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Cruz ACP, Ferrasa A, Muotri AR, Herai RH. Frequency and association of mitochondrial genetic variants with neurological disorders. Mitochondrion 2018; 46:345-360. [PMID: 30218715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are small cytosolic organelles and the main source of energy production for the cells, especially in the brain. This organelle has its own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and genetic variants in this molecule can alter the normal energy metabolism in the brain, contributing to the development of a wide assortment of Neurological Disorders (ND), including neurodevelopmental syndromes, neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. These ND are comprised by a heterogeneous group of syndromes and diseases that encompass different cognitive phenotypes and behavioral disorders, such as autism, Asperger's syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Huntington disease, Leigh Syndrome and bipolar disorder. In this work we carried out a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify and describe the mitochondrial genetic variants associated with the occurrence of ND. Most of genetic variants found in mtDNA were associated with Single Nucleotide Polimorphisms (SNPs), ~79%, with ~15% corresponding to deletions, ~3% to Copy Number Variations (CNVs), ~2% to insertions and another 1% included mtDNA replication problems and genetic rearrangements. We also found that most of the variants were associated with coding regions of mitochondrial proteins but were also found in regulatory transcripts (tRNA and rRNA) and in the D-Loop replication region of the mtDNA. After analysis of mtDNA deletions and CNV, none of them occur in the D-Loop region. This SLR shows that all transcribed mtDNA molecules have mutations correlated with ND. Finally, we describe that all mtDNA variants found were associated with deterioration of cognitive (dementia) and intellectual functions, learning disabilities, developmental delays, and personality and behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina P Cruz
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory (LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine (PPGCS), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Adriano Ferrasa
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory (LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine (PPGCS), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil; Department of Informatics (DEINFO), Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92037-0695, USA
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory (LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine (PPGCS), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil; Lico Kaesemodel Institute (ILK), Curitiba, Paraná 80240-000, Brazil.
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Weerasinghe CAL, Bui BHT, Vu TT, Nguyen HLT, Phung BK, Nguyen VM, Pham VA, Cao VH, Phan TN. Leigh syndrome T8993C mitochondrial DNA mutation: Heteroplasmy and the first clinical presentation in a Vietnamese family. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6919-6925. [PMID: 29512743 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a rare inherited, heterogeneous and progressive neurometabolic disorder that is mainly caused by specific mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The present study reported a case of childhood Leigh syndrome with a point mutation at bp 8,993 in the mitochondrial ATPase6 gene. A 21‑month‑old male child had developed epilepsy, muscular weakness and vomiting, which was accompanied by high fever. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated typical characteristics of Leigh syndrome, including a symmetric abnormal signal in the dorsal medulla oblongata and Sylvian fissure enlargement in association with an abnormal signal in the periventricular white matter and in the putamina and caudate heads. The diagnosis was further supported with genetic tests including polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), sequencing, and quantitative PCR. The patient was found to carry a mitochondrial T8993C (m.T8993C) mutation in peripheral blood with 94.00±1.34% heteroplasmy. Eight of his relatives were also subjected to quantification of the m.T8993C mutation. The percentages of heteroplasmy in samples taken from the grandmother, mother, aunt, cousin 1, and cousin 2 were 16.33±1.67, 66.81±0.85, 71.66±3.22, 87.00±1.79, and 91.24±2.50%, respectively. The mutation was not found in samples taken from the father, the husband of the aunt, or the grandfather of the patient. The obtained data showed that the mutation was maternally inherited and accumulated through generations. Even though the heteroplasmy levels of his mother, aunt, cousin 1, and cousin 2 were relatively high (66.81‑91.24%), they remained asymptomatic, indicating that the threshold at which this mutation shows effects is high. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of Leigh syndrome in a Vietnamese individual harboring a mtDNA mutation at the 8,993 bp site, and showing a correlation between the heteroplasmy and clinical phenotype. These findings may be useful in helping to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of Leigh syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bich-Hong Thi Bui
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thu Thi Vu
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hong-Loan Thi Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Bao-Khanh Phung
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van-Minh Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van-Anh Pham
- Department of Neurology, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Vu-Hung Cao
- Department of Neurology, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tuan-Nghia Phan
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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Dai Y, Wang C, Nie Z, Han J, Chen T, Zhao X, Ai C, Ji Y, Gao T, Jiang P. Mutation analysis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy using a multi-gene panel. Biomed Rep 2017; 8:51-58. [PMID: 29387390 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the spectrum and incidence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in a Han population using a multi-gene panel with 46 LHON-associated mutations among 13 mitochondrial genes. A total of 23 mutations were observed in a cohort of 275 patients and 281 control subjects using multi-gene panel analysis. The causative mutations associated with LHON were identified to be m.11778G>A, m.14484T>C, m.3460 G>A, m.3635G>A, m.3866T>C and m.3733G>A, responsible for 70.55% cases in the patient cohort. The secondary mutations in the Chinese LHON population were m.12811T>C, m.11696 G>A, m.3316G>A, m.3394T>C, m.14502T>C, m.3497C>T, m.3571C>T, m.12338T>C, m.14693A>G, m.4216T>C and m.15951A>G, with incidences of 5.09, 4.36, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 2.55, 1.82, 1.82, 1.45, 1.09 and 1.09%, respectively. Besides three hotspot genes, MT-ND1, MT-ND4 and MT-ND6, MT-ND5 also had a high incidence of secondary mutations. Those mutations reported as rare causative mutations in a European LHON population, m.3376G>A, m.3700G>A and m.4171C>A, m.10663T>C, m.13051G>A, m.14482C>G/A, m.14495A>G and m.14568C>T were undetected in the present study. The primary and secondary mutations associated with LHON in the present multi-gene panel will advance the current understanding of the clinical phenotype of LHON, and provide useful information for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University, and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Nie
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University, and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jiamin Han
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University, and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University, and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Ai
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University, and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Ji
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Tao Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University, and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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