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Owen KL, Parker BS. Beyond the vicious cycle: The role of innate osteoimmunity, automimicry and tumor-inherent changes in dictating bone metastasis. Mol Immunol 2017; 110:57-68. [PMID: 29191489 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a fatal consequence of a subset of solid malignancies that fail to respond to conventional therapies. While a myriad of factors contribute to osteotropism and disseminated cell survival and outgrowth in bone, efforts to inhibit tumor cell growth in the bone-metastatic niche have largely relied on measures that disrupt the bi-directional interactions between bone resident and tumor cells. However, the targeting of isolated stromal interactions has proven ineffective to date in inhibiting bone-metastatic progression and patient mortality. Osteoimmune regulation is now emerging as a critical determinant of metastatic growth in the bone microenvironment. While this has highlighted the importance of innate immune populations in dictating the temporal development of overt bone metastases, the osteoimmunological processes that underpin tumor cell progression in bone remain severely underexplored. Along with tumor-intrinsic alterations that occur specifically within the bone microenvironment, innate osteoimmunological crosstalk poses an exciting area of future discovery and therapeutic development. Here we review current knowledge of the unique exchange that occurs between bone resident cells, innate immune populations and tumor cells that leads to the establishment of a tumor-permissive milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Owen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Ben-Ami E, Barysauskas CM, Solomon S, Tahlil K, Malley R, Hohos M, Polson K, Loucks M, Severgnini M, Patel T, Cunningham A, Rodig SJ, Hodi FS, Morgan JA, Merriam P, Wagner AJ, Shapiro GI, George S. Immunotherapy with single agent nivolumab for advanced leiomyosarcoma of the uterus: Results of a phase 2 study. Cancer 2017; 123:3285-3290. [PMID: 28440953 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has changed the therapeutic landscape in oncology. Advanced uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) remains an incurable disease in most cases, and despite new drug approvals, improvements in overall survival have been modest at best. The goal of this study was to evaluate programmed-death 1 (PD-1) inhibition with nivolumab in this patient population. METHODS This single-center phase 2 trial completed enrollment between May and October 2015. Patients received 3 mg/kg of intravenous nivolumab on day 1 of each 2-week cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate. We assessed PD-1, PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and PD-L2 expression in archival tumor samples and variations in immune-phenotyping of circulating immune cells during treatment. RESULTS Twelve patients were enrolled in the first stage of the 2-stage design. A median of 5 (range, 2-6) 2-week cycles of nivolumab were administered. Of the 12 patients, none responded to treatment. The overall median progression-free survival was 1.8 months (95% confidence interval, 0.8-unknown). The study did not open the second stage due to lack of benefit as defined by the statistical plan. Archival samples were available for 83% of patients. PD-1 (>3% of cells), PD-L1, and PD-L2 (>5% and >10% of tumor cells, respectively) expression were observed in 20%, 20%, and 90% of samples, respectively. No significant differences were observed between pre- and posttreatment cell phenotypes. CONCLUSION Single-agent nivolumab did not demonstrate a benefit in this cohort of previously treated advanced ULMS patients. Further biomarker-driven approaches and studies evaluating combined immune checkpoint-modulators should be considered. Cancer 2017;123:3285-90. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan Ben-Ami
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Constance M Barysauskas
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Solomon
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kadija Tahlil
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rita Malley
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa Hohos
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen Polson
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret Loucks
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mariano Severgnini
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tara Patel
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Cunningham
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Morgan
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priscilla Merriam
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew J Wagner
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne George
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Deniger DC, Moyes JS, Cooper LJN. Clinical applications of gamma delta T cells with multivalent immunity. Front Immunol 2014; 5:636. [PMID: 25566249 PMCID: PMC4263175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells hold promise for adoptive immunotherapy because of their reactivity to bacteria, viruses, and tumors. However, these cells represent a small fraction (1–5%) of the peripheral T-cell pool and require activation and propagation to achieve clinical benefit. Aminobisphosphonates specifically expand the Vγ9Vδ2 subset of γδ T cells and have been used in clinical trials of cancer where objective responses were detected. The Vγ9Vδ2 T cell receptor (TCR) heterodimer binds multiple ligands and results in a multivalent attack by a monoclonal T cell population. Alternatively, populations of γδ T cells with oligoclonal or polyclonal TCR repertoire could be infused for broad-range specificity. However, this goal has been restricted by a lack of applicable expansion protocols for non-Vγ9Vδ2 cells. Recent advances using immobilized antigens, agonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), tumor-derived artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC), or combinations of activating mAbs and aAPC have been successful in expanding gamma delta T cells with oligoclonal or polyclonal TCR repertoires. Immobilized major histocompatibility complex Class-I chain-related A was a stimulus for γδ T cells expressing TCRδ1 isotypes, and plate-bound activating antibodies have expanded Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells ex vivo. Clinically sufficient quantities of TCRδ1, TCRδ2, and TCRδ1negTCRδ2neg have been produced following co-culture on aAPC, and these subsets displayed differences in memory phenotype and reactivity to tumors in vitro and in vivo. Gamma delta T cells are also amenable to genetic modification as evidenced by introduction of αβ TCRs, chimeric antigen receptors, and drug-resistance genes. This represents a promising future for the clinical application of oligoclonal or polyclonal γδ T cells in autologous and allogeneic settings that builds on current trials testing the safety and efficacy of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew C Deniger
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Judy S Moyes
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Laurence J N Cooper
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA ; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
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Fernandez MV, Miller EA, Bhardwaj N. Activation and measurement of NLRP3 inflammasome activity using IL-1β in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24894187 DOI: 10.3791/51284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes resulting from the secretion of Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines by immune cells lead to local or systemic inflammation, tissue remodeling and repair, and virologic control(1) (,) (2) . Interleukin-1β is an essential element of the innate immune response and contributes to eliminate invading pathogens while preventing the establishment of persistent infection(1-5). Inflammasomes are the key signaling platform for the activation of interleukin 1 converting enzyme (ICE or Caspase-1). The NLRP3 inflammasome requires at least two signals in DCs to cause IL-1β secretion(6). Pro-IL-1β protein expression is limited in resting cells; therefore a priming signal is required for IL-1β transcription and protein expression. A second signal sensed by NLRP3 results in the formation of the multi-protein NLRP3 inflammasome. The ability of dendritic cells to respond to the signals required for IL-1β secretion can be tested using a synthetic purine, R848, which is sensed by TLR8 in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) to prime cells, followed by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with the bacterial toxin and potassium ionophore, nigericin. Monocyte derived DCs are easily produced in culture and provide significantly more cells than purified human myeloid DCs. The method presented here differs from other inflammasome assays in that it uses in vitro human, instead of mouse derived, DCs thus allowing for the study of the inflammasome in human disease and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center;
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Tumor-activated TCRγδ⁺ T cells from gastric cancer patients induce the antitumor immune response of TCRαβ⁺ T cells via their antigen-presenting cell-like effects. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:593562. [PMID: 24741609 PMCID: PMC3988731 DOI: 10.1155/2014/593562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T cells display the principal characteristics of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), in addition to playing a vital role in immunity through cytokine secretion and their cytotoxic activity. However, it is not clear whether γδ T cells perform APC-like functions under pathological conditions. In this study, we showed that, in contrast to peripheral-derived γδ T cells directly isolated from PBMCs of gastric cancer patients, tumor-activated γδ T cells not only killed tumor cells efficiently but also strongly induced primary CD4+ and CD8+
αβ T cells proliferation and differentiation. More importantly, they abrogated the immunosuppression induced by CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and induced the cytotoxic function of CD8+
αβ T cells from patients with gastric cancer. In conclusion, tumor-activated γδ T cells can induce adaptive immune responses through their APC-like functions, and these cells may be a potentially useful tool in the development of tumor vaccines and immunotherapy.
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