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Complete mitogenome of Kashmir musk deer (Moschus cupreus) and its comparative phylogenetic relationships. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9757-9763. [PMID: 33219479 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Kashmir musk deer, Moschus cupreus (KMD) is one the most threatened species endemic to the Himalayan region of Kashmir, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Herein, we have sequenced, annotated and characterized the complete mitogenome of M. cupreus. The investigation and comparison of the mitogenome provide crucial information for phylogenetic analysis to understand the evolutionary relationships. The mitogenome of KMD was 16,354 bp long, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and non-coding control region. Its composition was highly A+T biased 68.42%, and exhibited a positive AT-skew (0.082) and negative GC-skew (- 0.307). The phylogenetic analysis suggested that KMD was a primitive and extant species in the genus Moschus, whereas Alpine musk deer (M. chrysogaster) and Himalayan musk deer (M. leucogaster) were the closest relatives. It indicated the placement of M. cupreus within the monotypic family Moschidae of musk deer. Hence, it provides a better understanding of lineage identification and musk deer evolution for further research.
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Kim SI, Lee MY, Jeon HS, Han SH, An J. Complete mitochondrial genome of Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus (Artiodactyla: Moschidae) and phylogenetic relationship with other moschus species. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2017; 2:860-861. [PMID: 33474012 PMCID: PMC7800829 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1407715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Siberian musk deer, Moschus moschiferus, is an Endangered species in South Korea due to its decreasing population size caused by illegal hunting and habitat destruction. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of M. moschiferus was determined using next-generation sequencing. Total length of its mitogenome is 16,356 bp in length, encoding 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region. Its AT contents are 62.4%, which are higher than its GC contents (37.7%) (A, 34.1%; C, 24.9%; G, 12.8%; and T, 28.3%). Phylogenetic relationship of genus Moschus showed topologies similar to those reported in previous studies. Sequence comparison between two M. moschiferus from South Korea indicated high sequence variations with 122 nucleotide differences. These results provide useful information necessary for further phylogenetic studies of Moschus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-In Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Yeong Lee
- Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hey Sook Jeon
- Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Han
- Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwa An
- Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Pan T, Wang H, Hu C, Sun Z, Zhu X, Meng T, Meng X, Zhang B. Species Delimitation in the Genus Moschus (Ruminantia: Moschidae) and Its High-Plateau Origin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134183. [PMID: 26280166 PMCID: PMC4539215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The authenticity of controversial species is a significant challenge for systematic biologists. Moschidae is a small family of musk deer in the Artiodactyla, composing only one genus, Moschus. Historically, the number of species in the Moschidae family has been debated. Presently, most musk deer species were restricted in the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding/adjacent areas, which implied that the evolution of Moschus might have been punctuated by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we aimed to determine the evolutionary history and delimit the species in Moschus by exploring the complete mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and other mitochondrial gene. Our study demonstrated that six species, M. leucogaster, M. fuscus, M. moschiferus, M. berezovskii, M. chrysogaster and M. anhuiensis, were authentic species in the genus Moschus. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular dating showed that the ancestor of the present Moschidae originates from Tibetan Plateau which suggested that the evolution of Moschus was prompted by the most intense orogenic movement of the Tibetan Plateau during the Pliocene age, and alternating glacial-interglacial geological eras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chaochao Hu
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 230039, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonglou Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Guangxi Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Nanning, 530011, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuxiang Meng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Baowei Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
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Yu Y, Feng Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Duan Y, Zhou Z, Zhang M. Complete mitochondrial genome of a Wild Amur Moose (Alces alces cameloides). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:4061-4062. [PMID: 25629496 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.1003843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mt DNA) of Amur Moose (Alces alces cameloides) was sequenced, using muscle tissue obtained from a male Amur moose. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,305 bp. The genome structure of Amur moose is similar to other moose and it contains 12S rRNA gene, 16S rRNA gene, 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 control region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Yu
- a College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , PR China and.,b Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry , Harbin , PR China
| | - Yuan Feng
- a College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , PR China and
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- a College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , PR China and
| | - Yong Yang
- a College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , PR China and
| | - Yubao Duan
- a College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , PR China and
| | - Zhengyan Zhou
- a College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , PR China and
| | - Minghai Zhang
- a College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , PR China and
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Yu JN, Chung CU, Kwak M. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Korean hare (Lepus coreanus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 26:129-30. [PMID: 23883283 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.815170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitogenome of the Korean hare (Lepus coreanus) was determined by the long and accurate polymerase chain reaction and primer-walking methods. The mitogenome of the Korean hare is 17,472 bp in length and contains sequences that encode 13 protein genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and a noncoding control region. The mitogenome is arranged in an identical order to that found in most other vertebrates. All mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand, except for eight tRNA genes and the ND6 gene. The control region contains putative termination associated elements, conserved sequence blocks and short and long tandem repeats motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Nam Yu
- National Institute of Biological Resources , Incheon , Korea and
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Wang H, Zhu X, Pan T, Meng X, Li C, Zhou L, Zhang B. Mitochondrial genome of the Alpine musk deer Moschus chrysogaster (Artiodactyla: Ruminantia: Moschidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA 2013; 24:487-9. [PMID: 23560692 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.770499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) is an endangered species, which is distributed on the plateau and mountains, mainly in Neimenggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Xinjiang, and other places. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of M. chrysogaster. The circle genome was 16,354 bp and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region (CR). The CR was located between the tRNA(Pro) and tRNA(Phe) genes and is 924 bp in length. Overall base composition of the complete mitochondrial DNA was 34.0% A, 28.0% T, 25.1% C, and 12.9% G. The M. chrysogaster mitochondrial genome had 21 tRNA genes folded in the typical cloverleaf structure, with a unique exception of tRNA(Ser).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University , Hefei 230039 , People's Republic of China
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Zhu X, Shi W, Pan T, Wang H, Zhou L, Zhang B. Mitochondrial genome of the Anhui musk deer (Moschus anhuiensis). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA 2012. [PMID: 23198975 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.744985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Anhui musk deer (Moschus anhuiensis) is an endangered species which is endemic to a narrow region in two National Nature Reserves in Dabie Mountains, Anhui Province, China. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of M. anhuiensis. The results showed that the total length of the mitogenome was 16,351 bp as a circular DNA and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 control region. Overall base composition of the complete mitochondrial DNA was 34.0% A, 28.1% T, 25.0% C, and 12.9% G. The M. anhuiensis mitochondrial genome had 21 tRNA genes folded in the typical cloverleaf structure, with a unique exception of tRNA(Ser). The mitochondrial genes from M. anhuiensis were overlapped in a total of 72 bp at seven locations, as well as interleaved with a total of 62 bp intergenic spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhu
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People's Republic of China
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Kim YM, Choi EH, Kim SK, Jang KH, Ryu SH, Hwang UW. Complete mitochondrial genome of the Hodgson's batMyotis formosus(Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 22:71-3. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2011.624598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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