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Jafar MR, Nagesh DS. Literature review on assistive devices available for quadriplegic people: Indian context. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2021; 18:1-13. [PMID: 34176416 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2021.1938708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This literature review aims to find the current state of the art in self-help devices (SHD) available for people with quadriplegia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched original articles, technical and case studies, conference articles, and literature reviews published between 2014 to 2019 with the keywords ("Self-help devices" OR "Assistive Devices" OR "Assistive Product" OR "Assistive Technology") AND "Quadriplegia" in Science Direct, Pubmed, IEEE Xplore digital library and Web of Science. RESULTS Total 222 articles were found. After removing duplicates and screening these articles based on their title and abstracts 80 articles remained. After this, we reviewed the full text, and articles unrelated to SHD development or about the patients who require mechanical ventilation or where the upper limb is functional (C2 or above and T2 or below injuries) were discarded. After the exclusion of articles using the above-mentioned criterion 75 articles were used for further review. CONCLUSION The abandonment rate of SHD currently available in the literature is very high. The major requirement of the people was independence and improved quality of life. The situation in India is very bad as compared to the developed countries. The people with spinal cord injury in India are uneducated and very poor, with an average income of 3000 ₹ (41$). They require SHDs and training specially designed for them, keeping their needs in mind.Implications for rehabilitationPeople with quadriplegia are totally dependent on caregivers. Assistive devices not only help these people to do day-to-day tasks but also provides them self-confidence.Even though there are a lot of self-help devices currently available, still they are not able to fulfil the requirements of people with quadriplegia, hence there is a very high abandonment rate of such devices.This study provides an evidence that developing devices after understanding the functional and non-functional requirements of these subjects will decrease the abandonment rate and increase the effectiveness of the device.The results of this study can be used for planning and developing assistive devices which are more focussed on fulfilling the requirements of people with quadriplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rizwan Jafar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - D S Nagesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Noyek S, Vowles C, Batorowicz B, Davies C, Fayed N. Direct assessment of emotional well-being from children with severe motor and communication impairment: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2020; 17:501-514. [PMID: 32878502 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1810334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Explore methods used in peer-reviewed literature for obtaining self-expression of well-being information from children with severe motor and communication impairment (SMCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted on 22 August 2019 through academic databases: CINAHL; Embase; MEDLINE; PsycINFO; InSpec; Compendex. Search strategies were informed by keywords under the following areas: (1) population: children with SMCI, (2) assessment methods: alternative to natural speech, paper and pencil report or standardized keyboard use (e.g., eye gaze) and (3) target information: well-being (e.g., quality of life). Studies were excluded if they focused on individuals over 25-years old, exclusively autism or typically developing children. RESULTS Non-duplicate studies of 10,986 were screened; 49 studies met inclusion criteria. Most studies used high-tech methods of self-expression in a single context (n = 17). Familiar partners play a significant role in self-expression; 18 studies required a familiar partner for children with SMCI to self-express. Thirty-five studies involved children self-expressing to solely adults, in comparison to 14 studies which involved peers. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the advancement of high-tech communication devices restricted to application in single contexts. Familiar partner knowledge of children with SMCI has the potential to be shared with others (e.g., respite care providers), enhancing both caregiver and child well-being. Future research that would enhance the literature could explore the assessment of emotional well-being for application in various contexts using multimodal methods. Opportunities for children with SMCI to express their emotional well-being can further influence the understanding and enhancement of participation, social connections, and experiences.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONUse of lower tech methods of self-expression to obtain information directly from children with severe motor and communication impairment (SMCI) remain more feasible in home and school contexts.By utilizing familiar partners' experiences and knowledge of the child, respite care providers, novel support workers, and others involved in the lives of children with SMCI can become further informed.Current high-tech methods for obtaining the emotional expressions of children with SMCI may benefit from incorporating multimodal approaches including lower tech methods, to be feasibly applied in real world contexts where well-being takes place.Further research on this topic is imperative to enable children with SMCI to self-express their emotional well-being which can enhance participation, activities, social connections, and experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Noyek
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Caryn Vowles
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Beata Batorowicz
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Claire Davies
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Nora Fayed
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Orejuela-Zapata JF, Rodriguez S, Ramirez GL. Self-Help Devices for Quadriplegic Population: A Systematic Literature Review. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:692-701. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2901399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fleury A, Wu G, Chau T. A wearable fabric-based speech-generating device: system design and case demonstration. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2018; 14:434-444. [DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2018.1462860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fleury
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gloria Wu
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Koester HH, Arthanat S. Effect of diagnosis, body site and experience on text entry rate of individuals with physical disabilities: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2017; 13:312-322. [PMID: 28845735 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2017.1369588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study systematically reviewed the research on computer text entry by people with physical disabilities, and conducted a quantitative synthesis of text entry rates associated with individuals' diagnosis, body site used with the interface and their level of experience. METHOD We searched 10 databases and included studies in which: typing speed was reported; the access interface was available for public use; and individuals with physical impairments were in the study population. For quantitative synthesis, we used only the text entry rates (TER) reported for individuals with physical impairments; studies also had to report the sample size, and the average and standard deviation for the text entry rates. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies involving 248 subjects met the criteria for quantitative synthesis. Cerebral palsy was associated with significantly slower TER, at 5.5 wpm, than muscular dystrophy (12.5 wpm), spina bifida (10.4 wpm), SCI high cervical (10.1 wpm) and SCI low cervical (13.3 wpm). Among the 19 body sites represented, the Fingers bilateral category had the highest average, at 17.72 wpm. Head (2.92 wpm) and Hand (non-typing) (3.95 wpm) were each associated with significantly slower TER than Hands unspecified, Fingers bilateral, Hand with control enhancer, Voice and Mouth. The three levels of experience examined, LowPlus, Medium and High, provided very similar TER. CONCLUSION This study contributes external evidence for service providers who provide computer access interventions for individuals with disabilities. The analyzed text entry performances serve as benchmarks to be used as guidelines during interface selection and training. Implications for Rehabilitation The median text entry rate (TER) across the literature for individuals with physical disabilities is 7.0 wpm. TER is affected by a user's diagnosis and the body site used for typing. These TER data can serve as diagnostic norms and benchmarks to be used as guidelines during interface selection and training. We recommend that practitioners measure text entry rate with clients, to place their performance in the context of these results and provide a baseline against which to measure effectiveness of an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajay Arthanat
- b Department of Occupational Therapy , University of New Hampshire , Durham , NH , USA
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Schudlo LC, Chau T. Development and testing an online near-infrared spectroscopy brain-computer interface tailored to an individual with severe congenital motor impairments. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2017; 13:581-591. [PMID: 28758809 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2017.1357212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For non-verbal individuals, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a potential means of communication. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a brain-monitoring modality that has been considered for BCIs. To date, limited NIRS-BCI testing has involved online classification, particularly with individuals with severe motor impairments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested an online NIRS-BCI developed for a non-verbal individual with severe congenital motor impairments. The binary BCI differentiated categorical verbal fluency task (VFT) performance and rest using prefrontal measurements. The participant attended five sessions, the last two of which were online with classification feedback. RESULTS An online classification accuracy of 63.33% was achieved using a linear discriminant classifier trained on a four-dimensional feature set. An offline, cross-validation analysis of all data yielded an optimal adjusted classification accuracy of 66.6 ± 9.11%. Inconsistent functional responses, contradictory effects of feedback, participant fatigue and motion artefacts were identified as challenges to online classification specific to this participant. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest potential in using an NIRS-BCI controlled by the VFT in instances of severe congenital impairments. Further testing with users with severe disabilities is necessary. Implications for Rehabilitation Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can provide a non-motor based means of communication for individuals with severe motor impairments. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a haemodynamic-based brain-imaging modality used in BCIs. To date, NIRS-BCIs have not been thoroughly tested with potential target users. This case study shows that NIRS-BCIs may offer a means of practical communication for individuals with severe congenital impairments and continued exploration is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C Schudlo
- a Bloorview Research Institute , Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , Toronto , Canada.,b Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- a Bloorview Research Institute , Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , Toronto , Canada.,b Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Abou Zeid E, Rezazadeh Sereshkeh A, Schultz B, Chau T. A Ternary Brain-Computer Interface Based on Single-Trial Readiness Potentials of Self-initiated Fine Movements: A Diversified Classification Scheme. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:254. [PMID: 28596725 PMCID: PMC5443161 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the readiness potential (RP), a type of pre-movement neural activity, has been investigated for asynchronous electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Since the RP is attenuated for involuntary movements, a BCI driven by RP alone could facilitate intentional control amid a plethora of unintentional movements. Previous studies have mainly attempted binary single-trial classification of RP. An RP-based BCI with three or more states would expand the options for functional control. Here, we propose a ternary BCI based on single-trial RPs. This BCI classifies amongst an idle state, a left hand and a right hand self-initiated fine movement. A pipeline of spatio-temporal filtering with per participant parameter optimization was used for feature extraction. The ternary classification was decomposed into binary classifications using a decision-directed acyclic graph (DDAG). For each class pair in the DDAG structure, an ordered diversified classifier system (ODCS-DDAG) was used to select the best among various classification algorithms or to combine the results of different classification algorithms. Using EEG data from 14 participants performing self-initiated left or right key presses, punctuated with rest periods, we compared the performance of ODCS-DDAG to a ternary classifier and four popular multiclass decomposition methods using only a single classification algorithm. ODCS-DDAG had the highest performance (0.769 Cohen's Kappa score) and was significantly better than the ternary classifier and two of the four multiclass decomposition methods. Our work supports further study of RP-based BCI for intuitive asynchronous environmental control or augmentative communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Abou Zeid
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalToronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alborz Rezazadeh Sereshkeh
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalToronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Schultz
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalToronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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Koester HH, Arthanat S. Text entry rate of access interfaces used by people with physical disabilities: A systematic review. Assist Technol 2017; 30:151-163. [PMID: 28368689 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2017.1291544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed the research on assistive technology (AT) access interfaces used for text entry, and conducted a quantitative synthesis of text entry rates (TER) associated with common interfaces. We searched 10 databases and included studies in which: typing speed was reported in words per minute (WPM) or equivalent; the access interface was available for public use; and individuals with physical impairments were in the study population. For quantitative synthesis, we used only the TER reported for individuals with physical impairments. Studies also had to report the sample size, and the average and standard deviation for the TER data. Thirty-nine studies met the criteria for quantitative synthesis. Studies involved seven interface types: standard keyboard typing, on-screen keyboard (OSK) with cursor selection, OSK with scanning selection, automatic speech recognition (ASR), Morse code, brain-computer interface (BCI), and other. ASR, standard keyboard, cursor OSK, and scanning OSK had at least four studies and 30 subjects, with TER averaging 15.4, 12.5, 4.2, and 1.7 WPM, respectively. When combined with measurements of a particular client's text entry performance, the TER from this review can be used within an evidence-based decision-making process for selecting control interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajay Arthanat
- b Department of Occupational Therapy , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , USA
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Factors Which Facilitate or Impede Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships after Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review with Suggestions for Rehabilitation. Rehabil Res Pract 2017; 2016:9373786. [PMID: 28127471 PMCID: PMC5227179 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9373786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal interactions and relationships can influence an individual's perceptions of health and quality of life in the presence of disability. In the case of people with spinal cord injury (SCI), positive interpersonal interactions and relationships have been shown to contribute to resilience and adaptability. Understanding factors which facilitate or impede the development and maintenance of relationships after SCI may form the basis for proactive relationship support for people with SCI. To gain a broad insight into these factors, a scoping review was undertaken. Databases were searched for English language studies published between 2000 and 2015 that informed the review question. Sixty-two (62) studies were identified. Thematic analysis was conducted on data extracted from the studies and 51 factors which may facilitate relationships and 38 factors which may impede relationships after SCI were noted. The majority of factors could be categorized as environmental or personal according to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). The facilitating factors included partner and social support, reciprocity in relationships, and presenting oneself positively. Impeding factors included physical environmental barriers, real and perceived social biases, and poor self-image. Factors identified may inform the provision of supportive, holistic rehabilitation for people with SCI.
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Zeid EA, Sereshkeh AR, Chau T. A pipeline of spatio-temporal filtering for predicting the laterality of self-initiated fine movements from single trial readiness potentials. J Neural Eng 2016; 13:066012. [PMID: 27762239 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/066012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, the readiness potential (RP), a type of pre-movement neural activity, has been investigated for asynchronous electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Since the RP is attenuated for involuntary movements, a BCI driven by RP alone could facilitate intentional control amid a plethora of unintentional movements. Previous studies have attempted single trial classification of RP via spatial and temporal filtering methods, or by combining the RP with event-related desynchronization. However, RP feature extraction remains challenging due to the slow non-oscillatory nature of the potential, its variability among participants and the inherent noise in EEG signals. Here, we propose a participant-specific, individually optimized pipeline of spatio-temporal filtering (PSTF) to improve RP feature extraction for laterality prediction. APPROACH PSTF applies band-pass filtering on RP signals, followed by Fisher criterion spatial filtering to maximize class separation, and finally temporal window averaging for feature dimension reduction. Optimal parameters are simultaneously found by cross-validation for each participant. Using EEG data from 14 participants performing self-initiated left or right key presses as well as two benchmark BCI datasets, we compared the performance of PSTF to two popular methods: common spatial subspace decomposition, and adaptive spatio-temporal filtering. MAIN RESULTS On the BCI benchmark data sets, PSTF performed comparably to both existing methods. With the key press EEG data, PSTF extracted more discriminative features, thereby leading to more accurate (74.99% average accuracy) predictions of RP laterality than that achievable with existing methods. SIGNIFICANCE Naturalistic and volitional interaction with the world is an important capacity that is lost with traditional system-paced BCIs. We demonstrated a significant improvement in fine movement laterality prediction from RP features alone. Our work supports further study of RP-based BCI for intuitive asynchronous control of the environment, such as augmentative communication or wheelchair navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Abou Zeid
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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Myrden A, Schudlo L, Weyand S, Zeyl T, Chau T. Trends in communicative access solutions for children with cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol 2014; 29:1108-18. [PMID: 24820337 DOI: 10.1177/0883073814534320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Access solutions may facilitate communication in children with limited functional speech and motor control. This study reviews current trends in access solution development for children with cerebral palsy, with particular emphasis on the access technology that harnesses a control signal from the user (eg, movement or physiological change) and the output device (eg, augmentative and alternative communication system) whose behavior is modulated by the user's control signal. Access technologies have advanced from simple mechanical switches to machine vision (eg, eye-gaze trackers), inertial sensing, and emerging physiological interfaces that require minimal physical effort. Similarly, output devices have evolved from bulky, dedicated hardware with limited configurability, to platform-agnostic, highly personalized mobile applications. Emerging case studies encourage the consideration of access technology for all nonverbal children with cerebral palsy with at least nascent contingency awareness. However, establishing robust evidence of the effectiveness of the aforementioned advances will require more expansive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Myrden
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Schudlo
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabine Weyand
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Zeyl
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mumford L, Lam R, Wright V, Chau T. An access technology delivery protocol for children with severe and multiple disabilities: a case demonstration. Dev Neurorehabil 2014; 17:232-42. [PMID: 23869969 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2013.776125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study applied response efficiency theory to create the Access Technology Delivery Protocol (ATDP), a child and family-centred collaborative approach to the implementation of access technologies. METHODS We conducted a descriptive, mixed methods case study to demonstrate the ATDP method with a 12-year-old boy with no reliable means of access to an external device. Evaluations of response efficiency, satisfaction, goal attainment, technology use and participation were made after 8 and 16 weeks of training with a custom smile-based access technology. RESULTS At the 16 week mark, the new access technology offered better response quality; teacher satisfaction was high; average technology usage was 3-4 times per week for up to 1 h each time; switch sensitivity and specificity reached 78% and 64%, respectively, and participation scores increased by 38%. CONCLUSION This case supports further development and testing of the ATDP with additional children with multiple or severe disabilities.
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Kim S, Lee BS, Kim JM. Comparison of the using ability between a smartphone and a conventional mobile phone in people with cervical cord injury. Ann Rehabil Med 2014; 38:183-8. [PMID: 24855612 PMCID: PMC4026604 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2014.38.2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ability of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients in the use mobile cellular devices, especially the smartphone. METHODS Seventeen people with motor complete cervical SCI participated in the study. The assist-devices deemed most fitting were introduced to the patients: a mouth stick, multifunctional splint, activities of daily living (ADL) splint, universal cuff or none of the above. To determine the effective devices, a Multi-Directional Click Test (MDCT), Phone Number Test (PNT), and individual satisfaction inquiry were used. The most appropriate assist device was selected by MDCT. Subsequently PNT and individual satisfaction inquiry were performed with the conventional model and compared. RESULTS Those with C4 cord injury chose mouth stick. Those with C5 cord injury chose multifunctional splint (3 people) and ADL splint (2 people). Those with C6 cord injury chose universal cuff (3 people) or bare hands only. Those with C7 cord injury chose universal cuff (3 people). With a smartphone, all participants were able to complete the PNT. With a conventional model, only twelve participants (71%) were able to complete the same test. While it took 26.8±6.8 seconds with a conventional model to complete PNT, the same test took 18.8±10.9 seconds to complete with a smartphone (p<0.05). Overall, participants expressed higher satisfaction when using a smartphone. CONCLUSION The results offer a practical insight into the appropriate assist devices for SCI patients who wish to use mobile cellular devices, particularly smartphones. When the SCI patients are given the use of a smartphone with the appropriate assist devices, the SCI patients are expected to access mobile cellular device faster and with more satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkyu Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum-Suk Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Korea
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Leung B, Chau T. Autonomic responses to correct outcomes and interaction errors during single-switch scanning among children with severe spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2014; 11:34. [PMID: 24607065 PMCID: PMC3975284 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-11-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of single-switch access technology and scanning is the most promising means of augmentative and alternative communication for many children with severe physical disabilities. However, the physical impairment of the child and the technology's limited ability to interpret the child's intentions often lead to false positives and negatives (corresponding to accidental and missed selections, respectively) occurring at rates that frustrate the user and preclude functional communication. Multiple psychophysiological studies have associated cardiac deceleration and increased phasic electrodermal activity with self-realization of errors among able-bodied individuals. Thus, physiological measurements have potential utility at enhancing single-switch access, provided that such prototypical autonomic responses exist in persons with profound disabilities. METHODS The present case series investigated the autonomic responses of three pediatric single-switch users with severe spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy, in the context of a single-switch letter matching activity. Each participant exhibited distinct autonomic responses to activity engagement. RESULTS Our analysis confirmed the presence of the autonomic response pattern of cardiac deceleration and increased phasic electrodermal activity following true positives, false positives and false negatives errors, but not subsequent to true negative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that there may be merit in complementing single-switch input with autonomic measurements to improve augmentative and alternative communications for pediatric access technology users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Chau
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Rosebrugh Building, 164 College Street, Room 407, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada.
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Pousada T, Pareira J, Groba B, Nieto L, Pazos A. Assessing Mouse Alternatives to Access to Computer: A Case Study of a User With Cerebral Palsy. Assist Technol 2014; 26:33-44. [DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2013.792880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Chau T, Moghimi S, Popovic MR. Knowledge Translation in Rehabilitation Engineering Research and Development: A Knowledge Ecosystem Framework. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 94:S9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Memarian N, Venetsanopoulos AN, Chau T. Body Functions and Structures Pertinent to Infrared Thermography-Based Access for Clients With Severe Motor Disabilities. Assist Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2011.567371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'reilly MF, Sigafoos J, De Pace C, Chiapparino C, Ricci I, Navarro J, Addante LM, Spica A. Technology-assisted programmes to promote leisure engagement in persons with acquired brain injury and profound multiple disabilities: two case studies. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2011; 6:412-9. [DOI: 10.3109/17483107.2011.580899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Leung B, Yates M, Duez P, Chau T. Text Entry via Character Stroke Disambiguation for an Adolescent With Severe Motor Impairment and Cortical Visual Impairment. Assist Technol 2010; 22:223-35. [DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2010.518580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Memarian N, Venetsanopoulos AN, Chau T. Client-centred development of an infrared thermal access switch for a young adult with severe spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2010; 6:179-87. [PMID: 20569118 DOI: 10.3109/17483107.2010.498075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reports a client-centred development of a non-contact access switch based on an infrared thermal imaging of mouth opening-closing activity of an individual with severe spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy. METHOD Over a 6-month period, the client participated in five test sessions to inform the development of an infrared thermal switch. The client completed eight stimulus-response trials (switch test) and eight word-matching trials (scan test) using the infrared thermal switch and provided subjective feedback throughout. RESULTS For the switch test, the client achieved an average correct activation rate of 90% and average response time of 2.4 s. His mean correct activation rate on the scan test improved from 65 to 80% over the course of system development, with an average response time of 11.7 s. CONCLUSIONS An infrared thermography switch tuned to a client's extant orofacial gestures is a practical non-invasive access solution and warrants further research in clients with severe physical disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Memarian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Alves N, Chau T. The design and testing of a novel mechanomyogram-driven switch controlled by small eyebrow movements. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2010; 7:22. [PMID: 20492680 PMCID: PMC2890628 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with severe physical disabilities and minimal motor behaviour may be unable to use conventional mechanical switches for access. These persons may benefit from access technologies that harness the volitional activity of muscles. In this study, we describe the design and demonstrate the performance of a binary switch controlled by mechanomyogram (MMG) signals recorded from the frontalis muscle during eyebrow movements. Methods Muscle contractions, detected in real-time with a continuous wavelet transform algorithm, were used to control a binary switch for computer access. The automatic selection of scale-specific thresholds reduced the effect of artefact, such as eye blinks and head movement, on the performance of the switch. Switch performance was estimated by cued response-tests performed by eleven participants (one with severe physical disabilities). Results The average sensitivity and specificity of the switch was 99.7 ± 0.4% and 99.9 ± 0.1%, respectively. The algorithm performance was robust against typical participant movement. Conclusions The results suggest that the frontalis muscle is a suitable site for controlling the MMG-driven switch. The high accuracies combined with the minimal requisite effort and training show that MMG is a promising binary control signal. Further investigation of the potential benefits of MMG-control for the target population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Alves
- Bloorview Research Institute, Bloorview Kids Rehab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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