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Bergström A, Stanton DWG, Taron UH, Frantz L, Sinding MHS, Ersmark E, Pfrengle S, Cassatt-Johnstone M, Lebrasseur O, Girdland-Flink L, Fernandes DM, Ollivier M, Speidel L, Gopalakrishnan S, Westbury MV, Ramos-Madrigal J, Feuerborn TR, Reiter E, Gretzinger J, Münzel SC, Swali P, Conard NJ, Carøe C, Haile J, Linderholm A, Androsov S, Barnes I, Baumann C, Benecke N, Bocherens H, Brace S, Carden RF, Drucker DG, Fedorov S, Gasparik M, Germonpré M, Grigoriev S, Groves P, Hertwig ST, Ivanova VV, Janssens L, Jennings RP, Kasparov AK, Kirillova IV, Kurmaniyazov I, Kuzmin YV, Kosintsev PA, Lázničková-Galetová M, Leduc C, Nikolskiy P, Nussbaumer M, O'Drisceoil C, Orlando L, Outram A, Pavlova EY, Perri AR, Pilot M, Pitulko VV, Plotnikov VV, Protopopov AV, Rehazek A, Sablin M, Seguin-Orlando A, Storå J, Verjux C, Zaibert VF, Zazula G, Crombé P, Hansen AJ, Willerslev E, Leonard JA, Götherström A, Pinhasi R, Schuenemann VJ, Hofreiter M, Gilbert MTP, Shapiro B, Larson G, Krause J, Dalén L, Skoglund P. Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs. Nature 2022; 607:313-320. [PMID: 35768506 PMCID: PMC9279150 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived1–8. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located. DNA from ancient wolves spanning 100,000 years sheds light on wolves’ evolutionary history and the genomic origin of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Bergström
- Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - David W G Stanton
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ulrike H Taron
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Laurent Frantz
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Palaeogenomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Mikkel-Holger S Sinding
- The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,The Qimmeq Project, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland.,Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Erik Ersmark
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saskia Pfrengle
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Molly Cassatt-Johnstone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ophélie Lebrasseur
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linus Girdland-Flink
- Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel M Fernandes
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Morgane Ollivier
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)-UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Leo Speidel
- Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Michael V Westbury
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tatiana R Feuerborn
- The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Qimmeq Project, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland.,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ella Reiter
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joscha Gretzinger
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne C Münzel
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pooja Swali
- Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Conard
- Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Carøe
- The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Haile
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Linderholm
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ian Barnes
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Chris Baumann
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hervé Bocherens
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Biogeology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selina Brace
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Ruth F Carden
- School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dorothée G Drucker
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Fedorov
- North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Pam Groves
- University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Stefan T Hertwig
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Richard P Jennings
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aleksei K Kasparov
- Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Kirillova
- Ice Age Museum, Shidlovskiy National Alliance 'Ice Age', Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Islam Kurmaniyazov
- Department of Archaeology, Ethnology and Museology, Al-Farabi Kazakh State University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Yaroslav V Kuzmin
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Pavel Nikolskiy
- Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Cóilín O'Drisceoil
- National Monuments Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse UMR 5288, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Alan Outram
- Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Elena Y Pavlova
- Arctic & Antarctic Research Institute, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Angela R Perri
- PaleoWest, Henderson, NV, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Małgorzata Pilot
- Museum & Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Vladimir V Pitulko
- Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Mikhail Sablin
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andaine Seguin-Orlando
- Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse UMR 5288, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jan Storå
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Victor F Zaibert
- Institute of Archaeology and Steppe Civilizations, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Grant Zazula
- Yukon Palaeontology Program, Whitehorse, Yukon Territories, Canada.,Collections and Research, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anders J Hansen
- The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eske Willerslev
- The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Anders Götherström
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena J Schuenemann
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,University Museum, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Greger Larson
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johannes Krause
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Love Dalén
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Skoglund
- Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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