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Al-Harbi N, Abdulla MH, Vaali-Mohammed MA, Bin Traiki T, Alswayyed M, Al-Obeed O, Abid I, Al-Omar S, Mansour L. Evidence of Association between CTLA-4 Gene Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancers in Saudi Patients. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040874. [PMID: 37107632 PMCID: PMC10138150 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has been identified as an immunosuppressive molecule involved in the negative regulation of T cells. It is highly expressed in several types of autoimmune diseases and cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). (1) Objective: To explore the association between CTLA-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and risk to (CRC) in the Saudi population. (2) Methods: In this case-control study, 100 patients with CRC and 100 matched healthy controls were genotyped for three CTLA-4 SNPs: rs11571317 (-658C > T), rs231775 (+49A > G) and rs3087243 (CT60 G > A), using TaqMan assay method. Associations were evaluated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for five inheritance models (co-dominant, dominant, recessive, over-dominant and log-additive). Furthermore, CTLA-4 expression levels were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR) in colon cancer and adjacent colon tissues. (3) Results: Our result showed a significant association of the G allele (OR = 2.337, p < 0.0001) and GG genotype of the missense SNP +49A > G with increased risk of developing CRC in codominant (OR = 8.93, p < 0.0001) and recessive (OR = 16.32, p < 0.0001) models. Inversely, the AG genotype was significantly associated with decreased risk to CRC in the codominant model (OR = 0.23, p < 0.0001). In addition, the CT60 G > A polymorphism exhibited a strong association with a high risk of developing CRC for the AA genotype in codominant (OR = 3.323, p = 0.0053) and in allele models (OR = 1.816, p = 0.005). No significant association was found between -658C > T and CRC. The haplotype analysis showed that the G-A-G haplotype of the rs11571317, rs231775 and rs3087243 was associated with high risk for CRC (OR = 57.66; p < 0.001). The CTLA-4 mRNA gene expression was found significantly higher in tumors compared to normal adjacent colon samples (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Our findings support an association between the CTLA-4 rs231775 (+49A > G) and rs3087243 (CT60 G > A) polymorphisms and CRC risk in the Saudi population. Further validation in a larger cohort size is needed prior to utilizing these SNPs as a potential screening marker in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Al-Harbi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha-Hamadien Abdulla
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Thamer Bin Traiki
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alswayyed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Al-Obeed
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islem Abid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al-Omar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Marzouni ET, Dorcheh SP, Nejad-Moghaddam A, Ghanei M, Goodarzi H, Hosseini SE, Madani H. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate lung epithelial injury through mitigating of oxidative stress in mustard lung. Regen Med 2020; 15:1861-1876. [PMID: 32935623 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated potential efficacy of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) on oxidative stress (OS) and airway remodeling in patients with chronic mustard lung. Patients & methods: Ten patients received 100 × 106 cells every 20 days for 4 injections over a 2-month period. Results: A gradual improvement was observed for 6 min walk test scores, pulmonary function tests and respiratory quality after MSCs therapy. A significant decrease was found for the mean levels of Mucin-1 protein (KL-6; p = 0.022) and Clara cell protein 16 (CC16; p = 0.005). Antioxidants had a tendency to be higher after each injection. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that MSCs therapy can be safely used for improvement of lung injury and regeneration in these patients without adverse effects. Trial registration number: NCT02749448 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisa Tahmasbpour Marzouni
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Panahi Dorcheh
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nejad-Moghaddam
- Marine Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Khamenei University, Zibakenar, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology & Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Goodarzi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology & Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Esmat Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Madani
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Sadeghi S, Tapak M, Ghazanfari T, Mosaffa N. A review of Sulfur Mustard-induced pulmonary immunopathology: An Alveolar Macrophage Approach. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:115-129. [PMID: 32758513 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite many studies investigating the mechanism of Sulfur Mustard (SM) induced lung injury, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Inflammatory and subsequent fibroproliferative stages of SM-toxicity are based upon several highly-related series of events controlled by the immune system. The inhalation of SM gas variably affects different cell populations within the lungs. Various studies have shown the critical role of macrophages in triggering a pulmonary inflammatory response as well as its maintenance, resolution, and repair. Importantly, macrophages can serve as either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory populations depending on the present conditions at any pathological stage. Different characteristics of macrophages, including their differentiation, phenotypic, and functional properties, as well as interactions with other cell populations determine the outcomes of lung diseases and the extent of long- or short-term pulmonary damage induced by SM. In this paper, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of alveolar macrophages and their mediators in the pathogenesis of SM in pulmonary injury. Investigating the specific cells and mechanisms involved in SM-lung injury may be useful in finding new target opportunities for treatment of this injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Tapak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Bolouki A, Zal F. Impact of War on Fertility and Infertility. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2020; 23:S16-S22. [PMID: 32349503 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2020.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND War causes more death and disability than many major diseases. There are few studies in the context of the deleterious impact of war on fertility potential; therefore, in this study, we tried to review articles about the adverse effects of war on male/ female fertility potential. METHODS In this study, a total of 183 articles related to the effects of war on fertility potential were examined by a systematic search using known international medical databases. RESULTS Among these studies, there were limited studies on the effects of war on female infertility and most studies examined the effects of war on sperm parameters and male infertility. The physical and psychological trauma of war can increase the risk of infertility in men and women. Presence of reproductive system toxins in weapons, stressful periods of war and direct damage to the reproductive system can impair the fertility of men and women. The way war affects male fertility is not clear, but the higher degree of stress during wartime seems to play an important role. Using reproductive toxicants during the war also increases the risk of impairment in reproductive function in men. Some studies have shown the harmful effects of Sulfur mustard as a war chemical toxin especially on sperm quality and male infertility. Oxidative stress induced by free radicals is a major mechanism for the direct effects of Sulfur mustard on male infertility. CONCLUSION The study of past research suggests that exposure to war may be an independent risk factor for reproductive disorders and infertility in men. For female infertility, war leads to menstrual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeh Bolouki
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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5
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NAD + in sulfur mustard toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2020; 324:95-103. [PMID: 32017979 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxicant and chemical warfare agent with strong vesicant properties. The mechanisms behind SM-induced toxicity are not fully understood and no antidote or effective therapy against SM exists. Both, the risk of SM release in asymmetric conflicts or terrorist attacks and the usage of SM-derived nitrogen mustards as cancer chemotherapeutics, render the mechanisms of mustard-induced toxicity a highly relevant research subject. Herein, we review a central role of the abundant cellular molecule nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in molecular mechanisms underlying SM toxicity. We also discuss the potential beneficial effects of NAD+ precursors in counteracting SM-induced damage.
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6
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Time course study of oxidative stress in sulfur mustard analog 2‑chloroethyl ethyl sulfide-induced toxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:81-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Gorrasi J, Peluffo G, Botti H, Batthyany C, Naviliat M, Barrios E, Correa H, Radi R. Lung nitroxidative stress in mechanically-ventilated septic patients: A pilot study. J Crit Care 2019; 51:204-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Liu J, Tang W, Lin W, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Liu M, Xu W, Lin J, Zhang L. Lack of Association Between CTLA-4 Genetic Polymorphisms and Noncardiac Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Population. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:443-448. [PMID: 30888206 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wanzun Lin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiling Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Miao Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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9
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Borna H, Hosseini Qale Noe SH, Harchegani AB, Talatappe NR, Ghatrehsamani M, Ghanei M, Shahriary A. A review on proteomics analysis to reveal biological pathways and predictive proteins in sulfur mustard exposed patients: roles of inflammation and oxidative stress. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:3-11. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1558316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojat Borna
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hojjat Hosseini Qale Noe
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rahmani Talatappe
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghatrehsamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Kaboudanian Ardestani S, Taravati A, Kianmehr Z, Hajizadeh Dastjerdi A, Pourfarzam S, Soroush MR, Naghizadeh MM, Ghazanfari T. Altered levels of GST activity, Vit C, TPX and Cu in individuals with long-term sulfur mustard-induced lung complications. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 30:483-491. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1545809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Taravati
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Zahra Kianmehr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology (Biochemistry), Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Protective effects of polydatin against sulfur mustard-induced hepatic injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 367:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Beigi Harchegani A, Mirnam Niha M, Sohrabiyan M, Ghatrehsamani M, Tahmasbpour E, Shahriary A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sulfur mustard toxicity on spermatozoa and male fertility. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1029-1035. [PMID: 30510677 PMCID: PMC6220723 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00062j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxic compound that can target human spermatozoa. SM induces a wide variety of pathological effects in human reproductive organs, including sexual hormone disturbance, testicular atrophy, impaired spermatogenesis, poor sperm quality, defects in embryo development, childhood physical abnormalities, and severe fertility problems. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of SM action on male reproductive health and human sperm function are unclear. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species and the resulting oxidative stress is likely a significant mechanism of SM action, and could be associated with sperm DNA damage, membrane lipid peroxidation, reduced membrane fluidity, mitochondrial deficiency, apoptosis, and poor sperm quality. In this review, we aim to discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SM action on sperm and reproductive health, the significance of OS, and the mechanisms through which SM enhances the infertility rate among SM-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center , Systems biology and poisonings institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran . ; Tel: +21-82482502
| | - Mahdiyeh Mirnam Niha
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering , Central Tehran Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Milad Sohrabiyan
- Chemical Injuries Research Center , Systems biology and poisonings institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran . ; Tel: +21-82482502
| | - Mahdi Ghatrehsamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran . ; Tel: +21-9111193051
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center , Systems biology and poisonings institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran . ; Tel: +21-82482502
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13
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Beigi Harchegani A, Khor A, Tahmasbpour E, Ghatrehsamani M, Bakhtiari Kaboutaraki H, Shahriary A. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in acute and chronic phases of sulfur mustard injuries: a review. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2018; 38:9-17. [DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2018.1495230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Khor
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghatrehsamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hamid Bakhtiari Kaboutaraki
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khamisabadi A, Tahmasbpour E, Ghanei M, Shahriary A. Roles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in SM-induced pathologies. TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1477163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khamisabadi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Layali I, Shahriary A, Rahmani Talatappe N, Tahmasbpour E, Rostami H, Beigi Harchegani A. Sulfur mustard triggers oxidative stress through glutathione depletion and altered expression of glutathione-related enzymes in human airways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:290-296. [PMID: 29676192 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1460754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sulfur mustard (SM) is a lipophilic and reactive chemical compound that targets human airway system. OBJECTIVE Glutathione (GSH) depletion, oxidative stress (OS) status, and changes in expression of GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes were considered in human mustard lungs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lung biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected from non-exposed (n = 10) individuals and SM-exposed patients (n = 12). Alterations in expression of GSH-dependent enzymes were studied using RT2 Profiler™ PCR array. OS was evaluated by determining BAL fluid levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and GSH. RESULTS Mean TAC (0.142 ± 0.027 µmol/l) and GSH (4.98 ± 1.02 nmol/l) in BAL fluids of control group was significantly higher (p < .05) than those in SM-exposed patients (TAC = 0.095 ± 0.018 µmol/l and GSH= 3.09 ± 1.02 nmol/l), while MDA level in BAL fluids of these patients (0.71 ± 0.06 nmol/l) was significantly (p = .001) higher than that in controls (0.49 ± 0.048 nmol/l). Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs), and glutathione synthetase (GSS) enzymes were overexpressed in mustard lung biopsies, while glutathione reductase (GSR) was significantly downregulated (14.95-fold). CONCLUSIONS GSH depletion induced by GSR downregulation may be a major mechanism of SM toxicity on human lung. Despite overexpression of GSTs and GPXs genes, GSH depletion may decline the productivity of these enzymes and total antioxidants capacity, which is associated with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Layali
- a Department of Biochemistry , Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University , Sari , Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- b Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rahmani Talatappe
- b Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- c Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Rostami
- d Heltch Research Center, Life Style Institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- b Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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16
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Beigi Harchegani A, Tahmasbpour E, Borna H, Imamy A, Ghanei M, Shahriary A. Free Radical Production and Oxidative Stress in Lung Tissue of Patients Exposed to Sulfur Mustard: An Overview of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:211-222. [PMID: 29569912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical alkylating compound that primary targets lung tissue. It causes a wide variety of pathological effects in respiratory system such as chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, necrosis of the mucosa and inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms for these pathologies are still unclear. Oxidative stress (OS) induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is likely a significant mechanism by which SM leads to cell death and tissues injury. SM can trigger various molecular and cellular pathways that are linked to ROS generation, OS, and inflammation. Hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, reduced activity of enzymatic antioxidants, depletion of intercellular glutathione (GSH), decreased productivity of GSH-dependent antioxidants, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of leukocytes and proinflammatory cytokines, and increased expression of ROS producing-related enzymes and inflammatory mediators are the major events in which SM leads to massive production of ROS and OS in pulmonary system. Therefore, understanding of these molecules and signaling pathways gives us valuable information about toxicological effects of SM on injured tissues and the way for developing a suitable clinical treatment. In this review, we aim to discuss the possible mechanisms by which SM induces excessive production of ROS, OS, and antioxidants depletion in lung tissue of exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center , System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , 19945-581 Tehran , Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hojat Borna
- Chemical Injuries Research Center , System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , 19945-581 Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Imamy
- Chemical Injuries Research Center , System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , 19945-581 Tehran , Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center , System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , 19945-581 Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center , System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , 19945-581 Tehran , Iran
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Tahmasbpour E, Ghanei M, Khor A, Panahi Y. Altered expression of cyclooxygenase-2, 12-lipoxygenase, inducible nitric oxide synthase-2 and surfactant protein D in lungs of patients with pulmonary injury caused by sulfur mustard. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 29536762 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1442474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sulfur mustard (SM) is a strong alkylating toxicant that targets different organs, particularly human lung tissue. Change in genes expression is one of the molecular mechanisms of SM toxicity in damaged tissue. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation is to characterize the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS2), and surfactant protein D (SFTPD) in lungs of patients who exposed to SM. METHODS Lung biopsies were provided from SM-exposed patients (n = 6) and controls (n = 5). Total RNA were extracted from all specimens and then cDNA was synthesized for each sample. Changes in gene expression were measured using RT2 Profiler ™PCR Array. RESULTS Pulmonary function tests revealed more obstructive and restrictive spirometric patterns among patients compared to the control group. Expression of COX-2 and 12-LO in the lung of patients was increased by 6.2555 (p = 0.004) and 6.2379-folds (p = 0.002), respectively. In contrast, expression of SF-D and iNOS genes was reduced by 8.5869-fold (p = 0.005) and 2.4466-folds (p = 0.011), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mustard lungs were associated with overexpression of COX-2 and 12-LO, which are responsible for inflammation, overproduction of free radicals and oxidative stress. Downregulation of iNOS2 and SF-D are probably the reason for lung disease and dysfunction among these patients. Therefore, the expression of these genes could be an important, routine part of the management of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisa Tahmasbpour
- a Chemical Injuries Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- a Chemical Injuries Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Khor
- a Chemical Injuries Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- a Chemical Injuries Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Neglected role of hydrogen sulfide in sulfur mustard poisoning: Keap1 S-sulfhydration and subsequent Nrf2 pathway activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9433. [PMID: 28842592 PMCID: PMC5572733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent and a terrorism choice that targets various organs and tissues, especially lung tissues. Its toxic effects are tightly associated with oxidative stress. The signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects the lungs against oxidative stress and activates the NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Here, we sought to establish whether endogenous H2S plays a role in SM induced lesion in mouse lungs and lung cells and whether endogenous H2S plays the role through Nrf2 pathway to protect against SM-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, we also explored whether activation of Nrf2 by H2S involves sulfhydration of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1). Using a mouse model of SM-induced lung injury, we demonstrated that SM-induced attenuation of the sulfide concentration was prevented by NaHS. Concomitantly, NaHS attenuates SM-induced oxidative stress. We also found that H2S enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and stimulated expression of Nrf2-targeted downstream protein and mRNA levels. Incubation of the lung cells with NaHS decreased SM-induced ROS production. Furthermore, we also found that H2S S-sulfhydrated Keap1, which induced Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1, and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Our data indicate that H2S is a critical, however, being long neglected signal molecule in SM-induced lung injury.
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Heydari J, Jafari M, Khazaie S, Goosheh H, Ghanei M, Karbasi A. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Severity of Obstructive Pulmonary Complications in Sputum of Sulfur Mustard-Injured Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/arakmu.11.5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Panahi Y, Rajaee SM, Sahebkar A. Ocular Effects of Sulfur Mustard and Therapeutic Approaches. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3549-3560. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Seyyed Mahdi Rajaee
- Chemical Injuries Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Pohanka M, Martinkova P, Brtnicky M, Kynicky J. Changes in the oxidative stress/anti-oxidant system after exposure to sulfur mustard and antioxidant strategies in the therapy, a review. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:408-416. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1320695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Martinkova
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jindrich Kynicky
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Weinberger B, Malaviya R, Sunil VR, Venosa A, Heck DE, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Mustard vesicant-induced lung injury: Advances in therapy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:1-11. [PMID: 27212445 PMCID: PMC5119915 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Most mortality and morbidity following exposure to vesicants such as sulfur mustard is due to pulmonary toxicity. Acute injury is characterized by epithelial detachment and necrosis in the pharynx, trachea and bronchioles, while long-term consequences include fibrosis and, in some instances, cancer. Current therapies to treat mustard poisoning are primarily palliative and do not target underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. New knowledge about vesicant-induced pulmonary disease pathogenesis has led to the identification of potentially efficacious strategies to reduce injury by targeting inflammatory cells and mediators including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, proteases and proinflammatory/cytotoxic cytokines. Therapeutics under investigation include corticosteroids, N-acetyl cysteine, which has both mucolytic and antioxidant properties, inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, liposomes containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and/or tocopherols, protease inhibitors, and cytokine antagonists such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibody and pentoxifylline. Antifibrotic and fibrinolytic treatments may also prove beneficial in ameliorating airway obstruction and lung remodeling. More speculative approaches include inhibitors of transient receptor potential channels, which regulate pulmonary epithelial cell membrane permeability, non-coding RNAs and mesenchymal stem cells. As mustards represent high priority chemical threat agents, identification of effective therapeutics for mitigating toxicity is highly significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Weinberger
- Division of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
| | - Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Vasanthi R Sunil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Diane E Heck
- Department of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, School of Public Health, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Tahmasbpour E, Ghanei M, Qazvini A, Vahedi E, Panahi Y. Gene expression profile of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in lung tissue of patients exposed to sulfur mustard. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 800-801:12-21. [PMID: 27085470 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent alkylating agent that targets several organs, especially lung tissue. Although pathological effects of SM on mustard lung have been widely considered, molecular and cellular mechanisms for these pathologies are poorly understood. We investigated changes in expression of genes related to oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidant defense caused by SM in lung tissue of patients. We performed gene expression profiling of OS and antioxidant defense in lung tissue samples from healthy controls (n=5) and SM-exposed patients (n=6). Changes in gene expression were measured using a 96-well RT(2) Profiler ™PCR Array: Human Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense, which arrayed 84 genes functionally involved in cellular OS response. 47 (55.95%) genes were found to be significantly upregulated in patients with mustard lung compared with controls (p<0.05), whereas 7 (8.33%) genes were significantly downregulated (p<0.05). Among the most upregulated genes were OS responsive-1 (OXSR1), forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), and glutathione peroxidase-2 (GPX2), while metallothionein-3 (MT3) and glutathione reductase (GSR) were the most downregulated genes. Expression of hypoxia-induced genes (CYGB and MB), antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing genes were significantly altered, suggesting an increased oxidative damage in mustard lungs. Mustard lungs were characterized by hypoxia, massive production of ROS, OS, disruption of epithelial cells, surfactant dysfunction, as well as increased risk of lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis. Oxidative stress induced by ROS is the major mechanism for direct effect of SM exposure on respiratory system. Antioxidant treatment may improve the main features of mustard lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Qazvini
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Vahedi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Marzony ET, Ghanei M, Panahi Y. Relationship of oxidative stress with male infertility in sulfur mustard-exposed injuries. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Tahmasbpour E, Reza Emami S, Ghanei M, Panahi Y. Role of oxidative stress in sulfur mustard-induced pulmonary injury and antioxidant protection. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:659-72. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Saeedi P, Salimian J, Ahmadi A, Imani Fooladi AA. The transient but not resident (TBNR) microbiome: a Yin Yang model for lung immune system. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:451-61. [PMID: 26307905 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1070220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of microbial content of the lung is still controversial. What make this more complicated are controversial results obtaining from different methodologies about lung microbiome and the definition of "lung sterility". Lungs may have very low bacteria but are not completely germ-free. Bacteria are constantly entering from the upper respiratory tract, but are then quickly being cleared. We can find bacterial DNA in the lungs, but it is much harder to ask about living bacteria. Here, we propose that if there is any trafficking of the microorganisms in the lung, it should be a "Transient But Not Resident (TBNR)" model. So, we speculate a "Yin Yang model" for the lung immune system and TBNR. Despite beneficial roles of microbiome on the development of lung immune system, any disruption and alteration in the microbiota composition of upper and lower airways may trigger or lead to several diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mustard lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jafar Salimian
- b Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- a Applied Microbiology Research Center and
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Shohrati M, Karimzadeh I, Saburi A, Khalili H, Ghanei M. The role ofN-acetylcysteine in the management of acute and chronic pulmonary complications of sulfur mustard: a literature review. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:507-23. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.920439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Shahriary A, Mehrani H, Ghanei M, Parvin S. Comparative proteome analysis of peripheral neutrophils from sulfur mustard-exposed and COPD patients. J Immunotoxicol 2014; 12:132-9. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.914110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Keyser BM, Andres DK, Holmes WW, Paradiso D, Appell A, Letukas VA, Benton B, Clark OE, Gao X, Ray P, Anderson DR, Ray R. Mustard Gas Inhalation Injury. Int J Toxicol 2014; 33:271-281. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581814532959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mustard gas (sulfur mustard [SM], bis-[2-chloroethyl] sulfide) is a vesicating chemical warfare agent and a potential chemical terrorism agent. Exposure of SM causes debilitating skin blisters (vesication) and injury to the eyes and the respiratory tract; of these, the respiratory injury, if severe, may even be fatal. Therefore, developing an effective therapeutic strategy to protect against SM-induced respiratory injury is an urgent priority of not only the US military but also the civilian antiterrorism agencies, for example, the Homeland Security. Toward developing a respiratory medical countermeasure for SM, four different classes of therapeutic compounds have been evaluated in the past: anti-inflammatory compounds, antioxidants, protease inhibitors and antiapoptotic compounds. This review examines all of these different options; however, it suggests that preventing cell death by inhibiting apoptosis seems to be a compelling strategy but possibly dependent on adjunct therapies using the other drugs, that is, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protease inhibitor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Keyser
- Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Devon K. Andres
- Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Wesley W. Holmes
- Analytical Toxicology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Paradiso
- Analytical Toxicology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Appell
- Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Valerie A. Letukas
- Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Betty Benton
- Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Offie E. Clark
- Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Xiugong Gao
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Prabhati Ray
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dana R. Anderson
- Analytical Toxicology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Radharaman Ray
- Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
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Ghobadi H, Lari SM, Pourfarzi F, Mahmoudpour A, Ghanei M. The effects of atorvastatin on mustard-gas-exposed patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 19:99-105. [PMID: 24778661 PMCID: PMC3999614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Statins have anti-inflammatory effects in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study designed to evaluate the effects of atorvastatin on serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and pulmonary function in sulfur mustard exposed patients with COPD. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to sulfur mustard and high serum hs-CRP entered in this study. Participants were randomized to receive 40 mg atorvastatin or placebo in a double-blind clinical trial. Forty-five patients completed the study (n = 23 atorvastatin and n = 22 placebo). Pulse oximetry (SpO2), pulmonary function test (PFT), and 6 min walk distance test (6MWD) was measured. COPD assessment test (CAT) and St. George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) were also completed by patients at the beginning of trial and after 9 weeks of prescription of 40 mg/day atorvastatin or placebo. At fourth week, SpO2, PFT, and 6MWD were again measured. After 9 weeks serum hs-CRP was re-measured. Results: There was no significant difference between atorvastatin and the placebo group in SpO2, FEV1, and 6MWD after fourth week (P = 0.79, P = 0.12, P = 0.12, respectively). The difference between baseline and ninth week was calculated for two groups of trial and control in term of serum hs-CRP, SpO2, FEV1, and 6MWD. Significant improvement was not observed between two groups in above mentioned variables (P = 0.35, P = 0.28, P = 0.94, P = 0.43, respectively). However, the quality of life was improved by administration of atorvastatin using the CAT score (P < 0.001) and SGRQ total score (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Atorvastatin does not alter serum hs-CRP and lung functions but may improve quality of life in SM-injured patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ghobadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shahrzad M Lari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Afsoun Mahmoudpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, Bagiyatollah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Golmanesh L, Bahrami F, Pourali F, Vahedi E, Wahhabaghai H, Mehrani H, Ghanei M. Assessing the relationship of paraoxonase-1 Q192R polymorphisms and the severity of lung disease in SM-exposed patients. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:419-25. [PMID: 23672526 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.797993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Late respiratory complications in patients suffering from pulmonary lesions due to sulfur mustard (SM) gas are asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis. Recently PON1 antioxidant activity draws attention as the enzyme which prevents the oxidation of lipoproteins during oxidative stress. In this study we aimed to investigate PON1 192 polymorphisms and paraoxonase and arylesterase activity in the serum of SM-exposed lung disease patients. Also, we examined the detection of PON1 and apoA1 proteins in BAL fluid. 101 male patients were included who were categorized to three groups of mild, moderate and severe suffering from pulmonary lesions due to SM. Significant reduction in paraoxonase activity [Healthy: 412.46 ± 89.1 U/L, Severe: 89.66 ± 20.7 U/L] (p < 0.0001) and arylesterase activity [Healthy: 25826.4 ± 4425.23 U/L, Severe: 16760.43 ± 3814.9 U/L] (p < 0.0001) with increase in severity of disease was demonstrated statistically. With respect to the distribution of the PON1 polymorphism, the RR genotype was more frequent in severe patients [37.2%] than healthy group [10%] (p < 0.05) and no significant regression was found between genotype and PON1 activity. On the other hand, the results of PON1 and apoA1 detection illustrated that only apoA1 protein was found in BAL fluid. According to our findings it seems that increase in the stress oxidative in chemical injured veterans with pulmonary complications comes with reduction in PON1 enzyme activity and appearance of RR genotype rises up with the increase in disease severity. Since a significant correlation between enzyme activity and genotype was not observed altering these two variables with each other requires more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Golmanesh
- Chemical Injury Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ghasemi H, Owlia P, Jalali-Nadoushan MR, Pourfarzam S, Azimi G, Yarmohammadi ME, Shams J, Fallahi F, Moaiedmohseni S, Moin A, Yaraee R, Vaez-Mahdavi MR, Faghihzadeh S, Mohammad Hassan Z, Soroush MR, Naghizadeh MM, Ardestani SK, Ghazanfari T. A clinicopathological approach to sulfur mustard-induced organ complications: a major review. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2013; 32:304-24. [PMID: 23590683 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2013.781615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sulfur mustard (SM), with an old manufacturing history still remains as potential threat due to easy production and extensive effects. OBJECTIVES Increasing studies on SM indicates the interest of researchers to this subject. Almost all human body organs are at risk for complications of SM. This study offers organ-by-organ information on the effects of SM in animals and humans. METHODS The data sources were literature reviews since 1919 as well as our studies during the Iraq-Iran war. The search items were SM and its all other nomenclatures in relation to, in vivo, in vitro, humans, animals, eye, ocular, ophthalmic, lungs, pulmonary, skin, cutaneous, organs and systemic. Amongst more than 1890 SM-related articles, 257 more relevant clinicopathologic papers were selected for this review. RESULTS SM induces a vast range of damages in nearly all organs. Acute SM intoxication warrants immediate approach. Among chronic lesions, delayed keratitis and blindness, bronchiolitis obliterans and respiratory distress, skin pruritus, dryness and cancers are the most commonly observed clinical sequelae. CONCLUSION Ocular involvements in a number of patients progress toward a severe, rapid onset form of keratitis. Progressive deterioration of respiratory tract leads to "mustard lung". Skin problems continue as chronic frustrating pruritus on old scars with susceptibility to skin cancers. Due to the multiple acute and chronic morbidities created by SM exposure, uses of multiple drugs by several routes of administrations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ghasemi
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Yarmohammadi ME, Hassan ZM, Mostafaie A, Ebtekar M, Yaraee R, Pourfarzam S, Jalali-Nadoushan M, Faghihzadeh S, Vaez-Mahdavi MR, Soroush MR, Khamesipour A, Faghihzadeh E, Sharifnia Z, Naghizadeh MM, Ghazanfari T. Salivary levels of secretary IgA, C5a and alpha 1-antitrypsin in sulfur mustard exposed patients 20 years after the exposure, Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study (SICS). Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:952-7. [PMID: 23375936 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a strong toxic agent that causes acute and chronic health effects on a myriad of organs following exposure. Although the primary targets of inhaled mustard gas are the epithelia of the upper respiratory tract, the lower respiratory tract is the focus of the current study, and upper tract complications remain obscure. To our knowledge there is no study addressing the secretory IgA (S-IgA), C5a, alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT) in the saliva of SM-exposed victims. In this study, as many as 500 volunteers, including 372 SM-exposed cases and 128 control volunteers were recruited. A 3 ml sample of saliva was collected from each volunteer, and the level of secretory IgA, C5a, and alpha 1 antitrypsin in the samples were compared between the two groups. The SM-exposed group showed a significantly higher amount of salivary alpha 1 antitrypsin and secretary IgA compared to the control group (p<.006 and p<.018 respectively). The two groups showed no significant difference (p=0.192) in the level of C5a. The results also showed that the level of salivary A1AT is more than that of IgA in severely injured cases. The findings presented here provide valuable insight for both researchers and practitioners dealing with victims of the chemical warfare agent, sulfur mustard. This research indicates that certain branches of the inflammatory processes mandate serious attention in therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahim Yarmohammadi
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Otolaryngology, Shahed University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Saber H, Saburi A, Ghanei M. Clinical and paraclinical guidelines for management of sulfur mustard induced bronchiolitis obliterans; from bench to bedside. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 24:900-6. [PMID: 23121299 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.725783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Saber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Amin Saburi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Jafari M, Salehi M, Asgari A, Ahmadi S, Abbasnezhad M, Hajihoosani R, Hajigholamali M. Effects of paraoxon on serum biochemical parameters and oxidative stress induction in various tissues of Wistar and Norway rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:876-887. [PMID: 23021855 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of different doses of paroxon (POX), an active metabolite of the organophosphate pesticide parathion, on some serum biochemical parameters and induction of oxidative stress in various tissues of female Wistar and Norway rats. The rats were intraperitoneally treated with 0.3, 0.7, 1 and 1.5 mg/kg of POX. The parameters were evaluated after 24h. The results showed that the decreased glutathione level and catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in tissues of Wistar rat were higher than Norway rat at higher doses of POX. At these concentrations, POX increased superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde level and some serum biochemical indices. In conclusion, POX induces the production of free radicals and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Induction of oxidative stress in POX-treated rats is in the order of brain > liver > heart > kidney>spleen. Wistar rat is found to be more sensitive to the toxicity of POX compared to Norway rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash Jafari
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pohanka M, Stetina R, Svobodova H, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Jilkova M, Sochor J, Sobotka J, Adam V, Kizek R. Sulfur mustard causes oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidants in muscles, livers, and kidneys of Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 36:270-6. [PMID: 22947058 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2012.710629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent with cytotoxic effect and a tight link to oxidative stress (OS). Depletion of antioxidants is considered as a cause of detrimental consequence and belongs to the important steps leading to cell death. The oxidative injury appearing after SM exposure is not well understood. Nevertheless, identification of the pathological processes would be a good opportunity to establish an efficient therapy. Here, we focused our effort on an estimation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis and apoptotic processes in Wistar rats exposed to 0-160 mg/kg of SM. We assayed antioxidant activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione, metallothionein, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, caspase 3, and glucose in the livers, kidneys, and muscles of the animals. Significant OS, depletion of low-molecular-mass antioxidants, increase in caspase activity, and some other processes related to SM action were determined. Moreover, we infer a principal role of OS in the tested organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Jafari M, Salehi M, Ahmadi S, Asgari A, Abasnezhad M, Hajigholamali M. The role of oxidative stress in diazinon-induced tissues toxicity in Wistar and Norway rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:638-47. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.716090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Taravati A, Ardestani SK, Soroush MR, Faghihzadeh S, Ghazanfari T, Jalilvand F, Naghizadeh MM, Fallahi F. Serum albumin and paraoxonase activity in Iranian veterans 20 years after sulfur mustard exposure. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:706-13. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.638306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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40
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Improvement of sulphur mustard-induced chronic pruritus, quality of life and antioxidant status by curcumin: results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:1272-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Skin is among the first and most heavily damaged organs upon sulphur mustard (SM) exposure. Pruritus is the most common chronic skin complication of SM, which adversely affects the quality of life (QoL). However, current therapies for the management of SM-induced pruritus are very limited and associated with side effects. The present trial investigated the efficacy of curcumin in the alleviation of SM-induced chronic pruritic symptoms. A total of ninety-six male Iranian veterans (age 37–59 years) were randomised to receive either curcumin (1 g/d, n 46) or placebo (n 50) for 4 weeks. Serum concentrations of substance P and activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured at baseline and at the end of the trial. Assessment of pruritus severity was performed using the pruritus score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index. QoL was evaluated using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. Serum concentrations of substance P (P < 0·001) as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (P = 0·02), glutathione peroxidase (P = 0·006) and catalase (P < 0·001) were significantly reduced in the curcumin group, while no significant change was observed in the placebo group. Curcumin supplementation was also associated with significant reductions in measures of pruritus severity including the pruritus score (P < 0·001), VAS score (P < 0·001), overall (P < 0·001) and objective SCORAD (P = 0·009), and DLQI's first question (P < 0·001). None of these measures was significantly changed in the placebo group. As for the QoL, although DLQI scores decreased in both groups (P < 0·001 and P = 0·003 in the curcumin and placebo groups, respectively), the magnitude of reduction was significantly greater in the curcumin group (P < 0·001). In conclusion, curcumin may be regarded as a natural, safe, widely available and inexpensive treatment for the management of SM-induced chronic pruritus.
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Antioxidant encapsulated porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for developing long acting inhalation system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:419-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The Role of Fas-FasL Signaling Pathway in Induction of Apoptosis in Patients with Sulfur Mustard-Induced Chronic Bronchiolitis. J Toxicol 2011; 2010:373612. [PMID: 21317984 PMCID: PMC3026972 DOI: 10.1155/2010/373612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is an alkylating agent that induces apoptosis and necrosis in cells. Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) interaction could induce apoptosis as well. In this study, it was hypothesized that apoptosis might play an important role in the pathogenesis of SM-induced lung injury via Fas-FasL signaling pathway. In a case-control study, Fas and FasL levels, caspase-3 activity and percent of apoptotic cells were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients 20 years after exposure to sulfur mustard and compared with the control group.
Results show that Fas and FasL levels were significantly higher in BAL fluid cells in patients group compared with the control (P = .001). No significant differences were observed between mild and moderate-severe groups. BAL fluid cells caspase-3 activity was not significantly different among the mild, moderate-severe, and control groups. The data suggest that Fas-FasL-induced apoptosis was impaired in BAL fluid cells of SM-exposed patients which might be one of the initiators of pathogenesis in SM-induced lung injury in these patients.
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Pohanka M, Sobotka J, Stetina R. Sulfur mustard induced oxidative stress and its alteration by epigallocatechin gallate. Toxicol Lett 2010; 201:105-9. [PMID: 21172412 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide; CAS: 505-60-2; abbreviated as HD) is a chemical warfare agent with not well understood mechanism of toxic effect. Deprivation of energy in cells and arising of oxidative stress appears during the exposure. Our experiment is based on investigation of 10mg or 20mg epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) dose prophylactic effect (1h before HD) in rats exposed to either 20mg or 80 mg of HD. Blood mass, plasma and liver were sampled. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reduced glutathione, thiobarbuturic acid reactive substances (TBARSs), glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and caspase 3 were assessed. Animals were sacrificed one day after exposure. We found significant deprivation of low molecular weight antioxidants due to EGCG but not due to HD. However, HD depleted reduced glutathione. EGCG has no effect to influence TBARS level. EGCG and HD up-regulated glutathione reductase and EGCG down regulated glutathione S-transferase in liver tissue. Regarding caspase, EGCG had anti apoptotic potency. We discuss potency to use EGCG to ameliorate redox balance after HD exposure. The data also appoints at difficulty in antioxidant therapy as prophylaxis to the oxidative stress related toxins exposure and ambivalent modulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Attaran D, Lari SM, Towhidi M, Marallu HG, Ayatollahi H, Khajehdaluee M, Ghanei M, Basiri R. Interleukin-6 and airflow limitation in chemical warfare patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2010; 5:335-40. [PMID: 21037957 PMCID: PMC2962299 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main late complications of sulfur mustard poisoning. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 in war veterans with pulmonary complications of sulfur mustard poisoning and their correlation with severity of airways disease. METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with sulfur mustard poisoning and stable COPD, and of mean age 46.3 ± 9.18 years were enrolled in this study. Thirty healthy men were selected as controls and matched to cases by age and body mass index. Spirometry, arterial blood gas, six- minute walk test, BODE (body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity), and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire about quality of life were evaluated. Serum IL-6 was measured in both patient and control groups. RESULTS Fifty-four percent of patients had moderate COPD. Mean serum IL-6 levels were 15.01 ± standard deviation (SD) 0.61 pg/dL and 4.59 ± 3.40 pg/dL in the case and control groups, respectively (P = 0.03). There was a significant correlation between IL-6 levels and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage (r = 0.25, P = 0.04) and between IL-6 and BODE index (r = 0.38, P = 0.01). There was also a significant negative correlation between serum IL-6 and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1), r = -0.36, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that serum IL-6 is increased in patients with sulfur mustard poisoning and COPD, and may have a direct association with airflow limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Attaran
- Lung Disease and Tuberculosis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science
| | - Shahrzad M Lari
- Lung Disease and Tuberculosis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science
| | - Mohammad Towhidi
- Lung Disease and Tuberculosis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science
| | | | - Hossein Ayatollahi
- Lung Disease and Tuberculosis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science
| | - Mohammad Khajehdaluee
- Lung Disease and Tuberculosis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Research Center of Chemical Injuries, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Basiri
- Lung Disease and Tuberculosis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science
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