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Xiong D, Shao J, Luo W, Jiang H, Wang F, Lu B. The complete mitochondrial genome of the Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1542981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D.M. Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - J. Shao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xi’an, China
| | - W. Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - H.B. Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - F Wang
- Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xi’an, China
| | - B. Lu
- Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xi’an, China
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Turanov SV, Lee YH, Kartavtsev YP. Structure, evolution and phylogenetic informativeness of eelpouts (Cottoidei: Zoarcales) mitochondrial control region sequences. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2018; 30:264-272. [PMID: 29991298 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2018.1484117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Control region (CR) is a major non-coding domain of mitochondrial DNA in vertebrates which contains the promoters for replication and transcription of mitochondrial genome along with the binding sites for metabolic machinery and, hence, is a vital element for the integrity of mitochondrial genome as a biological replicator. The origin and diversity of structural elements within CR have been intensively studied in recent years with the involvement of new diverse taxa. In this paper, we provide new data on the nucleotide and structural patterns of CR evolution and phylogenetic suitability among eelpouts (Cottoidei: Zoarcales). To achieve this, we carried out a comparative phylogenetic and structural analysis of 29 CR sequences belonging to the long shanny Stichaeus grigorjewi together with nine sequences of other eelpouts taxa representing four families in contrast to mitochondrial protein-coding fragments. The CR organization within S. grigorjewi, as well as in all other eelpouts, is consistent with the common three-domain structure known from most vertebrates. We found a hidden CR variation constrains on the landscape level and a lack of nucleotide saturation. Finally, our results demonstrate the advantage of the length variation in CR sequences for phylogenetic reconstructions among eelpouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Turanov
- a Laboratory of Molecular Systematic, A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch , Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia.,b Chair of Water Biological Resources and Aquaculture, Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Youn-Ho Lee
- c Laboratory of Marine Genomics, Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Ansan , Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Ph Kartavtsev
- a Laboratory of Molecular Systematic, A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch , Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia.,d Chair of Biodiversity and Marine Bioresources, Far Eastern Federal University , Vladivostok , Russia
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Tong GX, Xu W, Zhang YQ, Zhang QY, Yin JS, Kuang YY. De novo assembly and characterization of the Hucho taimen transcriptome. Ecol Evol 2017; 8:1271-1285. [PMID: 29375797 PMCID: PMC5773338 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Taimen (Hucho taimen) is an important ecological and economic species that is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; however, limited genomic information is available on this species. RNA‐Seq is a useful tool for obtaining genetic information and developing genetic markers for nonmodel species in addition to its application in gene expression profiling. In this study, we performed a comprehensive RNA‐Seq analysis of taimen. We obtained 157 M clean reads (14.7 Gb) and used them to de novo assemble a high‐quality transcriptome with a N50 size of 1,060 bp. In the assembly, 82% of the transcripts were annotated using several databases, and 14,666 of the transcripts contained a full open reading frame. The assembly covered 75% of the transcripts of Atlantic salmon and 57.3% of the protein‐coding genes of rainbow trout. To learn about the genome evolution, we performed a systematic comparative analysis across 11 teleosts including eight salmonids and found 313 unique gene families in taimen. Using Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout transcriptomes as the background, we identified 250 positive selection transcripts. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed a unique characteristic of taimen: It possesses more immune‐related genes than Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout; moreover, some genes have undergone strong positive selection. We also developed a pipeline for identifying microsatellite marker genotypes in samples and successfully identified 24 polymorphic microsatellite markers for taimen. These data and tools are useful for studying conservation genetics, phylogenetics, evolution among salmonids, and selective breeding for threatened taimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xiang Tong
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Daoli District, Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Wei Xu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Daoli District, Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yong-Quan Zhang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Daoli District, Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Daoli District, Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Jia-Sheng Yin
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Daoli District, Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - You-Yi Kuang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Daoli District, Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
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Balakirev ES, Saveliev PA, Ayala FJ. Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of the Cherskii's Sculpin Cottus czerskii and Siberian Taimen Hucho taimen Reveal GenBank Entry Errors: Incorrect Species Identification and Recombinant Mitochondrial Genome. Evol Bioinform Online 2017; 13:1176934317726783. [PMID: 28890653 PMCID: PMC5574479 DOI: 10.1177/1176934317726783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome is sequenced in 2 individuals of the Cherskii's sculpin Cottus czerskii. A surprisingly high level of sequence divergence (10.3%) has been detected between the 2 genomes of C czerskii studied here and the GenBank mt genome of C czerskii (KJ956027). At the same time, a surprisingly low level of divergence (1.4%) has been detected between the GenBank C czerskii (KJ956027) and the Amur sculpin Cottus szanaga (KX762049, KX762050). We argue that the observed discrepancies are due to incorrect taxonomic identification so that the GenBank accession number KJ956027 represents actually the mt genome of C szanaga erroneously identified as C czerskii. Our results are of consequence concerning the GenBank database quality, highlighting the potential negative consequences of entry errors, which once they are introduced tend to be propagated among databases and subsequent publications. We illustrate the premise with the data on recombinant mt genome of the Siberian taimen Hucho taimen (NCBI Reference Sequence Database NC_016426.1; GenBank accession number HQ897271.1), bearing 2 introgressed fragments (≈0.9 kb [kilobase]) from 2 lenok subspecies, Brachymystax lenok and Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, submitted to GenBank on June 12, 2011. Since the time of submission, the H taimen recombinant mt genome leading to incorrect phylogenetic inferences was propagated in multiple subsequent publications despite the fact that nonrecombinant H taimen genomes were also available (submitted to GenBank on August 2, 2014; KJ711549, KJ711550). Other examples of recombinant sequences persisting in GenBank are also considered. A GenBank Entry Error Depositary is urgently needed to monitor and avoid a progressive accumulation of wrong biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy S Balakirev
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Pavel A Saveliev
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Francisco J Ayala
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Xue Z, Zhang YY, Lin MS, Sun SM, Gao WF, Wang W. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the population genetic diversity of the Amur minnow ( Phoxinus lagowskii). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2017; 2:331-336. [PMID: 33473818 PMCID: PMC7800526 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1331319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phoxinus lagowskii is a freshwater fish that is widely distributed in China. In this study, a comparative analysis of the mtDNA control region (D-loop) was performed to analyze the natural population structure and genetic diversity of 54 individuals from eleven locations (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10 and T11) which was divided with reservoirs. The estimated haplotype and nucleotide diversity were 0.734 and 0.03514, respectively. An AMOVA indicated that 79.78% of the total variation originated from individual populations and 20.22% came from variation within the 11 geographic populations, which showed high genetic differentiation among the 11 geographic groups. A test of neutral evolution and mismatch distribution indicated that historical expansion occurred in these populations. However, the findings of low genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation demonstrated that the reproduction isolated by reservoir has showed a certain effect for the development of the populations, and the results should provide new information for the conservation and exploitation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xue
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mao-Shang Lin
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shi-Meng Sun
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei-Feng Gao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
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Zhang S, Wei Q, Wang K, Du H, Xin M, Wu J. The complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered Hucho hucho (Salmonidae: Huchen). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:1950-2. [PMID: 25319285 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.971302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hucho hucho, one of the most endangered members of the family Salmonidae, is endemic to the Danube basin. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of H. hucho was sequenced and characterized. The genome is 16,751 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a noncoding control region. The gene arrangement and nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial genome are similar to those of H. bleekeri. An 82 bp tandem repeat was identified in the control region, which is variable in length and copy number of repeat between and within species. The complete mitochondrial DNA of H. hucho should be useful to study population genetics, biogeography and adaptive evolution of this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuan Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation , Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Qiwei Wei
- a Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation , Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Ke Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation , Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Hao Du
- a Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation , Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Miaomiao Xin
- a Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation , Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Jinming Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation , Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Wuhan , China
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Balakirev ES, Romanov NS, Mikheev PB, Ayala FJ. Complete mitochondrial genome of Siberian taimen, Hucho taimen not introgressed by the lenok subspecies, Brachymystax lenok and B. lenok tsinlingensis. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:815-6. [PMID: 24845441 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.919455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genomes were sequenced in two individuals of Siberian taimen Hucho taimen. The sizes of the genomes were 16,833 and 16,914 in the two isolates, representing two haplotype groups previously detected. The gene arrangement, base composition, and size of the two sequenced genomes are very similar to the H. taimen genome previously published (HQ897271), but did not contain introgressed fragments from two subspecies of lenok, Brachymystax lenok and B. l. tsinlingensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy S Balakirev
- a Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , University of California , Irvine , California , USA .,b A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science , Vladivostok , Russia , and
| | - Nikolai S Romanov
- b A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science , Vladivostok , Russia , and
| | - Pavel B Mikheev
- c GosNIORH Perm Department , Perm Brunch of State Research Institute on Lake and River Fisheries , Perm , Russia
| | - Francisco J Ayala
- a Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , University of California , Irvine , California , USA
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Zhang S, Wei Q, Du H, Li L. The complete mitochondrial genome of the EndangeredHucho bleekeri(Salmonidae: huchen). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 27:124-5. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.878906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tu F, Liu S, Liu Y, Sun Z, Yin Y, Yan C, Lu L, Yue B, Zhang X. Complete mitogenome of Chinese shrew moleUropsilus soricipes(Milne-Edwards, 1871) (Mammalia: Talpidae) and genetic structure of the species in the Jiajin Mountains (China). J NAT HIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.842012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Liu H, Li Y, Liu X, Xiong D, Wang L, Zou G, Wei Q. Phylogeographic structure of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (Salmonidae) populations in the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, based on mtDNA control region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 26:532-7. [PMID: 24409920 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.865168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis is an endangered freshwater fish and distributed in mountains steams of Qinling Mountains, China. In this study, a comparative study of the mtDNA control region (D-loop) was performed to analyze its natural population structure and the genetic diversity of 53 individuals from four locations (TB, YX, LX and ZZ populations). Sequence analysis revealed three different domains and two feature sequences of the control region. The estimated haplotype and nucleotide diversity were 9 and 0.0023, respectively. Genetic structure analysis showed a high-level genetic diversity of B. lenok tisnlingensis (h = 0.6060 ± 0.1499). The AMOVA analysis indicated that 26.02% of total variation came from individual populations, and 73.98% from variation within the four geographic populations, which showed low genetic differentiation between the four geographic groups. Test of neutral evolution and mismatch distribution indicated that no historical expansion occurred in these populations. The high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation would provide new information for conservation and exploitation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shanxi , China and
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Balakirev ES, Romanov NS, Mikheev PB, Ayala FJ. Mitochondrial DNA variation and introgression in Siberian taimen Hucho taimen. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71147. [PMID: 23951096 PMCID: PMC3741329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Siberian taimen Hucho taimen is the largest representative of the family Salmonidae inhabiting rivers of northern Eurasia. The species is under intensive aquaculture activity. To monitor natural taimen populations we have sequenced a portion (8,141 bp) of the mitochondrial (mt) genome in 28 specimens of H. taimen from six localities in the Amur River basin. Nucleotide variability is low (π = 0.0010), but structured in two divergent haplotype groups. A comparison of the data with the GenBank H. taimen mt genome (HQ897271) reveals significant differences between them in spite of the fact that the fish specimens come from neighboring geographical areas. The distribution of divergence is non-uniform with two highly pronounced divergent regions centered on two genes, ND3 and ND6. To clarify the pattern of divergence we sequenced the corresponding portion of the mt genome of lenok Brachymystax tumensis and analyzed the GenBank complete mt genomes of related species. We have found that the first and second divergent regions are identical between the GenBank H. taimen and two lenok subspecies, B. lenok and B. lenok tsinlingensis, respectively. Consequently, both divergent regions represent introgressed mtDNA resulting from intergeneric hybridization between the two lenok subspecies and H. taimen. Introgression is, however, not detected in our specimens. This plus the precise identity of the introgressed fragments between the donor and the recipient GenBank sequence suggests that the introgression is local and very recent, probably due to artificial manipulations involving taimen – lenok intergeneric hybridization. Human-mediated hybridization may become a major threat to aquatic biodiversity. Consequently we suggest that due attention needs to be given to this threat by means of responsible breeding program management, so as to prevent a potential spread of hybrid fishes that could jeopardize the resilience of locally adapted gene pools of the native H. taimen populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy S Balakirev
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
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Shedko SV, Miroshnichenko IL, Nemkova GA. Complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered Sakhalin taimen Parahucho perryi (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:265-6. [PMID: 23795829 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.800498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Parahucho perryi has been obtained by the next generation sequencing, which contained 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes and non-coding control region with the total length of 16,651 bp. The gene content, arrangement, codon usage and base composition of P. perryi mitogenome are identical to those observed in salmonids and most other teleost fishes. The sequence data could provide useful information for the studies on molecular systematics and conservation genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Shedko
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
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Li J, Si S, Guo R, Wang Y, Song Z. Complete mitochondrial genome of the stone loach, Triplophysa stoliczkae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Balitoridae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 24:8-10. [PMID: 22920274 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.710225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the stone loach Triplophysa stoliczkae is 16,571 bp in size, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a noncoding control region. As in other vertebrates, most mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand, except for nd6 and eight tRNA genes which are encoded on the light strand. The overall base composition of the heavy strand of the T. stoliczkae mitochondrial genome is A: 28.1%, T: 29.0%, C: 25.0%, and G: 17.9%. The alignment of the Triplophysa species control regions exhibited high genetic variability and rich A+T content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxuan Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
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Si S, Wang Y, Xu G, Yang S, Mou Z, Song Z. Complete mitochondrial genomes of two lenoks, Brachymystax lenok and Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:338-40. [PMID: 22708865 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.690749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The circular mitochondrial genomes of Brachymystax lenok and B. lenok tsinlingensis are 16,832 and 16,669 bp in length, respectively. The mitogenomes of two lenoks shared common features with those of other teleosts in terms of gene arrangement, base composition, and transfer RNA structures. The two genomes have an overall nucleotide sequence identity of 98.3%. Through the comparisons between the two lenoks, we found their gene arrangement, composition, and sizes are the same, and the A+T content is identical. As with other freshwater salmonids, a T-type mononucleotide microsatellite and various tandem repeats were identified in the control regions of the lenoks. The low pairwise distance (2.1%) inferred from 12 mitochondrial protein-coding genes on heavy strand showed close proximity of B. lenok and B. lenok tsinlingensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjuan Si
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
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