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González-Rodríguez MTA, Brukman-Jiménez SA, Cuero-Quezada I, Corona-Rivera JR, Corona-Rivera A, Serafín-Saucedo G, Aguirre-Salas LM, Bobadilla-Morales L. Identification of a Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome in a Turner Syndrome Patient with Karyotype mos 46,X,+mar/45,X. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020253. [PMID: 36833181 PMCID: PMC9957150 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Turner Syndrome is characterized by a normal X chromosome and the partial or complete absence of a second sexual chromosome. Small supernumerary marker chromosomes are present in 6.6% of these patients. Because of the wide range of Turner syndrome karyotypes, it is difficult to establish a relationship with the phenotype of the patients. We present the case of a female patient with Turner syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and intellectual disability. The karyotype revealed the presence of mosaicism with a monosomy X cell line and a second line with a small marker chromosome. FISH of two different tissues was used to identify the marker chromosome with probes for X and Y centromeres. Both tissues presented mosaicism for a two X chromosome signal, differing in the percentage of the monosomy X cell percentage. Comparative genomic hybridization with the CytoScanTMHD assay was performed in genomic DNA from peripheral blood, allowing us to determine the size and breakage points of the small marker chromosome. The patient presents a phenotype that combines classic Turner syndrome features and unlikely ones as intellectual disability. The size, implicated genes, and degree of inactivation of the X chromosome influence the broad spectrum of phenotypes resulting from these chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Alejandra González-Rodríguez
- Human Genetics PhD Program, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Human Genetics Institute “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Sinhue Alejandro Brukman-Jiménez
- Human Genetics Institute “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Cytogenetics Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Idalid Cuero-Quezada
- Human Genetics PhD Program, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Human Genetics Institute “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Jorge Román Corona-Rivera
- Human Genetics Institute “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Center for Registry and Research in Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Service of Genetics, Pediatrics Division, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Corona-Rivera
- Human Genetics Institute “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Cytogenetics Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Graciela Serafín-Saucedo
- Cytogenetics Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Liuba M. Aguirre-Salas
- Service of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatrics Division, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Lucina Bobadilla-Morales
- Human Genetics Institute “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Cytogenetics Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Center for Registry and Research in Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Service of Genetics, Pediatrics Division, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1-3336189326 or +52-1-3336180362
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Xue H, Chen X, Lin M, Lin N, Huang H, Yu A, Xu L. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic identification of small supernumerary marker chromosomes: analysis of three prenatal cases using chromosome microarray analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2135-2148. [PMID: 33318309 PMCID: PMC7880375 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes cannot be accurately identified by G-banding, and the related phenotypes vary greatly. It is essential to specify the origin, size, and gene content of marker chromosomes using molecular cytogenetic techniques. Herein, three fetuses with de novo marker chromosomes were initially identified by G-banding. Single nucleotide polymorphism array and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed to characterize the origins of the marker chromosomes. The karyotypes of the three fetuses were 47,XY,+mar, 46,X,+mar[32]/45,X[68], and 45,X[62]/46,X,+mar[9]. In case 1, the karyotype was confirmed as 47,XY,+ idic(22)(q11.2). Therefore, the sSMC originated from chromosome 22 and was associated with cat eye syndrome. In case 2, the marker chromosome derived from ring chromosome X, and the karyotype was interpreted as 45,X[68]/46,X,+r(X)(p11.1q21.31)[32]. Meanwhile, the karyotype of case 3 was defined as 45,X[62]/46,X,idic(Y)(q11.2) and the marker chromosome originated from chromosome Y. Case 1 continued the pregnancy, whereas the other two pregnancies underwent elective termination. The detailed characterization of marker chromosomes can facilitate informed decision making, prevent uncertainty, and provide proper prognostic assessments. Our findings emphasize the importance for combining cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques in marker chromosome characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Xue
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Aili Yu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
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Farooqui A, Tazyeen S, Ahmed MM, Alam A, Ali S, Malik MZ, Ali S, Ishrat R. Assessment of the key regulatory genes and their Interologs for Turner Syndrome employing network approach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10091. [PMID: 29973620 PMCID: PMC6031616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Turner Syndrome (TS) is a condition where several genes are affected but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Identifying the genes that regulate the TS network is one of the main challenges in understanding its aetiology. Here, we studied the regulatory network from manually curated genes reported in the literature and identified essential proteins involved in TS. The power-law distribution analysis showed that TS network carries scale-free hierarchical fractal attributes. This organization of the network maintained the self-ruled constitution of nodes at various levels without having centrality-lethality control systems. Out of twenty-seven genes culminating into leading hubs in the network, we identified two key regulators (KRs) i.e. KDM6A and BDNF. These KRs serve as the backbone for all the network activities. Removal of KRs does not cause its breakdown, rather a change in the topological properties was observed. Since essential proteins are evolutionarily conserved, the orthologs of selected interacting proteins in C. elegans, cat and macaque monkey (lower to higher level organisms) were identified. We deciphered three important interologs i.e. KDM6A-WDR5, KDM6A-ASH2L and WDR5-ASH2L that form a triangular motif. In conclusion, these KRs and identified interologs are expected to regulate the TS network signifying their biological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Farooqui
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Safia Tazyeen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohd Murshad Ahmed
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Zubbair Malik
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sher Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Romana Ishrat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Khan HL, Bhatti S, Abbas S, Khan YL, Aslamkhan M, Gonzalez RMM, Gonzalez GR, Aydin HH, Trinidad MS. Tri-nucleotide consortium of androgen receptor is associated with low serum FSH and testosterone in asthenospermic men. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2017; 64:112-121. [DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1384080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Latif Khan
- Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Bhatti
- Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Medical Education, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Abbas
- Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Latif Khan
- Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslamkhan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Hikmet Hakan Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova Izmir, Turkey
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