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Sarkar UK, Kathirvelpandian A, Kantharajan G, Tyagi LK, Lakra WS. The concept of "state fishes of India": Current status, knowledge gaps, and strategic plans for conservation and sustainable utilization. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1675-1697. [PMID: 38530167 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The concept of "state fishes of India" highlights the importance and significance of the prioritized fish species distributed across various states within the country. This review article systematically documents the current status of state fishes from various perspectives, identifies the prevailing knowledge gaps, and also highlights the issues and strategic plans essential for the conservation and sustainable utilization of these valuable genetic resources. A total of 8357 publications were checked for the consolidated information on state fish species, and the appropriate items were selected under eight categories: biology, physiology and nutrition, aquaculture, habitat and environmental parameters, genetics and biotechnology, harvest and postharvest, fish health management, and others. The synthesized information was used to present the current status of research and development on state fish species. The knowledge gaps that are to be addressed are also depicted under the perspectives of fisheries management and conservation aquaculture. Based on the findings, strategic plans for the targeted conservation programmes are proposed and discussed under various in situ and ex situ conservation measures. Further, the departmental processes involved in the declaration, the importance of stakeholder involvement, namely, local communities and policymakers, in fostering effective conservation measures, and planning for utilization of these valuable fish genetic resources are also indicated.
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Jose A, Sukumaran S, Roul SK, Azeez PA, Kizhakudan SJ, Raj N, Nisha K, Gopalakrishnan A. Genetic analyses reveal panmixia in Indian waters and population subdivision across Indian Ocean and Indo-Malay Archipelago for Decapterus russelli. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22860. [PMID: 38129501 PMCID: PMC10739887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Indian Scad, Decapterus russelli is an important pelagic carangid widely distributed throughout the Indian Ocean and the Indo-West Pacific. Despite being widely distributed in the Indian Ocean, the information regarding genetic structuring and diversity has been lacking compared to its Indo Malay Archipelago counterparts. The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic stock structure of D. russelli based on mitochondrial (Cyt b) and nuclear (DrAldoB1) markers along Indian waters. The results indicated the presence of a single panmictic stock across the Indian Ocean region. High haplotype diversity associated with low nucleotide diversity suggested a population bottleneck followed by rapid population growth. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the absence of geographical clustering of lineages with the most common haplotype distributed globally. The pelagic life style, migratory capabilities, and larval dispersal may be the contributing factors to the observed spatial homogeneity of D. russelli. However, significant genetic differentiation was observed between the populations from Indian Ocean and Indo-Malay Archipelago. Hierarchical molecular variance analysis (AMOVA), pairwise FST comparisons and SAMOVA showed existence of two distinct genetic stocks of D. russelli in the Indian Ocean and IMA. The observed interpopulation genetic variation was high. A plausible explanation for the genetic differentiation observed between the Indo-Malay Archipelago and the Indian Ocean regions suggest the influence of historic isolation, ocean surface currents and biotic and abiotic features of the ocean. Also, there was a significant relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance between population pairs in a manner consistent with isolation-by-distance. These resulted in the evolution of a phylogeographic break for this species between these regions. The findings of these results suggest that D. russelli from the Indian Ocean shall be managed in its entire area of distribution as a single stock. Further, the Indian Ocean and Indo-Malayan stocks can be managed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaly Jose
- Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India.
- Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, Karnataka, 574199, India.
| | - Sandhya Sukumaran
- Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Subal Kumar Roul
- Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - P Abdul Azeez
- Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Shoba Joe Kizhakudan
- Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Neenu Raj
- Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - K Nisha
- Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - A Gopalakrishnan
- Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
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Mitochondrial DNA based diversity studies reveal distinct and sub-structured populations of pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) in Indian waters. J Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jaafar F, Na-Nakorn U, Srisapoome P, Amornsakun T, Duong TY, Gonzales-Plasus MM, Hoang DH, Parhar IS. A Current Update on the Distribution, Morphological Features, and Genetic Identity of the Southeast Asian Mahseers, Tor Species. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040286. [PMID: 33915909 PMCID: PMC8065745 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The mahseer, particularly the Tor species, is of significant cultural and economic importance as a high-value freshwater food fish in the Southeast (SE) Asian region. However, overexploitation of natural stocks because of high demand and their deteriorating habitat has resulted in a marked decline of Tor species in the wild. There are 13 Tor species that inhabit SE Asian rivers. All these species share distinct morphology, which is the presence of the median lobe. The unique characteristics, including body color, mouth position, and number of lateral scales, distinguish one species from another. Nonetheless, the taxonomy of the Tor species remains unstable and confusing, with contradictory data presented by different authors from different countries for a single Tor species. Therefore, in this review, we have gathered data for the SE Asian Tor species, outlining their distribution, morphology, and genetic identification. In addition, the present review also proposes a list of valid Tor species in the SE Asian region. The proposed list will serve as a standard and template for improving SE Asia’s Tor taxonomy, enhancing the study’s continuity, and a better understanding of specific Tor species. Abstract The king of rivers or mahseer comprises three genera: Tor, Neolissochilus, and Naziritor, under the Cyprinidae family. The Tor genus has been classified as the true mahseer due to the presence of a median lobe among the three genera. The Tor species are widely distributed across Southeast (SE) Asia, and 13 Tor species have been reported previously: Tor ater, Tor dongnaiensis, Tor douronensis, Tor laterivittatus, Tor mosal, Tor mekongensis, Tor putitora, Tor sinensis, Tor soro, Tor tambra, Tor tambroides, Tor tor and Tor yingjiangensis. However, the exact number of valid Tor species remains debatable. Different and unstandardized approaches of applying genetic markers in taxonomic identification and morphology variation within the same species have further widened the gap and ameliorated the instability of Tor species taxonomy. Therefore, synchronized and strategized research among Tor species researchers is urgently required to improve and fill the knowledge gap. This review is a current update of SE Asia’s Tor species, outlining their distribution, morphology, and genetic identification. In addition, the present review proposes that there are ten valid Tor species in the SE Asian region. This list will serve as a template and standard to improve the taxonomy of the SE Asian Tor species, which could serve as a basis to open new directions in Tor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizul Jaafar
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Uthairat Na-Nakorn
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (U.N.-N.); (P.S.)
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (U.N.-N.); (P.S.)
| | - Thumronk Amornsakun
- Department of Technology and Industries, Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand;
| | - Thuy-Yen Duong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 94000, Vietnam;
| | - Maria Mojena Gonzales-Plasus
- College of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, Puerto Princesa Campus, Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa City 5300, Philippines;
| | - Duc-Huy Hoang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ishwar S. Parhar
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-5514-6304
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Li J, Xue L, Cao M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xu S, Zheng B, Lou Z. Gill transcriptomes reveal expression changes of genes related with immune and ion transport under salinity stress in silvery pomfret (Pampus argenteus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1255-1277. [PMID: 32162151 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major ecological factor in the marine environment, and extremely important for the survival, development, and growth of fish. In this study, gill transcriptomes were examined by high-throughput sequencing at three different salinities (12 ppt as low salinity, 22 ppt as control salinity, and 32 ppt as high salinity) in an importantly economical fish silvery pomfret. A total of 187 genes were differentially expressed, including 111 up-regulated and 76 down-regulated transcripts in low-salinity treatment group and 107 genes differentially expressed, including 74 up-regulated and 33 down-regulated transcripts in high-salinity treatment group compared with the control group, respectively. Some pathways including NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor pathway, cardiac muscle contraction, and vascular smooth muscle contraction were significantly enriched. qPCR analysis further confirmed that mRNA expression levels of immune (HSP90A, IL-1β, TNFα, TLR2, IP-10, MIG, CCL19, and IL-11) and ion transport-related genes (WNK2, NPY2R, CFTR, and SLC4A2) significantly changed under salinity stress. Low salinity stress caused more intensive expression changes of immune-related genes than high salinity. These results imply that salinity stress may affect immune function in addition to regulating osmotic pressure in silvery pomfret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 169 Qixing South Road, Meishan Bonded Port, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyi Xue
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 169 Qixing South Road, Meishan Bonded Port, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingyue Cao
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 169 Qixing South Road, Meishan Bonded Port, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 169 Qixing South Road, Meishan Bonded Port, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 169 Qixing South Road, Meishan Bonded Port, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanliang Xu
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 169 Qixing South Road, Meishan Bonded Port, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxiao Zheng
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 169 Qixing South Road, Meishan Bonded Port, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjia Lou
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 169 Qixing South Road, Meishan Bonded Port, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Sajeela KA, Gopalakrishnan A, Basheer VS, Mandal A, Bineesh KK, Grinson G, Gopakumar SD. New insights from nuclear and mitochondrial markers on the genetic diversity and structure of the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus among the marginal seas in the Indian Ocean. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 136:53-64. [PMID: 30954588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation in wild stocks of a major commercial shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus, from the marginal seas in the Indian Ocean was analysed using polymorphic microsatellite loci and mitochondrial COI gene. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.44 ± 0.02) and the expected heterozygosity (He = 0.73 ± 0.01) were high across loci and populations indicating high microsatellite variation. Pairwise FST and Bayesian clustering indicated the occurrence of four genetically distinct stocks out of the eight sampled populations with implications for specific management approaches. Mantel test for isolation by distance proved that genetic differentiation is not related to geographic distance between populations. Mitochondrial COI sequence analysis showed concordant differentiation pattern as well indicated the relevance of COI in population genetics of shrimps. Pairwise ɸST and phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses revealed four distinct clades, as observed with nuclear markers. Divergence time analysis revealed the origin and initial divergence of F. indicus corresponds to late Miocene and divergence to phylogroups in the Pleistocene. BSP analysis presented a long stable population size with a slight decrease in the late Pleistocene and gradually expanded to the current status. The information here will be useful in commercial shrimp breeding and selection programmes and management of natural stocks of Indian white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sajeela
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682 018, Kerala, India.
| | - A Gopalakrishnan
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682 018, Kerala, India
| | - V S Basheer
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources (PMFGR) Centre-NBFGR, CMFRI, Kochi 682 018, Kerala, India
| | - A Mandal
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA), Sirkali 609 113, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K K Bineesh
- Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair 744 102, India
| | - G Grinson
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682 018, Kerala, India
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Gopalakrishnan A, Vineesh N, Ismail S, Menon M, Akhilesh KV, Jeena NS, Paulton MP, Vijayagopal P. Mitochondrial signatures revealed panmixia in Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål 1775). J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vineesh N, Kathirvelpandian A, Divya PR, Mohitha C, Basheer VS, Gopalakrishnan A, Jena JK. Hints for panmixia in Scomberomorus commerson in Indian waters revealed by mitochondrial ATPase 6 and 8 genes. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:2822-4. [PMID: 26104155 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1053084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Scomberomorus commerson is an economically important migratory fish distributed worldwide. The genetic stock structure of S. commerson distributed along the Indian waters was identified using mitochondrial ATPase 6 and 8 genes. A total of 842 bp sequence of ATPase 6/8 genes obtained in this study revealed 23 haplotypes with mean low nucleotide diversity and high haplotype diversity. Co-efficient of genetic differentiation (FST) values obtained for pair wise populations were low and non-significant with an overall value of -0.02074. The high haplotype and low nucleotide diversity values together with mismatch distribution analysis suggested a history of genetic bottleneck events or founder effect, with subsequent population expansion in S. commerson. The findings of the present study indicated the panmixia nature of the species which can be managed as a unit stock in Indian waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vineesh
- a Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, NBFGR, CMFRI Campus , Cochin , Kerala , India
| | - A Kathirvelpandian
- a Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, NBFGR, CMFRI Campus , Cochin , Kerala , India
| | - P R Divya
- a Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, NBFGR, CMFRI Campus , Cochin , Kerala , India
| | - C Mohitha
- a Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, NBFGR, CMFRI Campus , Cochin , Kerala , India
| | - V S Basheer
- a Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, NBFGR, CMFRI Campus , Cochin , Kerala , India
| | - A Gopalakrishnan
- b Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute , Cochin , Kerala , India , and
| | - J K Jena
- c National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Joy L, Mohitha C, Divya PR, Gopalakrishnan A, Basheer VS, Jena JK. Weak genetic differentiation in cobia, Rachycentron canadum from Indian waters as inferred from mitochondrial DNA ATPase 6 and 8 genes. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:2819-21. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1053083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linu Joy
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Cochin, Kerala, India,
| | - C. Mohitha
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Cochin, Kerala, India,
| | - P. R. Divya
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Cochin, Kerala, India,
| | - A. Gopalakrishnan
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, Kerala, India, and
| | - V. S. Basheer
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Cochin, Kerala, India,
| | - J. K. Jena
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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