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Nigro G, Muselli M. Prevention of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Review and Case Series of Valaciclovir versus Hyperimmune Globulin Therapy. Viruses 2023; 15:1376. [PMID: 37376675 PMCID: PMC10302477 DOI: 10.3390/v15061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infections in developed countries because is capable of infecting the fetus after both primary and recurrent maternal infection, and because the virus may be spread for years through infected children. Moreover, CMV is the most serious congenital infection associated with severe neurological and sensorineural sequelae, which can occur at birth or develop later on. Hygienic measures can prevent CMV transmission, which mainly involve contact with children under 3 years of age and attending a nursery or daycare. In animal and human pregnancies, many observational and controlled studies have shown that CMV-specific hyperimmune globulin (HIG) is safe and can significantly decrease maternal-fetal transmission of CMV infection and, mostly, the occurrence of CMV disease. Recently, valaciclovir at the dosage of 8 g/day was also reported to be capable of decreasing the rates of congenital infection and disease. However, comparing the results of our two recent case series, the infants born to women treated with HIG showed significantly lower rates of CMV DNA positivity in urine (9.7% vs. 75.0%; p < 0.0001) and abnormalities after follow-up (0.0% vs. 41.7%; p < 0.0001). The implementation of CMV screening would enable primary prevention via hygiene counseling, improve the understanding and awareness of congenital CMV infection, and increase the knowledge of the potential efficacy of preventive or therapeutic HIG or antiviral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Nigro
- Non-Profit Association Mother-Infant Cytomegalovirus Infection (AMICI), 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Muselli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
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Nigro G, Adler SP. High-Dose Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hyperimmune Globulin and Maternal CMV DNAemia Independently Predict Infant Outcome in Pregnant Women With a Primary CMV Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:1491-1498. [PMID: 31628849 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After primary maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy, infants are at risk for disease. METHODS Factors predictive of infant outcome were analyzed in a database of 304 pregnant women with primary infection. These women were enrolled between 2010 and 2017 and delivered 281 infants, of whom 108 were CMV infected. Long term follow-up occurred for 173 uninfected and 106 infected infants at age 4 years (range, 1-8 years). One hundred fifty-seven women were treated with an average of 2 doses (range, 1-6 doses) of high-dose hyperimmune globulin (HIG: 200 mg/kg/infusion). We used a regression model to define predictors of fetal infection, symptoms at birth, and long-term sequelae; 31 covariates were tested. RESULTS Four factors predicted fetal infection: a 1.8-fold increase (30% vs 56%) in the rate of congenital infection without HIG (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.2; P < .0001), a 1.8-fold increase (32% vs 56%) associated with maternal viral DNAemia prior to HIG administration (AOR, 3.0; P = .002), abnormal ultrasounds (AOR, 59; P = .0002), and diagnosis of maternal infection by seroconversion rather than avidity (AOR, 3.3; P = .007). Lack of HIG and abnormal ultrasounds also predicted symptoms (P = .001). Long-term sequelae were predicted by not receiving HIG (AOR, 13.2; P = .001), maternal infection in early gestation (odds ratio [OR], 0.9; P = .017), and abnormal ultrasounds (OR, 7.6; P < .003). Prevalence and copy/number of DNAemia declined after HIG. CONCLUSIONS Maternal viremia predicts fetal infection and neonatal outcome. This may help patient counseling. High-dose HIG may prevent fetal infection and disease and is associated with the resolution of DNAemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Nigro
- Association of Mother-Infant Cytomegalovirus Infection, Rome, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stuart P Adler
- Cytomegalovirus Research Foundation, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Manzoor N, Rehan A, Akmal M, Khalid TB, Jamal A. Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Tetralogy of Fallot: An Unusual Association in a Three-month-old Baby. Cureus 2019; 11:e4949. [PMID: 31453023 PMCID: PMC6701899 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite being associated with significant neurological sequelae in infected infants, it remains an under-recognized public health entity. Symptomatic newborns most frequently display hepatosplenomegaly, petechiae, jaundice, microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, chorioretinitis, purpura, and seizures. Progressive sensorineural hearing loss is the most prominent adverse outcome of both symptomatic and asymptomatic CMV infections in infants. We report the case of a three-month-old baby who presented with complaints of progressive jaundice for three months and a two days history of fever associated with one episode of fits. The baby was diagnosed with congenital CMV infection on the basis of positive CMV IgM and IgG and positive maternal serum CMV IgG. Finding a murmur on physical examination prompted echocardiography which revealed Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The child was managed with a 6-week course of ganciclovir after which his symptoms improved and he was referred to cardiology for the evaluation of his heart defect. Follow-ups at the clinic have shown normal growth and development. This is the first reported association of cCMV infection with TOF. This case highlights the need to consider the possibility of the presence of heart defects in all infants with cCMV infection in addition to neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Clinicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion for cCMV infection in all neonates to ensure timely intervention and to prevent long-term neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Manzoor
- Pediatrics, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Aiman Rehan
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Manahil Akmal
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Tayram B Khalid
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
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Berger A, Doerr HW. Preventing vertical virus infections: the role of serologic screening of pregnant women. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 207:249-253. [PMID: 29971491 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several virus infections affect the pregnancy itself as well as the foetal development (rubella, PVB19, VZV, HSV, HCMV, HBV, HIV). Prevention can be established by vaccination or an assessment of the immunity status as well as by chemotherapy. The following review provides an update to current aspects focusing on the role of serologic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Berger
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität, Paul Ehrlich Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Hans Wilhelm Doerr
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität, Paul Ehrlich Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
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Minsart AF, Smiljkovic M, Renaud C, Gagné MP, Lamarre V, Kakkar F, Boucher M, Boucoiran I. Use of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Hyperimmunoglobulins in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2018; 40:1409-1416. [PMID: 29937136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no consensus on the use of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific hyperimmunoglobulins (CSHIGs) for suspected congenital CMV infections during pregnancy, but this therapy is currently used in some countries. The objectives of this study were to describe tolerability and pregnancy outcome following treatment with monthly intravenous CSHIG and compare rates of positive PCR and postnatal symptoms according to whether CSHIGs were given or not. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included all pregnant women who were diagnosed with primary CMV infection or congenital CMV infection at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (Montreal, QC) between 2005 and 2016. CSHIG was discussed with pregnant women who received positive CMV PCR results from amniotic fluid or if ultrasound anomalies suggested congenital infection and there was serologic evidence of maternal primary infection (therapeutic group). CSHIG was also offered as prophylaxis in pregnant women without fetal ultrasound anomalies but with evidence of maternal primary infection, when amniocentesis either had negative results or was not performed (prophylactic group). A matched analysis was performed to control for timing of maternal infection, amniocentesis, and type and timing of ultrasound anomaly. RESULTS Sixteen women received CSHIG, and 55 had no CMV-specific treatment. CSHIG treatment was well-tolerated. In bivariate analyses, the risk of congenital CMV infection and postnatal symptoms did not significantly decrease with CSHIG treatment, in both the therapeutic and the prophylactic groups. After matching, there was still no difference in outcomes between CSHIG-treated and untreated women. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of CSHIG in preventing congenital CMV infection and its clinical manifestations could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Frédérique Minsart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC
| | - Mina Smiljkovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC
| | - Christian Renaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC
| | - Marie-Pierre Gagné
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC
| | - Valérie Lamarre
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC
| | - Fatima Kakkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC
| | - Marc Boucher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC
| | - Isabelle Boucoiran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC.
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Pass RF, Arav-Boger R. Maternal and fetal cytomegalovirus infection: diagnosis, management, and prevention. F1000Res 2018; 7:255. [PMID: 29560263 PMCID: PMC5832908 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12517.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is a major cause of central nervous system and sensory impairments that affect cognition, motor function, hearing, language development, vestibular function, and vision. Although the importance of congenital cytomegalovirus infection is readily evident, the vast majority of maternal and fetal infections are not identified, even in developed countries. Multiple studies of prenatal cytomegalovirus infections have produced a body of knowledge that can inform the clinical approach to suspected or proven maternal and fetal infection. Reliable diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy and accurate diagnosis of fetal infection are a reality. Approaches to preventing the transmission of cytomegalovirus from mother to fetus and to the treatment of fetal infection are being studied. There is evidence that public health approaches based on hygiene can dramatically reduce the rate of primary maternal cytomegalovirus infections during pregnancy. This review will consider the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection, the diagnosis and management of primary infection during pregnancy, and approaches to preventing maternal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Pass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Children's of Alabama, 1600 7th Avenue South, Suite 108, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Ravit Arav-Boger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Nigro G. Hyperimmune globulin in pregnancy for the prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 15:977-986. [PMID: 29072089 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1398081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common and serious cause of congenital infections in developed countries since it is capable of infecting the fetus after both primary and recurrent maternal infection, and can be spread for years by infected children. Areas covered: Animal and human pregnancy studies about the prevention of congenital CMV infection and disease by CMV-specific hyperimmune globulin (HIG). Commercial HIG is manufactured from the plasma of selected donors with high anti-CMV antibody avidity and titers. Expert commentary: Currently available experimental and clinical studies and case reports support the possible effectiveness and safety of HIG infusions in pregnancy for the prevention of congenital CMV disease. The knowledge about the potential efficacy of preventive or therapeutic HIG administration should be enlarged by multi-center randomized studies, which may be favored by the implementation of CMV screening. Meanwhile, if ultrasound examinations show signs of fetal injury, or CMV is detected in the amniotic fluid, the patients should be advised about the possible option of HIG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Nigro
- a Pediatric School , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy.,b Non-profit Onlus CMV Association Mother to Infant Cytomegalovirus Infection (AMICI) , Rome , Italy
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Hoopmann M, Sonek J, Goldschmid D, Wagner P, Abele H, Kagan KO. Maxillary length in euploid and aneuploid fetuses. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 295:331-336. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading viral intrauterine infection in the United States. It causes more developmental delays and long-term sequelae than Down syndrome (trisomy 21), neural tube defects, or fetal alcohol syndrome combined. Yet, this virus, a member of the herpes virus family, is not well known to the public and its prevention is typically not discussed in obstetric offices. Although many infants with congenital CMV are asymptomatic at birth, a significant proportion still may develop sequelae. Symptomatic infants face potentially devastating consequences. Pharmacologic treatment is reserved for those with severe organ or central nervous system involvement. Treatment of infants with congenital CMV can be complex and requires extensive outpatient follow-up. PURPOSE To educate nurses and nurse practitioners regarding the risks, signs, treatment, and care related to congenital CMV. METHODS/SEARCH STRATEGIES PubMed was searched to obtain English language publications from 2005 to 2015 for studies examining the current knowledge base of congenital cytomegalovirus, sequelae, and subsequent treatment using key terms "cytomegalovirus" combined with "congenital." A total of 18 articles were retained for analysis. FINDINGS/RESULTS Overall, the greatest risk reduction strategy for CMV transmission is education of pregnant women. In the neonate at risk for congenital CMV, early identification, antiviral treatment, and care coordination are pivotal to maximizing outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Increasing understanding of congenital CMV, modes of transmission, signs of infection, and intervention strategies as well as its impact on development are essential to maximizing outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH The need for research exists in the area of valganciclovir's impact on sensorineural hearing loss as well as potential vaccines to protect against CMV transmission. Research is also being conducted in the area of passive immunity via administration of CMV-specific hyperimmune globulin therapy to pregnant women diagnosed with a primary CMV infection.
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Dochez V, Ducarme G. [Acute herpesviridae hepatitis during pregnancy: A review]. Presse Med 2015; 44:660-6. [PMID: 26033557 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis are well defined during pregnancy, including hepatitis A, B, C, D or E. In contrast, viral hepatitis called non-alphabetic, like viruses Herpesviridae family hepatitis [cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV)] are rarely described. The aim of this article is to make a focus on the care of these viral herpesviridae hepatitis during pregnancy. Herpes hepatitis is more common during pregnancy, with a neonatal risk at peripartum period. VZV infection can cause disease to the fetus, with possible vertical transmission, and induce congenital or neonatal varicella. While EBV infection during pregnancy seems benign, the CMV is a high risk of birth defects. The management of these patients therefore depends on the gestational age, but especially the type of virus involved. The diagnosis is therefore essential to adapt treatment and obstetrical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dochez
- Centre hospitalier départemental, service de gynécologie obstétrique, 85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Guillaume Ducarme
- Centre hospitalier départemental, service de gynécologie obstétrique, 85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France.
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Strickler A, Gallo S, King A, Rosenzweig SD. Leucocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 with developmental delay secondary to CMV infection and filiation questions. CASE REPORTS 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-208973. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-208973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Shazly SAM, Abbas AM, Ali SS, Salem NZ. Integrative mid-trimester anomaly (IMTA) chart: a novel sonographic approach for syndromatic challenges (pilot study). J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:885-91. [PMID: 25777576 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1021675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the use of the integrative mid-trimester anomaly (IMTA) chart, a novel chart that aims to increase sonographers' ability to diagnose fetal syndromes and complex anomalies. METHODS This study was conducted between September 2014 and January 2015. Pregnant women who attended our hospital for fetal medicine consultation during the second trimester were recruited. The diagnosis was assigned by a qualified consultant. The research coordinator randomized women between two groups (each consisted of two sonographers with comparable experience) and each was then examined twice (once with and once without the chart). Supposed diagnosis, patient and sonographer satisfactions were reported. RESULTS Twenty five women were recruited. Their average age was 26.48 ± 4.49 years and gestational age at examination was 24.39 ± 6.39. There were 17 (68%) fetuses that had multiple anomalies. The duration of examination was comparable. However, patient and sonographer satisfactions were higher when the same women were examined with the chart (p < 0.0001). The accuracy of diagnosis was also significantly higher (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The IMTA chart seems to be a useful tool for novice sonographers that could increase their diagnostic accuracy and improve their patient and their own satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A M Shazly
- a Women's Health Hospital, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt and.,b Division of Gynecology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Ahmed M Abbas
- a Women's Health Hospital, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt and
| | - Shymaa S Ali
- a Women's Health Hospital, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt and
| | - Neima Z Salem
- a Women's Health Hospital, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt and
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Miescher SM, Huber TM, Kühne M, Lieby P, Snydman DR, Vensak JL, Berger M. In vitro
evaluation of cytomegalovirus‐specific hyperimmune globulins vs. standard intravenous immunoglobulins. Vox Sang 2015; 109:71-8. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - D. R. Snydman
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases Tufts Medical Center Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
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Lang-Roth R. Hearing impairment and language delay in infants: Diagnostics and genetics. GMS CURRENT TOPICS IN OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2014; 13:Doc05. [PMID: 25587365 PMCID: PMC4273166 DOI: 10.3205/cto000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This overview study provides information on important phoniatric and audiological aspects of early childhood hearing and language development with the aim of presenting diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The article first addresses the universal newborn hearing screening that has been implemented in Germany for all infants since January 2009. The process of newborn hearing screening from the maternity ward to confirmation diagnostics is presented in accordance with a decision by the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA). The second topic is pediatric audiology diagnostics. Following confirmation of a permanent early childhood hearing disorder, the search for the cause plays an important role. Hereditary hearing disorders and intrauterine cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, probably the most common cause of an acquired hearing disorder, are discussed and compared with the most common temporary hearing disorder, otitis media with effusion, which in some cases is severe enough to be relevant for hearing and language development and therefore requires treatment. The third topic covered in this article is speech and language development in the first 3 years of life, which is known today to be crucial for later language development and learning to read and write. There is a short overview and introduction to modern terminology, followed by the abnormalities and diagnostics of early speech and language development. Only some aspects of early hearing and language development are addressed here. Important areas such as the indication for a cochlear implant in the first year of life or because of unilateral deafness are not included due to their complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Lang-Roth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cologne University Hospital. Köln, Germany
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Hamilton ST, van Zuylen W, Shand A, Scott GM, Naing Z, Hall B, Craig ME, Rawlinson WD. Prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus complications by maternal and neonatal treatments: a systematic review. Rev Med Virol 2014; 24:420-33. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart T. Hamilton
- Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology; Prince of Wales Hospital; Sydney Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Wendy van Zuylen
- Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology; Prince of Wales Hospital; Sydney Australia
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Antonia Shand
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine; Royal Hospital for Women; Sydney Australia
| | - Gillian M. Scott
- Prince of Wales Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Zin Naing
- Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology; Prince of Wales Hospital; Sydney Australia
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Beverley Hall
- Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology; Prince of Wales Hospital; Sydney Australia
| | - Maria E. Craig
- Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology; Prince of Wales Hospital; Sydney Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Australia
| | - William D. Rawlinson
- Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology; Prince of Wales Hospital; Sydney Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
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