Lipase release through semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on chitosan, acrylamide, and citraconic acid

Lipid metabolites abnormally expressed in pelvic fluid as potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer: A case-control study

BACKGROUND

Ovarian cancer is insidious and usually detected in advanced stages of the disease. As the ovaries are pelvic organs, changes in their pelvic fluid metabolites may be associated with ovarian cancer.

METHODS

Metabolomic changes in the pelvic fluid were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in patients with ovarian cancer, ovarian cysts and uterine fibroids. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of lipid metabolites and blood tumor indices. The Pearson correlation algorithm was used to analyze the correlation between clinical characteristics and lipid metabolites in ovarian cancer patients.

RESULTS

There were 24 lipid metabolites significantly changed in the pelvic fluid of ovarian cancer patients (p < 0.05). Palmitoylcarnitine, lipoamide, lipid metabolites, and blood tumor indices (CA15-3 and CA125) showed AUC > 0.8, with palmitoylcarnitine reaching a high of 0.942. In addition, we found that some lipid metabolites were significantly associated with the clinical stage, abdominal water volume, lymphatic metastasis, and recurrence (p < 0.05, r > 0.5).

CONCLUSION

Levels of specific lipid metabolites are potential biomarkers of ovarian cancer and may play a key role in the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of ovarian cancer.

SIGNIFICANCE

Our results showed that pelvic metabolites, especially some lipid metabolites, play an important role in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Meanwhile, partial lipid metabolites were closely associated with the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it provides a potential approach that is more effective for ovarian cancer detection.

Metabolomics analysis of the metabolic effects of citric acid on Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4

In current research, yeast species Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4 was shown to be capable of degrading citric acid, especially in the processing of fruit juice and wine. I. terricola WJL-G4 was able to use citric acid as a carbon source, but the metabolic effects of citric acid on yeast remained unclear. In this study, the metabolic effects of citric acid on I. terricola WJL-G4 were studied using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics technology, with glucose treatment as the control. Results showed that organic acid contents related to the extracellular tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) varied greatly. The metabolomics results indicated that I. terricola WJL-G4 might metabolize citric acid through the TCA pathway, and the glycolysis pathway might be inhibited; however, gluconeogenesis proceeded normally during citric acid treatment. Some fatty acids and phospholipids, along with the metabolic pathways of amino acids, vitamins, purines and nicotinamide in I. terricola WJL-G4 were also affected by the citric acid treatment. This work provided a theoretical basis for further study of the mechanism of yeast metabolism of citric acid.

A Comprehensive Review of Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels as Promising Biomaterials

Polysaccharides have emerged as a promising material for hydrogel preparation due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cost. This review focuses on polysaccharide-based hydrogels' synthesis, characterization, and applications. The various synthetic methods used to prepare polysaccharide-based hydrogels are discussed. The characterization techniques are also highlighted to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of polysaccharide-based hydrogels. Finally, the applications of SAPs in various fields are discussed, along with their potential benefits and limitations. Due to environmental concerns, this review shows a growing interest in developing bio-sourced hydrogels made from natural materials such as polysaccharides. SAPs have many beneficial properties, including good mechanical and morphological properties, thermal stability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, abundance, economic viability, and good swelling ability. However, some challenges remain to be overcome, such as limiting the formulation complexity of some SAPs and establishing a general protocol for calculating their water absorption and retention capacity. Furthermore, the development of SAPs requires a multidisciplinary approach and research should focus on improving their synthesis, modification, and characterization as well as exploring their potential applications. Biocompatibility, biodegradation, and the regulatory approval pathway of SAPs should be carefully evaluated to ensure their safety and efficacy.

Different strategies for the lipase immobilization on the chitosan based supports and their applications

Immobilized enzymes have received incredible interests in industry, pharmaceuticals, chemistry and biochemistry sectors due to their various advantages such as ease of separation, multiple reusability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, high activity and resistant to environmental changes. This review in between various immobilized enzymes focuses on lipase as one of the most practical enzyme and chitosan as a preferred biosupport for lipase immobilization and provides a broad range of studies of recent decade. We highlight several aspects of lipase immobilization on the surface of chitosan support containing various types of lipase and immobilization techniques from physical adsorption to covalent bonding and cross-linking with their benefits and drawbacks. The recent advances and future perspectives that can improve the present problems with lipase and chitosan such as high-price of lipase and low mechanical resistance of chitosan are also discussed. According to the literature, optimization of immobilization methods, combination of these methods with other techniques, physical and chemical modifications of chitosan, co-immobilization and protein engineering can be useful as a solution to overcome the mentioned limitations.

Controlled delivery of the popular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, paracetamol, from chitosan-g-polyacrylamide microspheres prepared by the emulsion crosslinking technique

In this paper, chitosan-graft-polyacrylamide (CS-g-PAAm) microspheres as drug delivery matrices of paracetamol were prepared by the emulsion crosslinking technique, using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. Graft copolymer of chitosan with acrylamide was synthesized using cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN). The microspheres formed had average particle sizes in the range of 78-252 μm. Paracetamol entrapment efficiency was found to vary between 31.89% and 72.61%, as determined by UV spectroscopy. Drug release in acidic and phosphate buffer solutions (pH 1.2 and 7.4) of the CS-g-PAAm microspheres was influenced by formulation factors such as the concentration of CS-g-PAAm, the paracetamol/polymer ratio (w/w), and the amount of crosslinker.