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Khadim A, Yaseen Jeelani SU, Khan MN, Kumari S, Raza A, Ali A, Zareena B, Zaki Shah SM, Musharraf SG. Targeted Analysis of Veterinary Drugs in Food Samples by Developing a High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectral Library. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12839-12848. [PMID: 37528805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary drug residues present in foods can pose severe health threats to the population. The present study aims to develop a high-resolution mass spectral library of 158 veterinary drugs of 16 different classes for their rapid identification in food samples through liquid chromatography-high-resolution electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI-MS/MS). Standard drugs were pooled according to their log P values and exact masses before analysis. Spectra were collected at system automated collision energy, i.e., of 25-60 eV and four predetermined collision energies (10, 20, 30, and 40 eV) for each compound using a schedule precursor list of [M + H]+, [M + Na]+, and [M + NH4]+ ions. The utility of the developed database was checked by analyzing food samples. A total of 17 veterinary drugs based on the reference standard retention times (RTs), HR-MS spectra, and MS/MS spectra were identified in the analyzed samples. Moreover, five veterinary drugs were selected for quantitative analysis, including doxycycline hyclate, lincomycin, sulfasalazine, moxifloxacin, and diphenoxylate, using liquid chromatography-ion trap mass-spectrometry (LC-IT-MS). Concentrations of the drug were obtained to vary from 0.0805 to 0.9731 mg/kg in food samples and were found to be exceeded in most of the cases as per the maximum residue levels described by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO). The MS data were submitted to the MetaboLights online database (MTBLS2914). This study will help in the high-throughput screening of multiclass veterinary drugs in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeba Khadim
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Usama Yaseen Jeelani
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Noman Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sindhia Kumari
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bibi Zareena
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Zaki Shah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- T.C.M Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Marando CM, Neeson C, Solá-Del Valle D. Intracameral Antibiotics and Glaucoma Surgery. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2022; 62:125-143. [PMID: 35325915 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shorstein NH, Liu L, Carolan JA, Herrinton L. Endophthalmitis Prophylaxis Failures in Patients Injected With Intracameral Antibiotic During Cataract Surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 227:166-172. [PMID: 33571472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the association of cefuroxime and moxifloxacin in relation to the occurrence of endophthalmitis following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. DESIGN Retrospective clinical cohort study. METHODS We studied patients with noncomplex phacoemulsification cataract surgery in Kaiser Permanente Northern California during 2014-2019. Data were obtained for acute, postoperative endophthalmitis within 90 days of phacoemulsification, including culture and antibiogram results, intracameral and topical antibiotic agent, and dose. In a post hoc analysis, we also examined preoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) and postoperative anterior chamber volume (ACV). RESULTS Of 216,141 surgeries, endophthalmitis occurred in 0.020% of moxifloxacin-injected eyes and 0.013% of cefuroxime eyes (relative risk 1.62 with 95% CI 0.82-3.20, P = .16). Of the 34 (0.016%) cases of endophthalmitis, cefuroxime 1 mg was injected into 13 eyes and moxifloxacin 0.1% into 21 eyes. Organisms with antibiograms were identified in 12 (35%) cases. Of these, bacteria recovered from cefuroxime-injected eyes were resistant to cefuroxime in all cases (4/4), with Enterococcus comprising half of these. In eyes injected with moxifloxacin 0.1%, 6 out of 7 organisms were sensitive to moxifloxacin injected with 0.1 mL and in 1 eye injected with 1 mL. Streptococcus was the most common organism recovered (6/9) in moxifloxacin-injected eyes. Preoperative ACD and postoperative calculated ACV were higher in eyes injected with moxifloxacin. CONCLUSIONS Endophthalmitis cases with positive cultures were generally related to organism resistance in cefuroxime eyes but to sensitive organisms in moxifloxacin eyes. Moxifloxacin doses may have been insufficient in eyes with larger ACV.
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Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome with Intracameral Moxifloxacin: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2021; 2021:5526097. [PMID: 33747588 PMCID: PMC7943300 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5526097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of severe anterior segment toxicity secondary to high-volume, undiluted intracameral moxifloxacin for endophthalmitis prophylaxis is reported. We examine the other reported cases of toxicity after intracameral moxifloxacin, as well as iris depigmentation and transillumination syndromes after oral and topical fluoroquinolone exposure. Additionally, we review the literature on safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosing of intracameral antibiotics with a focus on moxifloxacin.
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Evaluation of moxifloxacin-induced cytotoxicity on human corneal endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6250. [PMID: 33737688 PMCID: PMC7973544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MXF) is widely used for the prevention of bacterial endophthalmitis after intraocular surgeries. However, the safety issue of intracameral injection of MXF for human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) is still debatable. In this study, we investigated concentration-dependent cytotoxicity (0.05–1 mg/ml) of MXF for immortalized HCECs (B4G12 cell) and the underlying mechanism. Reactive oxygen generation (ROS) and cell viability after MXF exposure was measured. Flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptotic HCECs after MXF exposure. Ultrastructure of damaged HCECs by MXF was imaged by transmission electron microscope. Western blot analysis and caspase 2, 3 and 8 analysis were used to reveal the underlying mechanism of MXF induced damage in HCECs. We found that MXF induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HCECs. MXF exposure increased ROS generation and induced autophagy in HCECs. Increased LDH release represented the cellular membrane damage by MXF. In addition, caspases activation, Bax/Bcl-xL-dependent apoptosis pathway and apoptosis inducing factor nuclear translocation were all involved in MXF induced HCECs’ damage, especially after exposure to high dose of MXF (0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml). These findings suggest that MXF toxicity on HCECs should be thoroughly considered by ophthalmologists when intracameral injection of MXF is planned.
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Toxicities of and inflammatory responses to moxifloxacin, cefuroxime, and vancomycin on retinal vascular cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9745. [PMID: 31278356 PMCID: PMC6611880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic intracameral injection of antibiotics is commonly used to prevent endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. However, devastating visual complications have been reported including hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis (HORV).To determine the toxic and inflammatory effects of moxifloxacin, cefuroxime, and vancomycin on human retinal vascular cells, human retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVEC) and pericytes were exposed to three antibiotics, and the adverse effects were assessed by membrane damage, loss of intrinsic esterase activity, kinetic cell viability, and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Their retinal toxicity was examined by live/dead assays after an intravitreal injection of the three antibiotics into mice eyes. In vascular cells in culture, membrane damage and loss of esterase activity were induced after exposure to the three antibiotics. The toxic effects were most obvious after moxifloxacin (RVEC, ≥125 μg/mL; pericytes, ≥1000 μg/mL) at 24 h. Cefuroxime also reduced esterase activity and the membrane integrity of vascular cells but were less toxic than moxifloxacin. Kinetic cell viability testing showed that 500 μg/mL of moxifloxacin exposure induced significant decrease (29%) in the viability as early as 1 h. When the inflammatory effects of the antibiotics were examined, a significant induction of IL-8 was observed especially by RVECs after exposure to cefuroxime or vancomycin which was exacerbated by L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (Tri-DAP), a NOD1 ligand. Intravitreal injections in mice showed that cefuroxime and vancomycin caused retinal and vascular toxicity extending to the inner nuclear layers. Collectively, moxifloxacin causes immediate damage to retinal vascular cells in vitro, while cefuroxime and vancomycin induced significant inflammatory effects on vascular endothelial cells and caused retinal toxicity. Surgeons need to be cautious of the toxicity when antibiotics are used prophylactically especially by intravitreal administration.
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Bowen RC, Zhou AX, Bondalapati S, Lawyer TW, Snow KB, Evans PR, Bardsley T, McFarland M, Kliethermes M, Shi D, Mamalis CA, Greene T, Rudnisky CJ, Ambati BK. Comparative analysis of the safety and efficacy of intracameral cefuroxime, moxifloxacin and vancomycin at the end of cataract surgery: a meta-analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102:1268-1276. [PMID: 29326317 PMCID: PMC6041193 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current practice methods are unclear as to the most safe and effective prophylactic pharmacotherapy and method of delivery to reduce postoperative endophthalmitis occurrence. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis using Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines was performed to compare the efficacy of intracameral cefuroxime, moxifloxacin and vancomycin in preventing postphacoemulsification cataract surgery endophthalmitis. A safety analysis of intracameral antibiotics was concurrently performed. DATA SOURCES BIOSIS Previews, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, Dissertations & Theses, EMBASE, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus were searched from inception to January 2017. Data were pooled using a random effects model. All articles were individually reviewed and data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Funnel plot, risk of bias and quality of evidence analyses were performed. RESULTS Seventeen studies with over 900 000 eyes were included, which favoured the use of intracameral antibiotics at the end of cataract surgery (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.32; P<0.00001). The average weighted postoperative endophthalmitis incidence rates with intracameral cefuroxime, moxifloxacin and vancomycin were 0.0332%, 0.0153% and 0.0106%, respectively. Secondary analyses showed no difference in efficacy between intracameral plus topical antibiotics versus intracameral alone (P>0.3). Most studies had low to moderate risk of bias. The safety analysis showed minimal toxicity for moxifloxacin. Dosing errors led to the majority of toxicities with cefuroxime. Although rare, vancomycin was associated with toxic retinal events. CONCLUSION Intracameral cefuroxime and moxifloxacin reduced endophthalmitis rates compared with controls with minimal or no toxicity events at standard doses. Additionally, intracameral antibiotics alone may be as effective as intracameral plus topical antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy C Bowen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew Xingyu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Thomas W Lawyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karisa B Snow
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Patrick R Evans
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tyler Bardsley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mary McFarland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Dallas Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Tom Greene
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Akal A, Ulas T, Goncu T, Guldur ME, Kocarslan S, Taskin A, Sezen H, Ozkan K, Yilmaz OF, Buyukhatipoglu H. Evaluating the safety of intracameral bevacizumab application using oxidative stress and apoptotic parameters in corneal tissue. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:697-702. [PMID: 26309865 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.04.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the possible effects of intracameral bevacizumab on oxidative stress parameters and apoptosis in corneal tissue. METHODS In total, 30 rats were assigned randomly into the following three groups of 10 rats each: a sham group (Group 1; n=10), a control group [Group 2; balanced salt solution (BSS) was administered at 0.01 mL; n=10], and a treatment group (Group 3; bevacizumab was administered at 0.25 mg/0.01 mL; n=10). The total antioxidant status (TAS) and the total oxidant status (TOS) in the corneal tissue and blood samples were measured, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Additionally, corneal tissue histopathology was evaluated for caspase-3 and -8 staining and apoptotic activity. RESULTS In the blood samples, the TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were not significantly different (all P>0.05). Compared with the sham and control groups, the TOS and OSI levels in the corneal tissues were significantly different in the bevacizumab group (all P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between the sham and control groups (all P>0.05). However, compared with the sham and control groups, greater immunohistochemical staining for caspases-3 and -8 and an elevated level of apoptotic activity were observed in the bevacizumab group. CONCLUSION This study revealed that intracameral bevacizumab injections seemed to be systemically safe but may have elicited local toxic effects in the corneal tissue, as indicated by the oxidative stress parameters and histopathological evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Turgay Ulas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Tugba Goncu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Emin Guldur
- Department of Pathology, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Sezen Kocarslan
- Department of Pathology, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Taskin
- Department of Biochemistry, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Hatice Sezen
- Department of Biochemistry, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Kudret Ozkan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Yilmaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Hakan Buyukhatipoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa 63300, Turkey
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