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Zhu L, Jia X, Xie H, Zhang J, Zhu Q. Trichloroethylene exposure, multi-organ injury, and potential mechanisms: A narrative review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174029. [PMID: 38944297 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common environmental pollutant and industrial chemical that has been associated with adverse health effects, especially on organ systems. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current findings on organ system damage caused by TCE exposure and the underlying mechanisms involved. Numerous studies have shown that TCE exposure may cause damage to multiple organ systems, mainly the skin, liver, kidney, and circulatory system. The mechanisms leading to TCE-induced organ system damage are complex and diverse. TCE is metabolized in vivo to reactive intermediates, through which TCE can induce oxidative stress, interfere with cell signaling pathways, and promote inflammatory responses. In addition, studies have shown that TCE interferes with DNA repair mechanisms, leading to genotoxicity and potentially carcinogenic effects. This review highlights the importance of understanding the deleterious effects of TCE exposure on organ systems and provides insights into the underlying mechanisms involved. Further research is needed to elucidate the full range of organ system damage caused by TCE and to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xueqian Jia
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Institute of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; The Center for Scientific Research, AnhuiMedical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.
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Liu Z, Ma J, Zuo X, Zhang X, Hong Y, Cai S, Huang H, Wang F, Wu C, Zhang J, Zhu Q. C5b-9 mediates ferroptosis of tubular epithelial cells in trichloroethylene-sensitization mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114020. [PMID: 36049330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Occupational medicamentose-like dermatitis due to trichloroethylene (OMDT) is a key but unresolved question. OMDT patients often present multiple organ damage, including kidney damage. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of our study was to explore the effect of tubule-specific C5b-9 deposition induced by TCE sensitization on renal tubular ferroptosis and its mechanism. By analyzing pathological changes of TCE-sensitization-mice kidney, we observed a significant renal tubular ferroptosis, which was alleviated by CD59, a C5b-9 inhibitory protein. Moreover, this phenomenon was also replicated in a C5b-9-attacked HK-2 cell model. Further experiments identified that C5b-9 induced cytosolic Ca2+ overload in renal tubular epithelia cells from TCE-sensitization-mice and HK-2 cells. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that BAPTA-AM, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, could rescued ferroptosis induced by C5b-9 in HK-2 cells. Taken together, TCE sensitization induced renal tubular ferroptosis is mediated by C5b-9 and cytosolic Ca2+ overload may play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinru Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xulei Zuo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yiting Hong
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuyang Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changhao Wu
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Zhang X, Duan Y, Ma J, Liu Z, Ding Y, Xie H, Peng J, Wang F, Zhang J, Zhu Q. Trichloroethylene induces immune renal tubular injury through SIRT 1/HSP 70/TLR 4 pathway in BALBc mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109203. [PMID: 36058032 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a volatile chlorinated solvent widely used for cleaning and degreasing industrial metal parts. Due to the widespread use and improper disposal of TCE, exposure to TCE causes a variety of adverse effects on human and animal health. However, the underlying mechanism of the damage remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Sirtuin-1 (SIRT 1) in TCE-induced immune renal tubular injury. 6-8-week-old female BALB/c mice were used to construct a TCE sensitized mouse model. SIRT 1 activator, SRT 1720 (0.1 ml, 5 mg/kg) and toll like receptor 4 (TLR 4) inhibitor, TAK-242 (0.1 ml, 3 mg/kg) were used for treatment. Results show that SIRT 1 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) levels are significantly down-regulated in renal tubules, serum and urine HSP 70 levels are significantly increased, and inflammatory cytokines levels are significantly increased in renal tubules in TCE-sensitized positive mice. After SRT 1720 treatment, intracellular HSP 70 level is significantly increased and extracellular HSP 70 level is decreased, and inflammatory cytokines levels get alleviated. In addition, HSP 70 and Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR 4) proteins exist an interaction that can be significantly attenuated by SIRT 1. Subsequently, inflammation of the renal tubules mediated by SIRT 1 downregulation is attenuated after TAK-242 treatment. In conclusion, SIRT 1 alleviates renal tubular epithelial cells immune injury by inhibiting the release of HSP 70 and thereby weakening interaction with HSP 70 and TLR 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuansheng Duan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jinru Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhibing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yani Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jiale Peng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang B, Huang Y, Yao W, Tao F, Chen Y. Novel Bradykinin Receptor Inhibitors Inhibit Proliferation and Promote the Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inhibiting the ERK Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133915. [PMID: 34206871 PMCID: PMC8272207 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Studies have shown that bradykinin (BK) is highly expressed in liver cancer. We designed the novel BK receptor inhibitors J051-71 and J051-105, which reduced the viability of liver cancer cells and inhibited the formation of cancer cell colonies. J051-71 and J051-105 reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells, which may be due to the inhibition of the extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. In addition, these BK receptor inhibitors reversed the cell proliferation induced by BK in HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells by downregulating B1 receptor expression. Inhibiting B1 receptor expression decreased the protein levels of p-ERK and reduced the malignant progression of HCC, providing a potential target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiou Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Bingxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yibing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Wenjun Yao
- Jiangsu ProteLight Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiangyin 214437, China; (W.Y.); (F.T.)
| | - Fei Tao
- Jiangsu ProteLight Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiangyin 214437, China; (W.Y.); (F.T.)
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.H.)
- Jiangsu ProteLight Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiangyin 214437, China; (W.Y.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8515-5200
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Zhang J, Li N, Yang L, Xie H, Yang Y, Wang H, Wu C, Shen T, Zhu Q. Bradykinin contributes to immune liver injury via B2R receptor-mediated pathways in trichloroethylene sensitized mice: A role in Kupffer cell activation. Toxicology 2019; 415:37-48. [PMID: 30685357 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown trichloroethylene (TCE) induced occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis due to TCE (OMLDT) with immune liver injury, and kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) activation as a probably mechanism underlying the immune damage. Bradykinin (BK) is an important active component of KKS system function, but the specific role of BK in the immune liver injury has never been examined. The present study aimed to explore the important role of BK and mechanisms of action in immune liver injury induced by TCE. TCE sensitization significantly increased the expression of BK receptor (B2R) in the liver. Compared to blank and vehicle control group, TCE sensitization positive mice developed exacerbated liver injury evidenced by elevated AST, ALT levels and hepatocyte damage. TCE sensitization also stimulated MAPK and STAT3 activation in liver tissue. B2R antagonist HOE140 ameliorated these changes. Kupffer cells (KCs) of the liver were also activated following TCE sensitization; both CD68+ KCs and CD16/CD32+ M1 type KCs were increased in TCE positive group. Further experiments isolated the KCs from the liver in each group and showed that TCE sensitization resulted activation of MAPK signal pathway which in turn caused release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, in KCs; the antagonist HOE140 again decreased these changes in KCs. These results uncover a novel role of BK and B2R cross-talk in KCs activation in TCE sensitized mice, mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokine release via MAPK and STAT3 activation, contributing to the immune liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changhao Wu
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Liu M, Wang H, Zhang J, Yang X, Li B, Wu C, Zhu Q. NF-κB signaling pathway-enhanced complement activation mediates renal injury in trichloroethylene-sensitized mice. J Immunotoxicol 2018. [PMID: 29534626 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2017.1420712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both NF-κB pathway and complement activation appear to be involved in kidney damage induced by trichloroethylene (TCE). However, any relationship between these two systems has not yet been established. The present study aimed to clarify the role of NF-κB in complement activation and renal injury in TCE-sensitized BALB/c mice. Mice were sensitized by an initial subcutaneous injection and repeated focal applications of TCE to dorsal skin at specified timepoints. NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was injected (intraperitoneal) before the final two focal TCE challenges. In the experiments, mice had their blood and kidneys collected. Kidney function was evaluated via blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) content; renal histology was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Kidney levels of phospho-p65 were assessed by Western blot and kidney mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and p65 by real-time quantitative PCR. Presence of C3 and C5b-9 membrane attack complexes in the kidneys was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. The results showed there was significant swelling, vacuolar degeneration in mitochondria, shrinkage of microvilli, disappearance of brush borders, segmental foot process fusion, and glomerular basement membrane thickening (or disrobing) in kidneys from TCE-sensitized mice. In conjunction with these changes, serum BUN and Cr levels were increased and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNFα mRNA levels were elevated. Levels of p65 and phospho-p65 protein were also up-regulated, and there was significant C3 and C5b-9 deposition. PDTC pretreatment attenuated TCE-induced up-regulation of p65 and its phosphorylation, complement deposition, cytokine release, and renal damage. These results provide the first evidence that NF-κB pathway has an important role in TCE-induced renal damage mediated by enhanced complement activation in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- a Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health (School of Public Health) , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Hui Wang
- b Department of Nutrition , Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,c Institute of Dermatology , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- a Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health (School of Public Health) , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,c Institute of Dermatology , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- a Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health (School of Public Health) , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Bodong Li
- a Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health (School of Public Health) , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Changhao Wu
- d Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Surrey , Guildford , UK
| | - Qixing Zhu
- c Institute of Dermatology , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
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Yang L, Zhang J, Li N, Xie H, Chen S, Wang H, Shen T, Zhu QX. Bradykinin receptor in immune-mediated renal tubular injury in trichloroethylene-sensitized mice: Impact on NF-κB signaling pathway. J Immunotoxicol 2018; 15:126-136. [DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2018.1532974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangping Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi-xing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Role of selective blocking of bradykinin B1 receptor in attenuating immune liver injury in trichloroethylene-sensitized mice. Cytokine 2018; 108:71-81. [PMID: 29579546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is able to induce trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome (THS) with multi-system immune injuries. In our previous study, we found kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) activation, including the bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R), which contributed to immune organ injury in TCE sensitized mice. However, the mechanism of B1R mediating immune dysfunction is not clarified. The present study initiates to investigate the potential mechanism of B1R on liver injury. We establish a TCE sensitized BALB/c mouse model to explore the mechanism with or without a B1R inhibitor R715. We found B1R expression was increased in TCE sensitization-positive mice. As expect, hepatocyte intracellular organelles and mitochondria disappeared, glycogen particles reduced significantly as well in TCE sensitization-positive mice via the transmission electron microscopic examination, meanwhile, R715 alleviated the deteriorate above. The blockade of B1R resulted in a significant decreased p-ERK1/2 and increased p-AKT expression. The expression of CD68 kupffer cell and its relative cytokine, including IL-6 and TNF-α, increased in TCE sensitization-positive mice and decreased in R715 pretreatment TCE sensitization-positive mice. Together, the results demonstrate B1R plays a key role in ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal pathway activation and inflammation cytokine expression in immune liver injury induced by TCE. B1R exerts a pivotal role in the development of TCE induced liver injury.
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Heydari M, Ahmadizadeh M, Ahmadi Angali K. Ameliorative effect of vitamin E on trichloroethylene-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Nephropathol 2016; 6:168-173. [PMID: 28975097 PMCID: PMC5607979 DOI: 10.15171/jnp.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
1,1,2-Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an important organic solvent which is widespread in the environment. Work place exposure to TCE has been associated adverse effects in many organs including kidney. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that can overcome oxidative stress.
Objectives:
The aim of the present study is to examine the role of vitamin E against destructive effects of TCE on rat kidney.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of equal number in each. The rats in group I were the controls received vehicle only. Animals in groups III, V and VII received intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of corn oil. Rats in groups of II, IV, and VI were received vitamin E at a dose of 200 mg/kg; 30 minutes later, animals were received TCE (i.p) at doses of 1000 mg/kg (groups II and III), 1500 mg/kg (groups of IV and V), and 2000 mg/kg (groups of VI and VII) respectively. The experiment repeated for 7 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after last administration, animals were killed with overdose of sodium pentobarbital. Blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). One part of the kidney tissues were excised for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations. Another part were excised for histopathological estimation.
Results:
TCE induced a dose-dependent elevation in BUN, Cr, MDA and markedly decreased GSH level when compared to those in control rats. TCE-induced dose-dependent injury in rat kidney tissue. Vitamin E significantly decreased BUN, Cr, MDA and increased GSH levels and protected kidney damage in TCE treated animals.
Conclusions:
The observations suggest that vitamin E may have a protective effect against TCE-induced oxidative stress in the rat kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Heydari
- Department of Occupational Health, Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Massumeh Ahmadizadeh
- Department of Occupational Health, Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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