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Mace P, Milh M, Girard N, Sigaudy S, Quarello E. [How to deal with a fetal head circumference lower than the third percentile?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 45:491-511. [PMID: 28870427 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal finding of a head circumference (HC) below the 3rd percentile (p) remains, in the same way as short femur or increased nuchal translucency with normal karyotype, one the most difficult situations for the praticionner in the setting of prenatal diagnosis. Microcephaly is a gateway to possible cerebral pathologies, but the main objective is to identify serious prenatal situations. A standardized HC measurement, the use of adapted reference tools and charts, longitudinal following of cephalic biometrics in high-risk situations, and systematic central nervous system analysis can increase the diagnostic performance of ultrasound which is often disappointing for microcephaly. The early distinction between associated or isolated microcephaly makes it possible to quickly orient the prenatal management and counseling. Fetal MRI and genetic counseling are fundamental in this context, making it possible to specify at best the etiological diagnosis and to provide assistance to the neuropediatrician in the establishment of an often uncertain prognosis. The recent increase in cases of microcephaly concomitant with the epidemic of the ZIKA virus is an additional argument to improve our practices and the daily apprehension of HC<3rd p.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mace
- Centre de diagnostic prénatal, hôpital La Timone enfant, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - M Milh
- Centre de diagnostic prénatal, hôpital La Timone enfant, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France; Service de neurologie pédiatrique, hôpital La Timone enfants, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France; Inserm, GMGF UMR_S 910, Aix Marseille université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - N Girard
- CRMBM UMR CNRS 7339, faculté de médecine, Aix Marseille université (AMU), 13385 Marseille, France; Service de neuroradiologie diagnostique et interventionnelle, hôpital La Timone, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - S Sigaudy
- Centre de diagnostic prénatal, hôpital La Timone enfant, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France; Département de génétique médicale, hôpital La Timone enfant, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - E Quarello
- Unité d'échographie et de diagnostic prénatal, hôpital Saint-Joseph, 26, boulevard de Louvain, 13285 Marseille cedex 08, France; Institut de médecine de la reproduction, 6, rue Rocca, 13008 Marseille, France.
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Appraisal of the Preparedness of Midwives and Nurses in Bahrain to Conduct Early Screening for Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 12:7-13. [PMID: 28724472 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To appraise the awareness and knowledge levels of midwives and nurses concerning early screening for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection among pregnant women attending health care facilities in Bahrain. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, purposely chosen study of Bahraini and expatriate midwives, nurses, and supervisors employed in gynecology/obstetrics and labor wards of Salmanya hospital, a maternity hospital, 4 private hospitals, and health centers in Bahrain. The chosen individuals were invited to participate in a survey on awareness and knowledge of early screening for ZIKV infection. RESULTS Of 266 midwives and nurses employed in the study sites, 170 (64%) consented to participate in the study. Of those who agreed to participate, 76 were midwives and 94 were nurses. Admittedly, 39% of midwives and nurses were unaware of ZIKV infection. The grand mean knowledge score in the study was 39%. Expatriate midwives and nurses scored better than did Bahrainis (P<0.001). The grand mean knowledge scores of evening and night shift duty participants were significantly higher than those of the day duty participants. CONCLUSIONS The awareness and knowledge scores of midwives and nurses concerning ZIKV infection were inadequate, which supported our hypothesis. By harnessing modern technology and support systems, lifelong learning can be used as a means to enhance preparedness for public health crises such as ZIKV. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:7-13).
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Calvet G, Aguiar RS, Melo ASO, Sampaio SA, de Filippis I, Fabri A, Araujo ESM, de Sequeira PC, de Mendonça MCL, de Oliveira L, Tschoeke DA, Schrago CG, Thompson FL, Brasil P, Dos Santos FB, Nogueira RMR, Tanuri A, de Filippis AMB. Detection and sequencing of Zika virus from amniotic fluid of fetuses with microcephaly in Brazil: a case study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:653-660. [PMID: 26897108 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of microcephaly in Brazil in 2015 was 20 times higher than in previous years. Congenital microcephaly is associated with genetic factors and several causative agents. Epidemiological data suggest that microcephaly cases in Brazil might be associated with the introduction of Zika virus. We aimed to detect and sequence the Zika virus genome in amniotic fluid samples of two pregnant women in Brazil whose fetuses were diagnosed with microcephaly. METHODS In this case study, amniotic fluid samples from two pregnant women from the state of Paraíba in Brazil whose fetuses had been diagnosed with microcephaly were obtained, on the recommendation of the Brazilian health authorities, by ultrasound-guided transabdominal amniocentesis at 28 weeks' gestation. The women had presented at 18 weeks' and 10 weeks' gestation, respectively, with clinical manifestations that could have been symptoms of Zika virus infection, including fever, myalgia, and rash. After the amniotic fluid samples were centrifuged, DNA and RNA were extracted from the purified virus particles before the viral genome was identified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and viral metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic reconstruction and investigation of recombination events were done by comparing the Brazilian Zika virus genome with sequences from other Zika strains and from flaviviruses that occur in similar regions in Brazil. FINDINGS We detected the Zika virus genome in the amniotic fluid of both pregnant women. The virus was not detected in their urine or serum. Tests for dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, HIV, Treponema pallidum, and parvovirus B19 were all negative. After sequencing of the complete genome of the Brazilian Zika virus isolated from patient 1, phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus shares 97-100% of its genomic identity with lineages isolated during an outbreak in French Polynesia in 2013, and that in both envelope and NS5 genomic regions, it clustered with sequences from North and South America, southeast Asia, and the Pacific. After assessing the possibility of recombination events between the Zika virus and other flaviviruses, we ruled out the hypothesis that the Brazilian Zika virus genome is a recombinant strain with other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. INTERPRETATION These findings strengthen the putative association between Zika virus and cases of microcephaly in neonates in Brazil. Moreover, our results suggest that the virus can cross the placental barrier. As a result, Zika virus should be considered as a potential infectious agent for human fetuses. Pathogenesis studies that confirm the tropism of Zika virus for neuronal cells are warranted. FUNDING Consellho Nacional de Desenvolvimento e Pesquisa (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Calvet
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato S Aguiar
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana S O Melo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Joaquim Amorim Neto (IPESQ), Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Simone A Sampaio
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivano de Filippis
- Instituto Nacional de Controle e Qualidade, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allison Fabri
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane S M Araujo
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia C de Sequeira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos C L de Mendonça
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Louisi de Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo A Tschoeke
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Schrago
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Sistemas Avançados de Gestão de Produção-SAGE-COPPE, Centro de Gestão Tecnológica-CT2, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia B Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rita M R Nogueira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana M B de Filippis
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Clinical phenotype of the recurrent 1q21.1 copy-number variant. Genet Med 2015; 18:341-9. [PMID: 26066539 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the clinical phenotype of the recurrent copy-number variation (CNV) at 1q21.1, we assessed the psychiatric and medical phenotypes of 1q21.1 deletion and duplication carriers ascertained through clinical genetic testing and family member cascade testing, with particular emphasis on dimensional assessment across multiple functional domains. METHODS Nineteen individuals with 1q21.1 deletion, 19 individuals with the duplication, and 23 familial controls (noncarrier siblings and parents) spanning early childhood through adulthood were evaluated for psychiatric, neurologic, and other medical diagnoses, and their cognitive, adaptive, language, motor, and neurologic domains were also assessed. Twenty-eight individuals with 1q21.1 CNVs (15 deletion, 13 duplication) underwent structural magnetic resonance brain imaging. RESULTS Probands with 1q21.1 CNVs presented with a range of psychiatric, neurologic, and medical disorders. Deletion and duplication carriers shared several features, including borderline cognitive functioning, impaired fine and gross motor functioning, articulation abnormalities, and hypotonia. Increased frequency of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis, increased ASD symptom severity, and increased prevalence of macrocephaly were observed in the duplication relative to deletion carriers, whereas reciprocally increased prevalence of microcephaly was observed in the deletion carriers. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with 1q21.1 deletions or duplications exhibit consistent deficits on motor and cognitive functioning and abnormalities in head circumference.Genet Med 18 4, 341-349.
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