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Grossi AP, Astori AF, Nakatani ET, Jure R, Salazar D, Tonni G, Sepulveda W. Prenatal Diagnosis of Umbilical Cord Angiomyxoma: Case Studies and Literature Review of 45 Cases. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2024; 43:1769-1784. [PMID: 38884130 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
We describe two cases of umbilical cord (UC) angiomyxoma diagnosed prenatally by sonography in the second trimester of pregnancy. In both cases, a complex mass was detected at the placental insertion site, characterized by an echoic nodule surrounding the umbilical vessels and distal edematous Wharton's jelly. Follow-up scans showed that the mass grew mainly at the expense of its edematous component, with normal uteroplacental Dopplers throughout the remaining of the pregnancy. However, late-onset fetal growth restriction complicated the progress of pregnancy, requiring delivery by Cesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation in both cases. Neonatal courses were unremarkable. An extensive review of the English literature was also performed, collecting 45 similar cases including ours. Our experience as well as the review of the literature confirms that UC angiomyxoma is an uncommon, sporadic condition that is usually detected incidentally during prenatal sonography and presents as an isolated finding. Nevertheless, it represents a high-risk condition for pregnancy complications including prematurity, fetal growth restriction, and fetal demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pires Grossi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nossa Senhora do Rocio Hospital, Campo Largo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Deyana Salazar
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Dr. Franco Ravera Zunino, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Gabriele Tonni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda USL - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Waldo Sepulveda
- FETALMED-Maternal-Fetal Diagnostic Center, Fetal Imaging Unit, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Ferreira EO, Stefanovici C, Kostadinov S, Duncan V. Umbilical Cord Hemangiomas: A Multi-Institutional Case Series With Literature Review. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2024:10935266241264161. [PMID: 39056566 DOI: 10.1177/10935266241264161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Umbilical cord hemangiomas are rare lesions, for which data on pregnancy outcome is lacking. This study combines a multi-institution 4-case series with a systematic literature search (n = 52) to determine possible pathologic lesion parameters which may have an effect on pregnancy outcome. Of all 56 pregnancies, lesion size ranged from 0.2 to 23.0 cm with pregnancy outcomes ranging from healthy liveborns (58.9%), liveborns with severe complications largely due to prematurity and/or fluid overload (12.5%), intrauterine/neonatal demise (25.0%), and pregnancy termination (3.6%). Of the 52 cases included for statistical analysis, there was no significant association between fetal outcome and vascular lesion location (P = .12) or fetal outcome and single umbilical artery involvement versus involvement of other vasculature (P = .29). The mean length of vascular lesions that resulted in healthy liveborns did not significantly differ from those resulting in severe fetal complications and/or demise (P = .72). Cases resulting in severe complications and/or demise were significantly earlier at delivery than those resulting in healthy liveborns (P < .001). Combined findings suggest that functional lesion characteristics, such as the degree of turbulent flow generated, have more significance than size, especially in early gestation losses. Moving forward, standardized reporting of pathologic lesion characteristics is paramount to better predict pregnancy prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Camelia Stefanovici
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Stefan Kostadinov
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Virginia Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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3
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Thayer MB, Sahraoui G, Abouda HS, Farhati M, Doghri R, Mrad K. Ovarian mass in a patient with invasive breast carcinoma: A case report of an unexpected diagnosis. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 117:109457. [PMID: 38471218 PMCID: PMC10945163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian steroid cell tumors not otherwise specified (OSCT-NOS) are extremely rare ovarian sex cord stromal tumors, accounting for <0.1 % of all ovarian tumors. In 25 % of cases, they are asymptomatic leading to a delay in diagnosis. We, herein, report a singular case of OSCT-NOS diagnosed incidentally during the spread assessment of an invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NOS). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of co-occurrence of OSCT-NOS and IBC-NOS. We aim to study the clinic-pathological characteristics of this rare tumor. CASE PRESENTATION A 56-years old postmenopausal female, with no previous medical history, was diagnosed with an invasive IBC-NOS. The tomography performed during the spread assessment of IBC-NOS showed a suspicious mass of the right ovary. Pelvic MRI revealed an ovarian solid T1 isointense and T2 hyperintense mass. The first evoked diagnosis was an ovarian metastasis of the IBC-NOS. The patient underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. On gross examination, an ovarian solid mass measuring 2,5x2cm, with a firm gray yellowish cut surface was noted. Microscopic examination and immunostaining concluded to OSCT-NOS and ruled out the diagnosis of an ovarian metastasis of IBC-NOS. CONCLUSION OSCT-NOS are rare neoplasms. Their diagnosis might be challenging especially in absence of hormonal symptoms. A better knowledge of this rare entities would enable early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maissa Ben Thayer
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Salah Azaïez's Institute, Department of Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ghada Sahraoui
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Salah Azaïez's Institute, Department of Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Mahdi Farhati
- C Unit, Tunis Maternity and Neonatology Center, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Doghri
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Salah Azaïez's Institute, Department of Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karima Mrad
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Salah Azaïez's Institute, Department of Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
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4
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Wanyonyi S, Nyagaka F, Okiro P, Ogutu L, Nyaichowa A, Oindi F, Sequeira E. Umbilical cord hemangioma and pseudocyst with favorable fetal outcome. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7656. [PMID: 37415590 PMCID: PMC10319952 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message There is a high association between umbilical cord hemangiomas or cysts with fetal mortality. However, favorable outcome is possible with proper prenatal monitoring and care. Abstract Umbilical cord hemangiomas are rare neoplasms of vascular origin, commonly found in the free section of the umbilical cord proximal to placental insertion. They are associated with an increased risk of fetal mortality. We present a rare co-occurrence of an umbilical cord hemangioma and a pseudocyst managed conservatively, with favorable fetal outcome despite the interval increase in size, decreased caliber of the umbilical arteries, and fetal chest compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikolia Wanyonyi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
| | - Felix Nyagaka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
| | | | - Lilian Ogutu
- Department of PathologyAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
| | - Alice Nyaichowa
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
| | - Felix Oindi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
| | - Evan Sequeira
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
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5
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Ben Thayer M, Helal I, Khanchel F, Mbarki C, Bettaieb H, Ben Brahim E, Jouini R, Chadli Debbiche A. Hemangioma of the umbilical cord: A case report on a rare entity. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6441. [PMID: 36245456 PMCID: PMC9547990 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several hundred cases of placental hemangiomas have been reported in the literature. However, the umbilical cord is extremely uncommon as a site of occurrence. We present a case of postnatal discovery of giant hemangioma of the umbilical cord (HUM) in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) positive mother. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HUM synchronous to a maternal infection with COVID 19. We aim, through this case and a review of the literature, to study the clinicopathological characteristics of this singular entity. Our patient, a 37-year-old woman, presented to the Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology for respiratory distress and loss of fetal movements. Ultrasound examination concluded to intrauterine fetal desmise. After stabilization of the patient, a cesarean section was performed. A macerated fetus was extracted. Placenta showed a giant mass attached to the cord. It was submitted for pathological examination. Gross examination showed that the umbilical cord was inserted eccentrically with a fusiform dilation. Near its placental end, three cohesive solid angiomatous nodules were noted. Microscopic examination revealed lobules of dilated blood-filled capillaries set in a myxoid stroma. The diagnosis of HUM have been established. HUM arise from endothelial cells of the umbilical vessels. Their etiology, physio-pathology and pathways of tumorigenesis are not yet well defined. Further studies are needed to explore the pathways of tumorigenesis and to determin the implication of COVID-19 in HUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maissa Ben Thayer
- Tunis El Manar UniversityFaculty of Medicine of TunisTunisTunisia
- Department of pathologyHabib Thameur's HospitalTunisTunisia
| | - Imen Helal
- Tunis El Manar UniversityFaculty of Medicine of TunisTunisTunisia
- Department of pathologyHabib Thameur's HospitalTunisTunisia
| | - Fatma Khanchel
- Tunis El Manar UniversityFaculty of Medicine of TunisTunisTunisia
- Department of pathologyHabib Thameur's HospitalTunisTunisia
| | - Chaouki Mbarki
- Tunis El Manar UniversityFaculty of Medicine of TunisTunisTunisia
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecologyYasminette's HospitalBen ArousTunisia
| | - Hajer Bettaieb
- Tunis El Manar UniversityFaculty of Medicine of TunisTunisTunisia
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecologyYasminette's HospitalBen ArousTunisia
| | - Ehsen Ben Brahim
- Tunis El Manar UniversityFaculty of Medicine of TunisTunisTunisia
- Department of pathologyHabib Thameur's HospitalTunisTunisia
| | - Raja Jouini
- Tunis El Manar UniversityFaculty of Medicine of TunisTunisTunisia
- Department of pathologyHabib Thameur's HospitalTunisTunisia
| | - Aschraf Chadli Debbiche
- Tunis El Manar UniversityFaculty of Medicine of TunisTunisTunisia
- Department of pathologyHabib Thameur's HospitalTunisTunisia
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Sherer DM, Al-Haddad S, Cheng R, Dalloul M. Current Perspectives of Prenatal Sonography of Umbilical Cord Morphology. Int J Womens Health 2021; 13:939-971. [PMID: 34703323 PMCID: PMC8541738 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s278747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The umbilical cord constitutes a continuation of the fetal cardiovascular system anatomically bridging between the placenta and the fetus. This structure, critical in human development, enables mobility of the developing fetus within the gestational sac in contrast to the placenta, which is anchored to the uterine wall. The umbilical cord is protected by unique, robust anatomical features, which include: length of the umbilical cord, Wharton’s jelly, two umbilical arteries, coiling, and suspension in amniotic fluid. These features all contribute to protect and buffer this essential structure from potential detrimental twisting, shearing, torsion, and compression forces throughout gestation, and specifically during labor and delivery. The arterial components of the umbilical cord are further protected by the presence of Hyrtl’s anastomosis between the two respective umbilical arteries. Abnormalities of the umbilical cord are uncommon yet include excessively long or short cords, hyper or hypocoiling, cysts, single umbilical artery, supernumerary vessels, rarely an absent umbilical cord, stricture, furcate and velamentous insertions (including vasa previa), umbilical vein and arterial thrombosis, umbilical artery aneurysm, hematomas, and tumors (including hemangioma angiomyxoma and teratoma). This commentary will address current perspectives of prenatal sonography of the umbilical cord, including structural anomalies and the potential impact of future imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Sherer
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sara Al-Haddad
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Regina Cheng
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Mudar Dalloul
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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7
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Angelico G, Spadola S, Ieni A, Gurrera A, Arena M, Vitale S, Arciuolo D, Valente M, Santoro A, Inzani F, Zannoni G. Hemangioma of the umbilical cord with associated amnionic inclusion cyst: two uncommon entities occurring simultaneously. Pathologica 2019; 111:13-17. [PMID: 31217617 PMCID: PMC8138541 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-26-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord hemangioma is an uncommon benign vascular neoplasm arising from the free segment of the umbilical cord, distinct from placental and fetal insertion, and is thought to originate from endothelial cells of the umbilical vessels. Cystic changes in the umbilical cord rarely occur as a consequence of the damage to the amnionic surface of the cord caused by the presence of the hemangioma. Until now, a total of 8 cases of umbilical cord hemangioma associated with cystic changes in the umbilical cord have been reported in the literature, however, among these cases, only one showed an associated cyst derived from inclusion of the amniotic epithelium, and the remaining seven cases consisted of hemangiomas with associated pseudocyst of the umbilical cord. We herein report a case of umbilical cord hemangioma with an associated amnionic epithelial inclusion cyst. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnostic considerations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Angelico
- Department of Gynecologic Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Spadola
- Department of Gynecologic Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - A. Gurrera
- Division of Pathology, Vittorio Emanuele, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - M.G. Arena
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - S.G. Vitale
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Italy
| | - D. Arciuolo
- Department of Gynecologic Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Valente
- Department of Gynecologic Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Santoro
- Department of Gynecologic Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Inzani
- Department of Gynecologic Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G.F. Zannoni
- Department of Gynecologic Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Gynecologic Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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8
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Berar M, Balouet P, Chappey C, Dreyfus M, Molin A, Benoist G. [Antenatal diagnosis of an umbilical cord hemangioma]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 46:610-613. [PMID: 29958835 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Berar
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, CHU Côte-de-Nacre, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen-Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - P Balouet
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, centre hospitalier Mémorial-Saint-Lô, 50000 Saint-Lô, France
| | - C Chappey
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, CHU Côte-de-Nacre, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen-Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M Dreyfus
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, CHU Côte-de-Nacre, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen-Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A Molin
- Service d'anatomo-pathologie, CHU Côte-de-Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Benoist
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, CHU Côte-de-Nacre, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen-Normandie, 14000 Caen, France.
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9
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Iglesias-Deus A, Pérez-Muñuzuri A, Urisarri A, Bautista-Casasnovas A, Couce ML. Umbilical cord and visceral hemangiomas diagnosed in the neonatal period: A case report and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5196. [PMID: 27759656 PMCID: PMC5079340 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord hemangioma is very rare and may not be detected prenatally. However, it should be considered in differential diagnosis with other umbilical masses because it can cause significant morbidity. METHODS We report the case of a newborn referred with suspected omphalitis and umbilical hernia. RESULTS Physical examination showed an irreducible umbilical tumor, the size of olive, with dubious secretion. The initial suspected diagnosis was urachal or omphalomesenteric duct remnants. Abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed an umbilical and a mesenteric mass. Tumor markers were negative. A definitive diagnosis of umbilical cord and intestinal hemangioma was established after surgical excision and histologic examination of the umbilical mass. Propranolol was prescribed due to the extent of the intestinal lesion. CONCLUSION This report highlights the diagnostic challenges of hemangiomas in unusual locations. Apart from the rarity of these tumors, few tests are available to guide diagnosis, and surgery and histologic examination are generally required for a definitive diagnosis. Finally, it is essential to rule out associated malformations and hemangiomas in other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Iglesias-Deus
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics. Santiago de Compostela University Hospital, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela)
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Muñuzuri
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics. Santiago de Compostela University Hospital, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela)
| | - Adela Urisarri
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics. Santiago de Compostela University Hospital, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela)
| | | | - Maria-Luz Couce
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics. Santiago de Compostela University Hospital, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela)
- Correspondence: María-Luz Couce, Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital, Travesía Choupana, s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, España (e-mail: )
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10
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Smulian JC, Sarno AP, Rochon ML, Loven VA. The natural history of an umbilical cord hemangioma. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2016; 44:455-458. [PMID: 26899634 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical cord hemangiomas are rare, and the natural history is poorly understood. We present a case where the clinical course was complicated by distal umbilical cord edema, episodes of proximal obstruction of umbilical artery blood flow, transient fetal pleural and pericardial effusions, and position-dependent abnormal fetal heart rate monitoring with periods of sustained fetal tachycardia. Delivery was performed for fetal growth restriction with abnormal fetal surveillance. This case highlights possible mechanisms for fetal decompensation as well as the importance of a multifaceted approach to the management of an umbilical cord mass using multiple tools for fetal assessment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:455-458, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Smulian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, 18103
- University of South Florida-Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612
| | - Albert P Sarno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, 18103
- University of South Florida-Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612
| | - Meredith L Rochon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, 18103
- University of South Florida-Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612
| | - Victoria A Loven
- University of South Florida-Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612
- Department of Pathology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, 18105
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11
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Abstract
A case of hemangioma of the umbilical cord with an associated amnionic epithelial inclusion cyst (4.5 cm in maximum dimension), diagnosed by pathological examination at 26 weeks of gestation following in utero fetal demise, is reported. These are both uncommon lesions of the umbilical cord, and to our knowledge, have not been reported together. Prenatal ultrasound at 20 weeks of gestation had shown no fetal or placental abnormalities. The cyst formation may have been secondary to the hemangioma, possibly the result of damage to the amnion caused by the associated edema and myxomatous degeneration of Wharton's jelly.
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