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Lucon-Xiccato T, Bertolucci C. Inhibitory control in zebrafish, Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:416-423. [PMID: 32402095 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether zebrafish, Danio rerio, display inhibitory control using a simple and rapid behavioural test. Zebrafish were exposed to a prey stimulus placed inside a transparent tube, which initially elicited attack behaviour. However, zebrafish showed a rapid reduction in the number of attacks towards the prey, which indicated the ability to inhibit their foraging behaviour. Zebrafish also exhibited mnemonic retention of foraging inhibition, as indicated by a reduced number of attacks in a subsequent exposure to the unreachable prey. The ability to inhibit the foraging behaviour varied across three genetically separated wild-type strains and across different individuals within strains, suggesting that zebrafish show heritable within-species differences in inhibitory control. Our behavioural test might be suitable for screening large zebrafish populations in mutational studies and assessing the effects of pharmacologically active substances on inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Johnson SL, Zellhuber-McMillan S, Gillum J, Dunleavy J, Evans JP, Nakagawa S, Gemmell NJ. Evidence that fertility trades off with early offspring fitness as males age. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2174. [PMID: 29367392 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of ageing predict that sperm function and fertility should decline with age as sperm are exposed to free radical damage and mutation accumulation. However, theory also suggests that mating with older males should be beneficial for females because survival to old age is a demonstration of a male's high genetic and/or phenotypic quality. Consequently, declines in sperm fitness may be offset by indirect fitness benefits exhibited in offspring. While numerous studies have investigated age-based declines in male fertility, none has taken the integrated approach of studying age-based effects on both male fertility and offspring fitness. Here, using a cohort-based longitudinal study of zebrafish (Danio rerio), we report a decline in male mating success and fertility with male age but also compensating indirect benefits. Using in vitro fertilization, we show that offspring from older males exhibit superior early survival compared to those from their youngest counterparts. These findings suggest that the high offspring fitness observed for the subset of males that survive to an old age (approx. 51% in this study) may represent compensating benefits for declining fertility with age, thus challenging widely held views about the fitness costs of mating with older males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand .,Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,Allan Wilson Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Joanne Gillum
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Dunleavy
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan P Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Neil J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,Allan Wilson Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Jørgensen TE, Karlsen BO, Emblem Å, Breines R, Andreassen M, Rounge TB, Nederbragt AJ, Jakobsen KS, Nymark M, Ursvik A, Coucheron DH, Jakt LM, Nordeide JT, Moum T, Johansen SD. Mitochondrial genome variation of Atlantic cod. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:397. [PMID: 29921324 PMCID: PMC6009815 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyse intraspecific sequence variation of Atlantic cod mitochondrial DNA, based on a comprehensive collection of completely sequenced mitochondrial genomes. RESULTS We determined the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of 124 cod specimens from the eastern and western part of the species' distribution range in the North Atlantic Ocean. All specimens harboured a unique mitochondrial DNA haplotype. Nine hundred and fifty-two polymorphic sites were identified, including 109 non-synonymous sites within protein coding regions. Eighteen variable sites were identified as indels, exclusively distributed in structural RNA genes and non-coding regions. Phylogeographic analyses based on 156 available cod mitochondrial genomes did not reveal a clear structure. There was a lack of mitochondrial genetic differentiation between two ecotypes of cod in the eastern North Atlantic, but eastern and western cod were differentiated and mitochondrial genome diversity was higher in the eastern than the western Atlantic, suggesting deviating population histories. The geographic distribution of mitochondrial genome variation seems to be governed by demographic processes and gene flow among ecotypes that are otherwise characterized by localized genomic divergence associated with chromosomal inversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Erik Jørgensen
- Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - Bård Ove Karlsen
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Åse Emblem
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ragna Breines
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Morten Andreassen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trine B Rounge
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Syntheses (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander J Nederbragt
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Syntheses (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetill S Jakobsen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Syntheses (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Nymark
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anita Ursvik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dag H Coucheron
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Martin Jakt
- Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - Jarle T Nordeide
- Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - Truls Moum
- Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - Steinar D Johansen
- Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway.
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