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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms from CSF2, FLT1, TFPI and TLR9 Genes Are Associated with Prelabor Rupture of Membranes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111725. [PMID: 34828331 PMCID: PMC8620696 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) and its subtypes, preterm PROM (pPROM) and term PROM (tPROM), are associated with disturbances in the hemostatic system and angiogenesis. This study was designed to demonstrate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), localized in CSF2 (rs25881), FLT1 (rs722503), TFPI (C-399T) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes, in PROM. A population of 360 women with singleton pregnancy consisted of 180 PROM cases and 180 healthy controls. A single-SNP analysis showed a similar distribution of genotypes in the studied polymorphisms between the PROM or the pPROM women and the healthy controls. Double-SNP TT variants for CSF2 and FLT1 polymorphisms, CC variants for TLR9 and TFPI SNPs, TTC for CSF2, FLT1 and TLR9 polymorphisms, TTT for FLT1, TLR9 and TFPI SNPs and CCCC and TTTC complex variants for all tested SNPs correlated with an increased risk of PROM after adjusting for APTT, PLT parameters and/or pregnancy disorders. The TCT variants for the CSF2, FLT1 and TLR9 SNPs and the CCTC for the CSF2, FLT1, TLR9 and TFPI polymorphisms correlated with a reduced risk of PROM when corrected by PLT and APTT, respectively. We concluded that the polymorphisms of genes, involved in hemostasis and angiogenesis, contributed to PROM.
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Meliț LE, Mărginean CO, Săsăran MO, Mocan S, Ghiga DV, Bogliş A, Duicu C. Innate immunity – the hallmark of Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatric chronic gastritis. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6686-6697. [PMID: 34447815 PMCID: PMC8362532 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i23.6686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immunity was found to be associated with both persistence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and increased risk of gastric cancer.
AIM To identify the risk factors associated with H. pylori infection and to establish the role of TLR9 rs352140 in suppressing or promoting inflammation related to this infection in children.
METHODS We performed a study of 155 children with digestive symptoms, who were divided into two groups according to the histopathological exam: Group 1 – 48 children with H. pylori-induced chronic gastritis, and Group 2 – control group.
RESULTS Rural area and poor living conditions were significantly associated with H. pylori chronic gastritis (P = 0.0042/P < 0.0001). Both positive immunoglobulin A anti H. pylori and the rapid urease test were significantly associated with H. pylori infection (P < 0.0001). Significantly higher values of leukocytes and neutrophils within the peripheral blood were found in children with H. pylori chronic gastritis (P = 0.111/P = 0.284). We found a significant positive correlation between the variant TT genotype of TLR9 rs352140 polymorphism and both leucocytes and neutrophils (P = 0.0225/P = 0.0292).
CONCLUSION Variant TT genotype carriers of the TLR9 rs352140 gene polymorphism might have a more severe degree of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Elena Meliț
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
| | - Maria Oana Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics III, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
| | - Simona Mocan
- Department of Pathology, Emergency County Hospital Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540139, Romania
| | - Dana Valentina Ghiga
- Scientific Medical Research Methodology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
| | - Alina Bogliş
- Department of Genetics, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
| | - Carmen Duicu
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540136, Romania
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Konwar C, Del Gobbo GF, Terry J, Robinson WP. Association of a placental Interleukin-6 genetic variant (rs1800796) with DNA methylation, gene expression and risk of acute chorioamnionitis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:36. [PMID: 30795743 PMCID: PMC6387541 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute chorioamnionitis (aCA), inflammation of the placenta and fetal membranes, is a frequently reported lesion in preterm deliveries. Genetic variants in innate immune system genes such as Interleukin-6 (IL6) may contribute to the placenta's inflammatory response, thus predisposing some pregnancies to aCA. These genetic variants may modulate molecular processes such as DNA methylation and gene expression, and in turn might affect susceptibility to aCA. Currently, there is remarkably little research on the role of fetal (placental) genetic variation in aCA. We aimed to explore the associations between genetic variants in candidate immune-system genes and susceptibility towards inflammatory responses in the placenta, which is linked to a strong inflammatory response in the newborn. METHODS DNA samples from 269 placentas (72 aCA cases, 197 non-aCA cases) were collected for this study. Samples were genotyped at 55 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) and 16 additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 12 candidate innate immune system genes using the Sequenom iPLEX Gold Assay. Publicly available datasets were used to obtain DNA methylation (GSE100197, GSE74738, GSE115508, GSE44667, GSE98224) and gene expression data (GSE44711, GSE98224). RESULTS Differences in IL6 placental allele frequencies were associated with aCA (rs1800796, p = 0.04) with the CC genotype specifically implicated (OR = 3.1; p = 0.02). In a subset of the placental samples (n = 67; chorionic villi), we showed that the IL6 SNP (rs1800796) was associated with differential DNA methylation in five IL6-related CpG sites (cg01770232, cg02335517, cg07998387, cg13104385, and cg0526589), where individuals with a CC genotype showed higher DNA methylation levels than individuals carrying the GG genotype. Using two publicly available datasets, we observed that the DNA methylation levels at cg01770232 negatively correlated with IL6 gene expression in the placenta (r = - 0.67, p < 0.004; r = - 0.56, p < 2.937e-05). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the minor C allele at the IL6 SNP (rs1800796), which is largely limited to East Asian populations, is associated with the presence of aCA. This SNP was associated with increased DNA methylation at a nearby MEPC2 binding site, which was also associated with decreased expression of IL6 in the placenta. Decreased expression of IL6 may increase vulnerability to microbial infection. Additional studies are required to confirm this association in Asian populations with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaini Konwar
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Giulia F. Del Gobbo
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Jefferson Terry
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Pathology, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Wendy P. Robinson
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
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Konwar C, Price EM, Wang LQ, Wilson SL, Terry J, Robinson WP. DNA methylation profiling of acute chorioamnionitis-associated placentas and fetal membranes: insights into epigenetic variation in spontaneous preterm births. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:63. [PMID: 30373633 PMCID: PMC6205793 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental inflammation, often presenting as acute chorioamnionitis (aCA), is commonly associated with preterm birth. Preterm birth can have both immediate and long-term adverse effects on the health of the baby. Developing biomarkers of inflammation in the placenta can help to understand its effects and potentially lead to new approaches for rapid prenatal diagnosis of aCA. We aimed to characterize epigenetic variation associated with aCA in placenta (chorionic villi) and fetal membranes (chorion and amnion) to better understand how aCA may impact processes that lead to preterm birth. This study lays the groundwork for development of novel biomarkers for aCA. METHODS Samples from 44 preterm placentas (chorionic villi) as well as matched chorion and amnion for 16 of these cases were collected for this study. These samples were profiled using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation850 BeadChip to measure DNA methylation (DNAm) at 866,895 CpGs across the genome. An additional 78 placental samples were utilized to independently validate the array findings by pyrosequencing. RESULTS Using a false discovery rate of < 0.15 and average group difference in DNAm of > 0.05, 66 differentially methylated (DM) CpG sites were identified between aCA cases and non-aCA cases in chorionic villi. For the majority of these 66 DM CpGs, the DNAm profile of the aCA cases as compared to the non-aCA cases trended in the direction of the blood cell DNAm. Interestingly, neutrophil-specific DNAm signatures, but not those associated with other immune cell types, were capable of separating aCA cases from the non-aCA cases. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that aCA-associated placentas showed altered DNAm signatures that were not observed in the absence of aCA. This DNAm profile is consistent with the activation of the innate immune response in the placenta and/or reflect increase in neutrophils as a response to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaini Konwar
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - E. Magda Price
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Li Qing Wang
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Samantha L. Wilson
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Jefferson Terry
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Pathology, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Wendy P. Robinson
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
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Effects of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Cytokine, Toll-Like Receptor, and Progesterone Receptor Genes on Risk of Miscarriage. Obstet Gynecol Int 2018; 2018:9272749. [PMID: 30116270 PMCID: PMC6079348 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9272749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous abortion is a complex, multifactorial pathology, where various genetic, neural, endocrine, and immunological factors are involved. Cytokines, Toll-like receptors, and progesterone receptors play critical roles in embryonic implantation and development. A delicate, stage-specific equilibrium of these proteins is required for successful pregnancy outcome. However, genetic variation from one individual to another results in variation in levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines, strength of identification of infectious agents by Toll-like receptors, and quality of progesterone recognition. Thus, a complex study encompassing effects of major SNPs of cytokine, TLR, and PGR genes on the risk of miscarriage is needed. In this study, we investigated SNPs of 9 genes (TLR2 G753A, TLR4 C399T, TLR9 G2848A, TGF-β1 C509T, PGR PROGINS, IL-6 G174C, IL-8 C781T, IL-10 C592A, and TNFα G308A) in 106 women, whose pregnancy ended in miscarriage, and 74 women, who delivered in term without any pregnancy complication. All participants are from Ukrainian population. As a result, TLR9 and IL-10 SNPs have been found to play critical roles in the development of spontaneous abortion. TLR2, TLR4, IL-6, IL-8, and PGR SNPs were identified as secondary factors that can also affect the risk of miscarriage. There was no association found between TGF-β1 and TNFα polymorphisms and miscarriage.
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Chandler MR, Keene KS, Tuomela JM, Forero-Torres A, Desmond R, Vuopala KS, Harris KW, Merner ND, Selander KS. Lower frequency of TLR9 variant associated with protection from breast cancer among African Americans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183832. [PMID: 28886076 PMCID: PMC5590816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an innate immune system DNA-receptor that regulates tumor invasion and immunity in vitro. Low tumor TLR9 expression has been associated with poor survival in Caucasian patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). African American (AA) patients with TNBC have worse prognosis than Caucasians but whether this is due to differences in tumor biology remains controversial. We studied the prognostic significance of tumor Toll like receptor-9 (TLR9) protein expression among African American (AA) triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Germline TLR9 variants in European Americans (EAs) and AAs were investigated, to determine their contribution to AA breast cancer risk. Methods TLR9 expression was studied with immunohistochemistry in archival tumors. Exome Variant Server and The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to determine the genetic variation in the general EA and AA populations, and AA breast cancer cases. Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) were compared between EAs (n = 4300), AAs (n = 2203), and/or AA breast cancer cases (n = 131). Results Thirty-two TLR9 variants had a statistically significant MAF difference between general EAs and AAs. Twenty-one of them affect a CpG site. Rs352140, a variant previously associated with protection from breast cancer, is more common in EAs than AAs (p = 2.20E-16). EAs had more synonymous alleles, while AAs had more rare coding alleles. Similar analyses comparing AA breast cancer cases with AA controls did not reveal any variant class differences; however, three previously unreported TLR9 variants were associated with late onset breast cancer. Although not statistically significant, rs352140 was observed less frequently in AA cases compared to controls. Tumor TLR9 protein expression was not associated with prognosis. Conclusions Tumor TLR9 expression is not associated with prognosis in AA TNBC. Significant differences were detected in TLR9 variant MAFs between EAs and AAs. They may affect TLR9 expression and function. Rs352140, which may protect from breast cancer, is 1.6 X more common among EAs. These findings call for a detailed analysis of the contribution of TLR9 to breast cancer pathophysiology and health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R. Chandler
- Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Kimberly S. Keene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Johanna M. Tuomela
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andres Forero-Torres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Renee Desmond
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Katri S. Vuopala
- Department of Pathology, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Kevin W. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Nancy D. Merner
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Katri S. Selander
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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