The complete mitochondrial genome of mud carp Cirrhinus molitorella (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)

Genetic improvement and genomic resources of important cyprinid species: status and future perspectives for sustainable production

Cyprinid species are the most cultured aquatic species around the world in terms of quantity and total value. They account for 25% of global aquaculture production and significantly contribute to fulfilling the demand for fish food. The aquaculture of these species is facing severe concerns in terms of seed quality, rising feed costs, disease outbreaks, introgression of exotic species, environmental impacts, and anthropogenic activities. Numerous researchers have explored biological issues and potential methods to enhance cyprinid aquaculture. Selective breeding is extensively employed in cyprinid species to enhance specific traits like growth and disease resistance. In this context, we have discussed the efforts made to improve important cyprinid aquaculture practices through genetic and genomic approaches. The recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies and genomic tools have revolutionized the understanding of biological research. The generation of a complete genome and other genomic resources in cyprinid species has significantly strengthened molecular-level investigations into disease resistance, growth, reproduction, and adaptation to changing environments. We conducted a comprehensive review of genomic research in important cyprinid species, encompassing genome, transcriptome, proteome, metagenome, epigenome, etc. This review reveals that considerable data has been generated for cyprinid species. However, the seamless integration of this valuable data into genetic selection programs has yet to be achieved. In the upcoming years, genomic techniques, gene transfer, genome editing tools are expected to bring a paradigm shift in sustainable cyprinid aquaculture production. The comprehensive information presented here will offer insights for the cyprinid aquaculture research community.

Complete sequence and rearrangement of the mitochondrial genome of Garra qiaojiensis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

The complete mitochondrial sequence of Garra qiaojiensis was obtained by PCR. It was 17,096 bp in length and comprised 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 3 non-coding regions. Unlike the typical mitochondrial genome organization in vertebrate, the mitochondrial genome of G. qiaojiensis was characterized by the distinctive feature: translocation of the tRNA-Pro gene followed by a 258-bp tandem repeat non-coding region. The dinucleotide microsatellite (TA)n which is rather constant in the control region in Cypriniformes was scattered into the tandem repeat non-coding region in the G. qiaojiensis mitochondrial genome with the number of repeated units reduced.