (IV or oral) compared with indomethacin (IV or oral): Twenty-four studies (1590 infants) comparing ibuprofen (IV or oral) with indomethacin (IV or oral) found no significant differences in failure rates for PDA closure (typical RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.24; typical RD 0.02, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.06; I2 = 0% for both RR and RD; moderate-quality evidence). A reduction in NEC (necrotising enterocolitis) was noted in the ibuprofen (IV or oral) group (18 studies, 1292 infants; typical RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.94; typical RD -0.04, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.01; NNTB 25, 95% CI 14 to 100; I2 = 0% for both RR and RD; moderate-quality evidence). There was a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of infants with oliguria in the ibuprofen group (6 studies, 576 infants; typical RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.54; typical RD -0.09, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.05; NNTB 11, 95% CI 7 to 20; I2 = 24% for RR and I2 = 69% for RD; moderate-quality evidence). The serum/plasma creatinine levels 72 hours after initiation of treatment were statistically significantly lower in the ibuprofen group (11 studies, 918 infants; MD -8.12 µmol/L, 95% CI -10.81 to -5.43). For this comparison, there was high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 83%) and low-quality evidence. Ibuprofen (oral) compared with indomethacin (IV or oral): Eight studies (272 infants) reported on failure rates for PDA closure in a subgroup of the above studies comparing oral ibuprofen with indomethacin (IV or oral). There was no significant difference between the groups (typical RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.27; typical RD -0.01, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.09; I2 = 0% for both RR and RD). The risk of NEC was reduced with oral ibuprofen compared with indomethacin (IV or oral) (7 studies, 249 infants; typical RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.73; typical RD -0.13, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.05; NNTB 8, 95% CI 5 to 20; I2 = 0% for both RR and RD). There was low-quality evidence for these two outcomes. There was a decreased risk of failure to close a PDA with oral ibuprofen compared with IV ibuprofen (5 studies, 406 infants; typical RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.56; typical RD -0.22, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.14; NNTB 5, 95% CI 3 to 7; moderate-quality evidence). There was a decreased risk of failure to close a PDA with high-dose versus standard-dose of IV ibuprofen (3 studies 190 infants; typical RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.61; typical RD - 0.26, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.15; NNTB 4, 95% CI 3 to 7); I2 = 4% for RR and 0% for RD); moderate-quality evidence). Early versus expectant administration of IV ibuprofen, echocardiographically-guided IV ibuprofen treatment versus standard IV ibuprofen treatment, continuous infusion of ibuprofen versus intermittent boluses of ibuprofen, and rectal ibuprofen versus oral ibuprofen were studied in too few trials to allow for precise estimates of any clinical outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Ibuprofen is as effective as indomethacin in closing a PDA. Ibuprofen reduces the risk of NEC and transient renal insufficiency. Therefore, of these two drugs, ibuprofen appears to be the drug of choice. The effectiveness of ibuprofen versus paracetamol is assessed in a separate review. Oro-gastric administration of ibuprofen appears as effective as IV administration. To make further recommendations, studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose ibuprofen, early versus expectant administration of ibuprofen, echocardiographically-guided versus standard IV ibuprofen, and continuous infusion versus intermittent boluses of ibuprofen. Studies are lacking evaluating the effect of ibuprofen on longer-term outcomes in infants with PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ohlsson
- University of TorontoDepartments of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Institute of Health Policy, Management and EvaluationTorontoCanada
| | - Rajneesh Walia
- University of Birmingham and Walsall Manor HospitalPaediatrics/NeonatologyWalsallWest MidlandsUKWS2 9PS
| | - Sachin S Shah
- Surya Hospital for Women and ChildrenDepartment of PediatricsPuneIndia
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Neonatal ibuprofen exposure and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely premature infants. J Perinatol 2020; 40:124-129. [PMID: 31391526 PMCID: PMC6917570 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-019-0444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of ibuprofen exposure with the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely premature infants. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective study of all extremely premature infants admitted to a tertiary unit from 2016 to 2018. RESULTS A total of 203 extremely premature infants were included in this study. The rate of BPD was significantly higher in infants with early exposure to ibuprofen (42.5%) compared to infants with no exposure (21.6%, P = 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, the risk of BPD was associated independently with ibuprofen exposure (odds ratios (OR) 2.296, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.166-4.522, p = 0.016). Further analysis showed a trend towards higher risk of BPD in infants with successful patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure after ibuprofen treatment (32.3%) compared to non-treated infants (20.2%, p = 0.162). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ibuprofen exposure may contribute to the occurrence of BPD in extremely preterm infants.
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Rosen K, Wiesen MH, Oberthür A, Michels G, Roth B, Fietz C, Müller C. Drug-drug interactions in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: how to overcome a challenge. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2019; 73:188-197. [PMID: 31621271 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.19.05388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Critically ill patients in neonatal intensive-care units (NICU) are exposed to a large number of drugs. Clinical trials for safety, dosing and efficacy are lacking although age-dependent alterations of pharmacokinetics (PK), drug-drug-interactions (DDIs), as well as intravenous admixture incompatibilities (IAI) may impact drug efficacy and trigger side-effects in this vulnerable population. Consequently, implementation of a routinely used DDIs checking regimen may help guide in decision making and will assist clinicians to avoid serious and preventable events. Therefore, the goal of the present work is to identify and assess the risk of relevant DDIs of drugs commonly used in the NICU. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature review study was performed to identify and further assess the risk of relevant DDIs of 48 drugs frequently used in the tertiary care NICU of the University Hospital of Cologne. DDIs were categorized into five different classes according to their severity (contraindicated, minor, moderate, and major DDI, IAI), based on the classification used in the Micromedex database. In the database a major interaction is defined as any interaction that can be life threatening and/or demands medical intervention to avoid severe adverse effects. Moderate interactions can lead to a degradation of the patient's status and demand an adjustment in the therapy, and minor interactions only have a limited clinical effect. All identified DDIs in the present study are presented as a Visual Interaction Triangle (VIT) and recommendations on the management of clinically significant DDIs are provided. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS According to the classification used in the Micromedex database: a total of 160 (13.2%) possible interactions (DDI, IAI) were found. Fifty-five (4.9%) cases were categorized as serious interactions (DDI-major), 48 (4.2%) were less severe (DDI-moderate/minor) and in 52 (4.6%) cases an intravenous admixture drug interaction was found. Five (0.4%) drug-combinations were contraindicated. CONCLUSIONS In this web-based study, a total of 160 DDIs were identified. Although only 4.9% were classified as clinically relevant, practitioners can use the presented VIT as a unique clinical reference to avoid possible predictable adverse effects and to uncover possible drug-interaction potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Rosen
- Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Center of Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin H Wiesen
- Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Center of Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - André Oberthür
- Unit of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guido Michels
- Heart Center, Third Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Roth
- Unit of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornelia Fietz
- Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Center of Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Center of Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany -
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Escobar HA, Meneses-Gaviria G, Revelo-Jurado N, Villa-Rosero JF, Ijají Piamba JE, Burbano-Imbachí A, Cedeño-Burbano AA. Tratamiento farmacológico del conducto arterioso permeable en recién nacidos prematuros. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v67n2.64146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. Por lo general, el manejo farmacológico del conducto arterioso permeable (CAP) comprende inhibidores no selectivos de la enzima ciclooxigenasa, en especial indometacina e ibuprofeno. En años recientes también se ha sugerido al acetaminofén como alternativa terapéutica.Objetivo. Realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura acerca del manejo farmacológico del CAP.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda estructurada de la literatura en las bases de datos ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LILACS, Embase, Trip Database, SciELO y Cochrane Library con los términos “Ductus Arteriosus, patent AND therapeutics”; “Ductus Arteriosus, patent AND indometacin”; “Ductus Arteriosus, Patent AND ibuprofen”, y “Ductus Arteriosus, patent AND acetaminophen”. La búsqueda se hizo en inglés con sus equivalentes en español.Resultados. Se encontraron 69 artículos con información relevante para llevar a cabo la presente revisión.Conclusiones. En neonatos prematuros, la base del tratamiento farmacológico del CAP continúa siendo los inhibidores no selectivos de la ciclooxigenasa, indometacina e ibuprofeno, ambos con perfiles similares de seguridad y eficacia. La evidencia disponible sugiere que el acetaminofén podría constituir una alternativa útil para el manejo, pero resulta insuficiente para realizar recomendaciones definitivas respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de este medicamento.
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Aygün A, Poryo M, Wagenpfeil G, Wissing A, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Zemlin M, Gortner L, Meyer S. Birth weight, Apgar scores and gentamicin were associated with acute kidney injuries in VLBW neonates requiring treatment for patent ductus arteriosus. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:645-653. [PMID: 30178614 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM We assessed the risk factors for transient acute kidney injury in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants treated for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using the serum creatinine-based criteria in Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. METHOD This retrospective study of infants requiring ibuprofen and, or, surgery for haemodynamic relevant PDAs was performed at the University Children's Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany, from January 2009 to December 2015. RESULTS We studied 422 infants with a mean birth weight of 1059 ± 308.2 g. Acute kidney injuries developed in 150/295 infants (50.9%) with spontaneous PDA closure, in 46/82 (56.1%) who received intravenous ibuprofen treatment, in 18/24 (75.0%) who had surgery and in 15/21 infants (71.4%) who received both medical and surgical treatment. Acute kidney injuries were associated with birth weight and gestational age, Apgar scores at 10 minutes, the PDA size corrected for birth weight, a PDA with three affected circulatory territories, PDA surgery and gentamicin. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed particular associations between acute kidney injury and birth weight (p = 0.001), the 10-minute Apgar score (p = 0.02) and gentamicin (p = 0.043). CONCLUSION Birth weight, the 10-minute Apgar score and gentamicin were particularly associated with acute kidney injuries in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Aygün
- Medical School; University Hospital of Saarland; Homburg Germany
| | - Martin Poryo
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology; University Children's Hospital of Saarland; Homburg Germany
| | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology, and Medical Informatics; University Hospital of Saarland; Homburg Germany
| | - Antonia Wissing
- Medical School; University Hospital of Saarland; Homburg Germany
| | | | - Michael Zemlin
- Medical School; University Hospital of Saarland; Homburg Germany
- Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology; University Children's Hospital of Saarland; Homburg Germany
| | - Ludwig Gortner
- Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology; University Children's Hospital of Saarland; Homburg Germany
| | - Sascha Meyer
- Medical School; University Hospital of Saarland; Homburg Germany
- Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology; University Children's Hospital of Saarland; Homburg Germany
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Ohlsson A, Walia R, Shah SS. Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 9:CD003481. [PMID: 30264852 PMCID: PMC6513618 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003481.pub7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indomethacin is used as standard therapy to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) but is associated with reduced blood flow to several organs. Ibuprofen, another cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, may be as effective as indomethacin with fewer adverse effects. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness and safety of ibuprofen compared with indomethacin, other cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor(s), placebo, or no intervention for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm, low-birth-weight, or preterm and low-birth-weight infants. SEARCH METHODS We used the standard search strategy of Cochrane Neonatal to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2017, Issue 10), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to 30 November 2017), Embase (1980 to 30 November 2017), and CINAHL (1982 to 30 November 2017). We searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of ibuprofen for the treatment of a PDA in preterm, low birth weight, or both preterm and low-birth-weight newborn infants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data collection and analysis conformed to the methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included 39 studies enrolling 2843 infants.Ibuprofen (IV) versus placebo: IV Ibuprofen (3 doses) reduced the failure to close a PDA compared with placebo (typical relative risk (RR); 0.62 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.86); typical risk difference (RD); -0.18 (95% CI -0.30 to -0.06); NNTB 6 (95% CI 3 to 17); I2 = 65% for RR and I2 = 0% for RD; 2 studies, 206 infants; moderate-quality the evidence). One study reported decreased failure to close a PDA after single or three doses of oral ibuprofen compared with placebo (64 infants; RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.62; RD -0.44, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.23; NNTB 2, 95% CI 2 to 4; I2 test not applicable).Ibuprofen (IV or oral) compared with indomethacin (IV or oral): Twenty-four studies (1590 infants) comparing ibuprofen (IV or oral) with indomethacin (IV or oral) found no significant differences in failure rates for PDA closure (typical RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.24; typical RD 0.02, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.06; I2 = 0% for both RR and RD; moderate-quality evidence). A reduction in NEC (necrotising enterocolitis) was noted in the ibuprofen (IV or oral) group (18 studies, 1292 infants; typical RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.94; typical RD -0.04, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.01; NNTB 25, 95% CI 14 to 100; I2 = 0% for both RR and RD; moderate-quality evidence). There was a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of infants with oliguria in the ibuprofen group (6 studies, 576 infants; typical RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.54; typical RD -0.09, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.05; NNTB 11, 95% CI 7 to 20; I2 = 24% for RR and I2 = 69% for RD; moderate-quality evidence). The serum/plasma creatinine levels 72 hours after initiation of treatment were statistically significantly lower in the ibuprofen group (11 studies, 918 infants; MD -8.12 µmol/L, 95% CI -10.81 to -5.43). For this comparison, there was high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 83%) and low-quality evidence.Ibuprofen (oral) compared with indomethacin (IV or oral): Eight studies (272 infants) reported on failure rates for PDA closure in a subgroup of the above studies comparing oral ibuprofen with indomethacin (IV or oral). There was no significant difference between the groups (typical RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.27; typical RD -0.01, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.09; I2 = 0% for both RR and RD). The risk of NEC was reduced with oral ibuprofen compared with indomethacin (IV or oral) (7 studies, 249 infants; typical RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.73; typical RD -0.13, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.05; NNTB 8, 95% CI 5 to 20; I2 = 0% for both RR and RD). There was low-quality evidence for these two outcomes. There was a decreased risk of failure to close a PDA with oral ibuprofen compared with IV ibuprofen (5 studies, 406 infants; typical RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.56; typical RD -0.22, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.14; NNTB 5, 95% CI 3 to 7; moderate-quality evidence). There was a decreased risk of failure to close a PDA with high-dose versus standard-dose of IV ibuprofen (3 studies 190 infants; typical RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.61; typical RD - 0.26, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.15; NNTB 4, 95% CI 3 to 7); I2 = 4% for RR and 0% for RD); moderate-quality evidence).Early versus expectant administration of IV ibuprofen, echocardiographically-guided IV ibuprofen treatment versus standard IV ibuprofen treatment, continuous infusion of ibuprofen versus intermittent boluses of ibuprofen, and rectal ibuprofen versus oral ibuprofen were studied in too few trials to allow for precise estimates of any clinical outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Ibuprofen is as effective as indomethacin in closing a PDA. Ibuprofen reduces the risk of NEC and transient renal insufficiency. Therefore, of these two drugs, ibuprofen appears to be the drug of choice. The effectiveness of ibuprofen versus paracetamol is assessed in a separate review. Oro-gastric administration of ibuprofen appears as effective as IV administration. To make further recommendations, studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose ibuprofen, early versus expectant administration of ibuprofen, echocardiographically-guided versus standard IV ibuprofen, and continuous infusion versus intermittent boluses of ibuprofen. Studies are lacking evaluating the effect of ibuprofen on longer-term outcomes in infants with PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ohlsson
- University of TorontoDepartments of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation600 University AvenueTorontoCanadaM5G 1X5
| | - Rajneesh Walia
- University of Birmingham and Walsall Manor HospitalPaediatrics/NeonatologyWalsallUKWS2 9PS
| | - Sachin S Shah
- Surya Hospital for Women and ChildrenDepartment of PediatricsPuneIndia
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Azeem M, Khan DI, Jamal F, Ali S, Fatima M, Hayat MB, Shakoor MU. Chewing gum for pain control following orthodontic separator placement. J World Fed Orthod 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants born before 30 weeks' gestation: high rate of spontaneous closure after hospital discharge. Cardiol Young 2018; 28:995-1000. [PMID: 29954463 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951118000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED AimThe aim of this study was to determine the spontaneous closure rate of patent ductus arteriosus at a 2-year follow-up, following failed medical therapy and beyond initial hospital discharge, and to evaluate in-hospital spontaneous or pharmacological closure rates.Materials and methodsA retrospective evaluation was conducted in a cohort of preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal ICU of Ancona between January, 2004 and June, 2013. Inclusion criteria were gestational age between 24+0 and 29+6 weeks or birth weight 1.5 mm, a left atrium-to-aorta ratio >1.4, and/or reversal of end-diastolic flow in the aorta >30% of the anterograde. First-line treatment was intravenous ibuprofen. Intravenous indomethacin was used if ibuprofen failed. Surgical ligation was considered in haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus after medical treatment. RESULTS A total of 593 infants met the inclusion criteria, and patent ductus arteriosus was diagnosed in 317 (53.4%). Among them, 283 (89.3%) infants had haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, with pharmacological closure achieved in 228 (80.6%) infants and surgical ligation performed in 20 (7.1%). Follow-up at 24 months was available for 39 (81.3%) of 48 infants with patent ductus arteriosus at the hospital discharge: 36 (92.3%) underwent spontaneous closure, two (5.1%) underwent surgical ligation, and one (2.6%) had a patent ductus arteriosus.DiscussionA significant number of patent ductus arteriosus that fail pharmacological closure undergo spontaneous closure by the age of 2 years. This information should be taken into account when considering surgery or additional attempts of pharmacological closure.
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Flint RB, Ter Heine R, Spaans E, Burger DM, de Klerk JCA, Allegaert K, Knibbe CAJ, Simons SHP. Simulation-based suggestions to improve ibuprofen dosing for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 74:1585-1591. [PMID: 30054639 PMCID: PMC6244763 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-018-2529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Ibuprofen is the drug of choice for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). There is accumulating evidence that current ibuprofen-dosing regimens for PDA treatment are inadequate. We aimed to propose an improved dosing regimen, based on all current knowledge. Methods We performed a literature search on the clinical pharmacology and effectiveness of ibuprofen. (R)- and (S)-ibuprofen plasma concentration-time profiles of different dosing regimens were simulated using a population pharmacokinetic model and evaluated to obtain a safe, yet likely more efficacious ibuprofen exposure. Results The most effective intravenous ibuprofen dosing in previous clinical trials included a first dose of 20 mg kg−1 followed by 10 mg kg−1 every 24 h. Simulations of this dosing regimen show an (S)-ibuprofen trough concentration of 43 mg L−1 is reached at 48 h, which we assumed the target through concentration. We show that this target can be reached with a first dose of 18 mg kg−1, followed by 4 mg kg−1 every 12 h. After 96 h postnatal age, the dose should be increased to 5 mg kg−1 every 12 h due to maturation of clearance. This twice-daily dosing has the advantage over once-daily dosing that an effective trough level may be maintained, while peak concentrations are substantially (22%) lower. Conclusions We propose to improve intermittent ibuprofen-dosing regimens by starting with a high first dose followed by a twice-daily maintenance dosing regimen that requires increase over time and should be continued until sufficient effect has been achieved. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00228-018-2529-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Flint
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pharmacy and Radboud Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob Ter Heine
- Department of Pharmacy and Radboud Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Spaans
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M Burger
- Department of Pharmacy and Radboud Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C A de Klerk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherijne A J Knibbe
- Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Sinno H P Simons
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Dowd LA, Wheeler BJ, Al-Sallami HS, Broadbent RS, Edmonds LK, Medlicott NJ. Paracetamol treatment for patent ductus arteriosus: practice and attitudes in Australia and New Zealand. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:3039-3044. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1456520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Dowd
- Otago School of Pharmacy, Otago, New Zealand
| | - B. J. Wheeler
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | | | - R. S. Broadbent
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - L. K. Edmonds
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
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Mitra S, Florez ID, Tamayo ME, Mbuagbaw L, Vanniyasingam T, Veroniki AA, Zea AM, Zhang Y, Sadeghirad B, Thabane L. Association of Placebo, Indomethacin, Ibuprofen, and Acetaminophen With Closure of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2018; 319:1221-1238. [PMID: 29584842 PMCID: PMC5885871 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite increasing emphasis on conservative management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants, different pharmacotherapeutic interventions are used to treat those developing a hemodynamically significant PDA. OBJECTIVES To estimate the relative likelihood of hemodynamically significant PDA closure with common pharmacotherapeutic interventions and to compare adverse event rates. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION The databases of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until August 15, 2015, and updated on December 31, 2017, along with conference proceedings up to December 2017. Randomized clinical trials that enrolled preterm infants with a gestational age younger than 37 weeks treated with intravenous or oral indomethacin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen vs each other, placebo, or no treatment for a clinically or echocardiographically diagnosed hemodynamically significant PDA. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were independently extracted in pairs by 6 reviewers and synthesized with Bayesian random-effects network meta-analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome: hemodynamically significant PDA closure; secondary: included surgical closure, mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, and intraventricular hemorrhage. RESULTS In 68 randomized clinical trials of 4802 infants, 14 different variations of indomethacin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen were used as treatment modalities. The overall PDA closure rate was 67.4% (2867 of 4256 infants). A high dose of oral ibuprofen was associated with a significantly higher odds of PDA closure vs a standard dose of intravenous ibuprofen (odds ratio [OR], 3.59; 95% credible interval [CrI], 1.64-8.17; absolute risk difference, 199 [95% CrI, 95-258] more per 1000 infants) and a standard dose of intravenous indomethacin (OR, 2.35 [95% CrI, 1.08-5.31]; absolute risk difference, 124 [95% CrI, 14-188] more per 1000 infants). Based on the ranking statistics, a high dose of oral ibuprofen ranked as the best pharmacotherapeutic option for PDA closure (mean surface under the cumulative ranking [SUCRA] curve, 0.89 [SD, 0.12]) and to prevent surgical PDA ligation (mean SUCRA, 0.98 [SD, 0.08]). There was no significant difference in the odds of mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, or intraventricular hemorrhage with use of placebo or no treatment compared with any of the other treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A high dose of oral ibuprofen was associated with a higher likelihood of hemodynamically significant PDA closure vs standard doses of intravenous ibuprofen or intravenous indomethacin; placebo or no treatment did not significantly change the likelihood of mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, or intraventricular hemorrhage. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42015015797.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Mitra
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivan D. Florez
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Maria E. Tamayo
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thuva Vanniyasingam
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Adriana M. Zea
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behnam Sadeghirad
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Avsar MK, Demir T, Celiksular C, Zeybek C. Bedside PDA ligation in premature infants less than 28 weeks and 1000 grams. J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 11:146. [PMID: 27716331 PMCID: PMC5050727 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-016-0539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PDA(Patent ductus arteriosus) is a common and clinically important condition which is presented with a number of hemodynamic and respiratory problems such as intraventricular hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis due to increased pulmonary blood flow and stealing from systemic circulation. The incidence of PDA among the infants that were born before the 28th gestational week is as high as 70 %; and spontaneous closure rates in very-low-birth-weight premature neonates(VLBWPN) is around 34 %. The onset, duration, and repeat number of consecutive courses of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor medication for PDA closure are still issues of debate. Bed-side PDA closure is a safe surgical procedure in both mature and premature babies. Here we aim to retrospectively present our 26 cases which were less than 28 weeks and 1000 grams that underwent bed-side PDA ligation. Methods This retrospective study included 26 VLBWPN with PDA that underwent bed-side ligation between 2012 and 2015. Babies were born before the 28th gestational week (23–27 weeks) and less than 1000 grams (489–970 gr). Of the 26, 15 were female and 11 were male. Indomethacin was administered to all of the cases as the medical closing agent. The medication was stopped due to unwanted effects in 6 cases. All of the patients took medical treatment before surgery. Results No surgical mortality occurred during our study. One case of pneumothorax was recorded as late surgical complication. Five of the 26 patients were lost, and the most common cause of mortality was sepsis (in 3 cases). The remaining 21 cases were discharged on days 86–238. The follow-up periods of the patients were 2 moths - 3 years. The most frequent problems encountered after discharge was chronic lung problems. Conclusions Bed side PDA ligation surgery in the ICU is a safe method for VLBWPN with clinically significant PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kemal Avsar
- Medicana International Istanbul Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tolga Demir
- Kolan International Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Celiksular
- Medicana International Istanbul Hospital Depratment of Anesthesiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenap Zeybek
- Medicana International Istanbul Hospital Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bueters RRG, Klaasen A, Maicas N, Florquin S, van den Heuvel LP, Schreuder MF. Impact of Early Postnatal NSAID Treatment on Nephrogenesis in Wistar Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 104:218-26. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruud R. G. Bueters
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Annelies Klaasen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Nuria Maicas
- Department of Experimental Nephrology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel F. Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
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Ohlsson A, Walia R, Shah SS. Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015:CD003481. [PMID: 25692606 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003481.pub6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indomethacin is used as standard therapy to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) but is associated with reduced blood flow to several organs. Ibuprofen, another cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, may be as effective as indomethacin with fewer adverse effects. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness and safety of ibuprofen compared with indomethacin, other cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, placebo or no intervention for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm, low birth weight, or preterm and low birth weight infants. SEARCH METHODS We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Clincialtrials.gov, Controlled-trials.com, and www.abstracts2view.com/pas in May 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of ibuprofen for the treatment of a PDA in newborn infants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data collection and analysis conformed to the methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. MAIN RESULTS We included 33 studies enrolling 2190 infants.Two studies compared intravenous (iv) ibuprofen versus placebo (270 infants). In one study (134 infants) ibuprofen reduced the incidence of failure to close a PDA (risk ratio (RR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 0.99; risk difference (RD) -0.18, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.01; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 6, 95% CI 3 to 100). In one study (136 infants), ibuprofen reduced the composite outcome of infant mortality, infants who dropped out, or infants who required rescue treatment (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.89; RD -0.22, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.06; NNTB 5, 95% CI 3 to 17). One study (64 infants) compared oral ibuprofen with placebo and noted a significant reduction in failure to close a PDA (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.62; RD -0.44, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.23; NNTB 2, 95% CI 2 to 4).Twenty-one studies (1102 infants) reported failure rates for PDA closure with ibuprofen (oral or iv) compared with indomethacin (oral or iv). There was no significant difference between the groups (typical RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.20; I(2) = 0%; typical RD 0.00, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.05; I(2) = 0%). The risk of developing necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) was reduced for ibuprofen (16 studies, 948 infants; typical RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.93; typical RD -0.05, 95% CI -0.08 to -0.01; NNTB 20, 95% CI 13 to 100; I(2) = 0% for both RR and RD). The duration of ventilatory support was reduced with ibuprofen (oral or iv) compared with iv or oral indomethacin (six studies, 471 infants; mean difference (MD) -2.4 days, 95% CI -3.7 to -1.0; I(2) = 19%).Eight studies (272 infants) reported on failure rates for PDA closure in a subgroup of the above studies comparing oral ibuprofen with indomethacin (oral or iv). There was no significant difference between the groups (typical RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.27; typical RD -0.01, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.09). The risk of NEC was reduced with oral ibuprofen compared with indomethacin (oral or iv) (seven studies, 249 infants; typical RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.73; typical RD -0.13, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.05; NNTB 8, 95% CI 5 to 20; I(2) = 0% for both RR and RD). There was a decreased risk of failure to close a PDA with oral ibuprofen compared with iv ibuprofen (four studies, 304 infants; typical RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.64; typical RD -0.21, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.12; NNTB 5, 95% CI 3 to 8). Transient renal insufficiency was less common in infants who received ibuprofen compared with indomethacin. High dose versus standard dose of iv ibuprofen, early versus expectant administration of iv ibuprofen, echocardiographically guided iv ibuprofen treatment vs. standard iv ibuprofen treatment and continuous infusion of ibuprofen vs. intermittent boluses of ibuprofen and long-term follow-up were studied in too few trials to draw any conclusions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Ibuprofen is as effective as indomethacin in closing a PDA and currently appears to be the drug of choice. Ibuprofen reduces the risk of NEC and transient renal insufficiency. Oro-gastric administration of ibuprofen appears as effective as iv administration. To make further recommendations, studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose ibuprofen, early versus expectant administration of ibuprofen, echocardiographically guided versus standard iv ibuprofen, and continuous infusion versus intermittent boluses of ibuprofen. Studies are lacking evaluating the effect of ibuprofen on longer-term outcomes in infants with PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ohlsson
- Departments of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1X5.
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Albayrak G, Aykut K, Karacelik M, Soylar R, Karaarslan K, Abud B, Guzeloglu M, Hazan E. Bedside surgery to treat patent ductus arteriosus in low-birth-weight premature infants. Open J Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 7:1-4. [PMID: 25512700 PMCID: PMC4251059 DOI: 10.4137/ojcs.s16156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is commonly seen in premature infants with low birth weights (LBW). It is a condition that has high mortality and morbidity rates. Early closure of the ductus arteriosus may require surgery or medical treatment. However, the decision of first medical approach for symptomatic PDA closure is still debated. In this study, we compared the surgical and medical treatments for the closure of PDA in premature LBW infants. METHODS This study included 27 premature infants whose birth weights were lower than 1500 g, who were born in the period between 2011 and 2013 and had symptomatic PDA. Patients were separated into two groups: groups A and B. Group A included patients whose PDAs were closed with medical treatment (n = 16), and group B included patients who had undergone surgical operations for PDA closure (n = 11). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between groups A and B when the groups were compared in terms of birth weight, gestational age, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and pneumothorax. Although the mortality rate was determined to be lower in group B (2 out of 11, 18.1%) than in group A (7 out of 16, 43.7%), no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. A statistically significant increase was determined in the incidence of kidney function loss in patient group that received Ibuprofen, a medical treatment, in comparison to the patients who had surgery. CONCLUSION In conclusion, surgery is a safe method to repair PDA in premature LBW infants. Although there is no remarkable difference between surgery and medical treatment, we suggest that a surgical approach may be used as a first choice to repair PDA considering the lower rate of mortality and morbidity and higher rate of closure compared to medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Albayrak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir University, Medical Park Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Koray Aykut
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir University, Medical Park Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Karacelik
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr. Behcet Uz Children Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Soylar
- Department of Pediatry, Izmir University, Medical Park Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Karaarslan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tepecik Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burçin Abud
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tepecik Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Guzeloglu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir University, Medical Park Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eyup Hazan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir University, Medical Park Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Schreuder MF, Bueters RRG, Allegaert K. The interplay between drugs and the kidney in premature neonates. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:2083-91. [PMID: 24217783 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The kidney plays a central role in the clearance of drugs. However, renal drug handling entails more than glomerular filtration and includes tubular excretion and reabsorption, and intracellular metabolization by cellular enzyme systems, such as the Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. All these processes show maturation from birth onwards, which is one of the reasons why drug dosing in children is not simply similar to dosing in small adults. As kidney development normally finishes around the 36th week of gestation, being born prematurely will result in even more immature renal drug handling. Environmental effects, such as extra-uterine growth restriction, sepsis, asphyxia, or drug treatments like caffeine, aminoglycosides, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may further hamper drug handling in the kidney. Dosing in preterm neonates is therefore dependent on many factors that need to be taken into account. Drug treatment may significantly hamper postnatal kidney development in preterm neonates, just like renal immaturity has an impact on drug handling. The restricted kidney development results in a lower number of nephrons that may have several long-term sequelae, such as hypertension, albuminuria, and renal failure. This review focuses on the interplay between drugs and the kidney in premature neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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30
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Pacifici GM. Differential renal adverse effects of ibuprofen and indomethacin in preterm infants: a review. Clin Pharmacol 2014; 6:111-6. [PMID: 25114597 PMCID: PMC4124049 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s59376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent of renal adverse effects caused by ibuprofen or indomethacin in order to choose the safer drug to administer to preterm infants. METHODS THE FOLLOWING THREE PARAMETERS OF RENAL FUNCTION WERE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION: 1) the urine output; 2) the serum creatinine concentration; and 3) the frequency of oliguria. The bibliographic search was performed using PubMed and Embase databases as search engines. RESULTS Urine output ranged from 3.5±1.2 to 4.0±1.4 mL/kg/h after ibuprofen treatment, and from 2.8±1.1 to 3.6±1.4 mL/kg/h after indomethacin treatment. The values for ibuprofen are significantly (P<0.05) higher than those for indomethacin. The serum creatinine concentrations ranged from 0.98±0.24 to 1.48±0.2 mg/dL after ibuprofen treatment, and from 1.06±0.24 and 2.03±2.10 mg/dL after indomethacin treatment. The values for ibuprofen are significantly (P<0.05) lower than those for indomethacin. The frequency of oliguria ranged from 1.0% to 9.6% (ibuprofen) and from 14.8% to 40.0% (indomethacin), and was significantly lower following ibuprofen than indomethacin administration. In infants with body weight lower than 1,000 g, oliguria appeared in 5% (ibuprofen) and 40% (indomethacin; P=0.02). CONCLUSION Indomethacin is associated with more severe renal adverse effects than ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is less nephrotoxic than indomethacin and should be used to treat patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Immaturity increases the frequency of adverse effects of indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Maria Pacifici
- Medical School, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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31
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Terrin G, Conte F, Scipione A, Bacchio E, Conti MG, Ferro R, Ventriglia F, De Curtis M. Efficacy of paracetamol for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates. Ital J Pediatr 2014; 40:21. [PMID: 24555510 PMCID: PMC3940001 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-40-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the cyclo-oxygenase component of prostaglandin-H2 synthetase, namely indomethacin and ibuprofen, are commonly used in the treatment of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus. These drugs are associated with serious adverse events, including gastrointestinal perforation, renal failure and bleeding. The role of paracetamol, an inhibitor of the peroxidase component of prostaglandin-H2 synthetase, has been proposed for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus. We report a series of 8 neonates (birth weight: 724 ± 173 g; gestational age: 26 ± 2 weeks) treated with paracetamol for a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, because of contraindications to ibuprofen or indomethacin. Successful closure was achieved in 6 out of 8 babies (75%). Median ductal diameter was significantly reduced after treatment (from 1.2 mm, range 1.0-2.5 mm to 0.6 mm, range 0.0-2.5 mm, p = 0.038). No adverse or side effects were observed during treatment. On the basis of these results, paracetamol could be considered a promising and safe therapy for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Terrin
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, University "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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