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Mazzotti A, Viglione V, Gerardi S, Bonelli S, Zielli S, Geraci G, Faldini C. Post-operative management after total ankle arthroplasty: A systematic review of the literature. Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 28:535-542. [PMID: 34088605 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no consensus on the most appropriate post-operative management for patients undergoing total ankle arthroplasty. The aim of this study is therefore to offer a systematic review of the pertaining literature to identify current post-operative protocols and describe possible differences. METHODS A systematic review to identify recent studies concerning the post-operative management after total ankle arthroplasty was conducted. Five topics were analyzed: length of hospital stay, type and duration of immobilization, weight-bearing management, post-operative pharmacological therapies, adopted rehabilitation scheme. RESULTS Eighty-four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review process. Most of the papers appear to have conflicting opinions with no consensus and homogeneous protocols. CONCLUSION Due to various methodological limitations, it is not possible to provide sufficiently supported evidence-based recommendations, and it is therefore difficult to determine the superiority of one post-operative protocol over the others after total ankle arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazzotti
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Giulio Cesare Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - V Viglione
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Giulio Cesare Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Gerardi
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Giulio Cesare Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Bonelli
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Giulio Cesare Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Zielli
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Giulio Cesare Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Geraci
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Giulio Cesare Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Faldini
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Giulio Cesare Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123, Bologna, Italy
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Zambelli R, Bastos MD, Rezende SM. Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Ankle and Foot Surgeries. Rev Bras Ortop 2020; 56:697-704. [PMID: 34900096 PMCID: PMC8651438 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is among the most feared complications by orthopedists both for due to its potentially lethal outcome and the uncertainties related to its prevention. Despite the vast literature on VTE prevention in major orthopedic surgeries, little is known about it in ankle and foot procedures. In orthopedics, adequate thromboprophylaxis requires a careful assessment of the thrombotic and hemorrhagic risks based on the procedure to be performed, as well as and knowledge on anticoagulant agents. The presentis review has the goal of assessing the risk of developingdiscusses VTE risk assessment, the modalities of thromboprophylaxis modalities, and the drugs used, with an emphasis on foot and ankle surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zambelli
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Serviço de Ortopedia, Rede Mater Dei de Saúde, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marcos de Bastos
- Assessoria de Políticas de Saúde e Informações (ASPASI), Hospital Governador Israel Pinheiro (HGIP), Instituto de Previdência dos Servidores do Estado de Minas Gerais (IPSEMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Faculdade da Saúde e Ecologia Humana (FASEH), Vespasiano, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Suely Meireles Rezende
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Jupiter DC, Saenz F, Mileski W, Shibuya N. Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Foot and Ankle Trauma in the National Trauma Data Bank: An Update and Reanalysis. J Foot Ankle Surg 2019; 58:1152-1162. [PMID: 31543380 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The data regarding rates of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after foot and ankle trauma remain sparse. In this study of the National Trauma Data Bank Data set (2007-2009 and 2010-2016), these rates were reexamined and risk factors associated with these complications were assessed. Data quality is improved in the later data set; the incidence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was 0.28% and 0.21%, respectively, in the 2010-2016 data. Prophylaxis, male gender, treatment in a university hospital, open reduction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hypertension were notable significant risk factors for pulmonary embolism. For deep venous thrombosis, male gender, bleeding disorder, angina, and prophylaxis were risk factors. Careful, individualized assessment of the risk factors associated with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is important, and the merits of routine prophylaxis remain in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Jupiter
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Associate Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
| | - Florentino Saenz
- Student, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - William Mileski
- Chief, Trauma Services and Co-Director, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Trauma Division, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Naohiro Shibuya
- Professor, Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Round Rock, TX; Chief, Section of Podiatry, Department of Surgery, Central Texas Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Temple, TX; Professor, Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX
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Ahmad J, Lynch MK, Maltenfort M. Incidence and Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism After Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery. Foot Ankle Spec 2017; 10:449-454. [PMID: 28413884 DOI: 10.1177/1938640017704944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the incidence and risk of postoperative symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) after orthopaedic foot/ankle surgery. MATERIALS Patients that received foot/ankle surgery between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were surgical patients that were without coagulopathy, previous VTE, and/or using anticoagulation medications including aspirin. Age, sex, body mass index, medical comorbidities, and surgical diagnosis and procedure(s) were noted. Records were reviewed to see who developed a symptomatic VTE within 90 days from surgery. RESULTS This study involved 2774 patients that received foot/ankle surgery between 2006 and 2016. Of them, 22 (0.79%) developed a VTE within 90 days from surgery. The mean age of these patients was 49.5 years. Twelve patients were male and 10 were female. Sixteen patients were obese and 6 were nonobese. Postoperative VTEs were 14 infrapopliteal deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 1 suprapopliteal DVT, and 7 pulmonary emboli. The most common surgeries involved were ankle fracture repair in 8 (0.29%), Achilles tendon repair in 2 (0.07%), ankle ligament reconstruction in 2, and hammer-toe correction in 2 patients. Obesity was predictive of a postoperative VTE to a statistically significant degree (P = .04). Age, sex, medical comorbidities, diagnosis, and type of surgery were not significantly prognostic for a postsurgical VTE (P ≥ .05). DISCUSSION The incidence of VTE after foot/ankle surgery is low. However, obese patients are at significantly higher risk for VTE after such procedures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings are important when educating patients as to their risks of developing a VTE after orthopaedic foot/ankle surgery. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level III: Retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ahmad
- Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery, NorthShore Orthopaedic Institute, NorthShore University Health System, Lincolnshire, Illinois (JA).,Rothman Institute Orthopaedics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MKL, MM)
| | - Mary-Katherine Lynch
- Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery, NorthShore Orthopaedic Institute, NorthShore University Health System, Lincolnshire, Illinois (JA).,Rothman Institute Orthopaedics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MKL, MM)
| | - Mitchell Maltenfort
- Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery, NorthShore Orthopaedic Institute, NorthShore University Health System, Lincolnshire, Illinois (JA).,Rothman Institute Orthopaedics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MKL, MM)
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6
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Meyr AJ, Mirmiran R, Naldo J, Sachs BD, Shibuya N. American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons ® Clinical Consensus Statement: Perioperative Management. J Foot Ankle Surg 2017; 56:336-356. [PMID: 28231966 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of factors contribute to the complexity of the management plan for an individual patient, and it is the surgeon's responsibility to consider the clinical variables and to guide the patient through the perioperative period. In an effort to address a number of important variables, the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons convened a panel of experts to derive a clinical consensus statement to address selected issues associated with the perioperative management of foot and ankle surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Meyr
- Committee Chairperson and Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | | | - Jason Naldo
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA
| | - Brett D Sachs
- Private Practice, Rocky Mountain Foot & Ankle Center, Wheat Ridge, CO; Faculty, Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Program, Highlands-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - Naohiro Shibuya
- Professor, Department of Surgery, Texas A&M, College of Medicine, Temple, TX
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Calder JDF, Freeman R, Domeij-Arverud E, van Dijk CN, Ackermann PW. Meta-analysis and suggested guidelines for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in foot and ankle surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:1409-20. [PMID: 26988553 PMCID: PMC4823373 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform a meta-analysis investigating venous thromboembolism (VTE) following isolated foot and ankle surgery and propose guidelines for VTE prevention in this group of patients. METHODS Following a PRISMA compliant search, 372 papers were identified and meta-analysis performed on 22 papers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine level of evidence. RESULTS 43,381 patients were clinically assessed for VTE and the incidence with and without chemoprophylaxis was 0.6% (95% CI 0.4-0.8%) and 1% (95% CI 0.2-1.7%), respectively. 1666 Patients were assessed radiologically and the incidence of VTE with and without chemoprophylaxis was 12.5% (95% CI 6.8-18.2%) and 10.5% (95% CI 5.0-15.9%), respectively. There was no significant difference in the rates of VTE with or without chemoprophylaxis whether assessed clinically or by radiological criteria. The risk of VTE in those patients with Achilles tendon rupture was greater with a clinical incidence of 7% (95% CI 5.5-8.5%) and radiological incidence of 35.3% (95% CI 26.4-44.3%). CONCLUSION Isolated foot and ankle surgery has a lower incidence of clinically apparent VTE when compared to general lower limb procedures, and this rate is not significantly reduced using low molecular weight heparin. The incidence of VTE following Achilles tendon rupture is high whether treated surgically or conservatively. With the exception of those with Achilles tendon rupture, routine use of chemical VTE prophylaxis is not justified in those undergoing isolated foot and ankle surgery, but patient-specific risk factors for VTE should be used to assess patients individually. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. F. Calder
- The Fortius Clinic, London, UK ,The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Trust, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | - C. Niek van Dijk
- Orthopaedic Department, Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul W. Ackermann
- Orthopaedic Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden ,Institution of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Guss D, DiGiovanni CW. Venous Thromboembolic Disease in Foot and Ankle Surgery. JBJS Rev 2015; 3:01874474-201512000-00006. [PMID: 27490995 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.o.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Guss
- Foot and Ankle Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Newton-Wellesley Hospital, 52 2nd Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451
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Berwin JT, Burton TMW, Taylor J, McGregor AH, Roche A. Plantar loading forces while walking in a below-knee cast with an attached loadbearing frame. Foot Ankle Int 2015; 36:722-9. [PMID: 25712122 DOI: 10.1177/1071100715572258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We measured loading forces across different points of the plantar foot surface to examine how different types of casts affect load distribution through the foot and ankle. The patella tendon-bearing (PTB) or Sarmiento cast is the current "gold-standard" casting method for offloading force through the foot and ankle. We aimed to determine if a rocker bottom frame attached to a below-knee cast (Beagle Böhler Walker) would be as effective or better at reducing load distribution during full weightbearing. METHOD We applied TekScan FlexiForce A201 force sensors to the first and fifth metatarsal heads and the plantar surface of the calcaneus of 14 healthy volunteers. All volunteers had force measurements taken without a cast applied and then with a traditional Sarmiento cast, a standard below-knee cast, and a below-knee cast with the Böhler Walker frame fitted. RESULTS Compared with a standard below-knee cast, the Böhler Walker frame reduced the mean peak force through the head of the first metatarsal by 58.9% (P < .0001), 73.1% through the head of the fifth metatarsal (P < .0001), and 32.2% (P < .0001) through the calcaneus. The Sarmiento cast demonstrated a mean percentage reduction in peak force of 8.6% (P = .39) and 4.4% (P = .87) through the first and fifth metatarsal heads, respectively, but increased the mean peak force by 5.9% (P = .54) through the calcaneus. CONCLUSION Using a Böhler Walker frame applied to a below-knee cast significantly reduced weight transfer through the foot compared with a Sarmiento cast or standard below-knee cast. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This reduction in force through the foot could mean early weightbearing would be safer in patients with a wide variety of foot and ankle pathologies such as ankle fractures or operative fixations. This may reduce the incidence of immobility-dependent morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Theo Berwin
- The Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, The Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Taylor
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Alison H McGregor
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Andy Roche
- The Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, The Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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Basques BA, Miller CP, Golinvaux NS, Bohl DD, Grauer JN. Morbidity and readmission after open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures are associated with preoperative patient characteristics. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:1133-9. [PMID: 25337977 PMCID: PMC4317425 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-4005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle fractures are common and can be associated with severe morbidity. Risk factors for short-term adverse events and readmission after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle fractures have not been fully characterized. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The purpose of our study was to determine patient rates and risk factors for (1) any adverse event; (2) severe adverse events; (3) infectious complications; and (4) readmission after ORIF of ankle fractures. METHODS Patients who underwent ORIF for ankle fracture from 2005 to 2012 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP(®)) database using International Classification of Diseases, 9(th) Revision and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Patients with missing perioperative data were excluded from this study. Patient characteristics were tested for association with any adverse event, severe adverse events, infectious complications, and readmission using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 4412 patients identified, 5% had an adverse event. Any adverse event was associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM; odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-3.1; p = 0.001), age ≥ 60 years (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.22-3.2; p = 0.006), American Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥ 3 (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.2-2.37; p = 0.002), bimalleolar fracture (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.08-2.37; p = 0.020), hypertension (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.04-2.09; p = 0.031), and dependent functional status (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.02-2.14; p = 0.040) on multivariate analysis. Severe adverse events occurred in 3.56% and were associated with ASA classification ≥ 3 (OR, 2.01; p = 0.001), pulmonary disease (OR, 1.9; p = 0.004), dependent functional status (OR, 1.8; p = 0.005), and hypertension (OR, 1.65; p = 0.021). Infectious complications occurred in 1.75% and were associated with IDDM (OR, 3.51; p < 0.001), dependent functional status (OR, 2.4; p = 0.002), age ≥ 60 years (OR, 2.28; p = 0.028), and bimalleolar fracture (OR, 2.19; p = 0.030). Readmission occurred in 3.17% and was associated with ASA classification ≥ 3 (OR, 2.01; p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS IDDM was associated with an increased rate of adverse events after ankle fracture ORIF, whereas noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was not. IDDM management deserves future study, particularly with respect to glycemic control, a potential confounder that could not be assessed with the ACS-NSQIP registry. Increased ASA class was associated with readmission, and future prospective investigations should evaluate the effectiveness of increasing the discharge threshold, discharging to extended-care facilities, and/or home nursing evaluations in this at-risk population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, prognostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A. Basques
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 800 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Christopher P. Miller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 800 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Nicholas S. Golinvaux
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 800 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Daniel D. Bohl
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 800 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Jonathan N. Grauer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 800 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
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Barg A, Barg K, Schneider SW, Pagenstert G, Gloyer M, Henninger HB, Valderrabano V. Thrombembolic complications after total ankle replacement. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2013; 6:328-335. [PMID: 24078351 PMCID: PMC4094097 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-013-9186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The literature addressing functional outcome and survivorship of prosthesis components is constantly growing. However, the data on thromboprophylaxis and thrombembolic complications in patients who underwent TAR are scarce. A total of 31 studies were included in the systemic literature review. The incidence of thrombembolic complications varied between 0.0 % and 9.8 %. Most commonly, low molecular weight heparin was used as thromboprophylaxis for 6 weeks postoperatively. The incidence of thrombembolic complications was comparable with that of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients with total knee or hip replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexej Barg
- Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland,
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12
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Thrombembolische Komplikationen nach Sprunggelenkprothesenimplantation. DER ORTHOPADE 2013; 42:948-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00132-013-2173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hentges MJ, Peterson KS, Catanzariti AR, Mendicino RW. Venous thromboembolism and foot and ankle surgery: current updates 2012. Foot Ankle Spec 2012; 5:401-7. [PMID: 23074296 DOI: 10.1177/1938640012463057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Significant patient morbidity and mortality is associated with the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following orthopedic surgery. The majority of the literature supports proper prophylaxis following major orthopedic surgery involving hip and knee procedures. Foot and ankle surgery, however, is starkly contrasted because of the lack of recommendations. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the risk factors and incidence of VTE in foot and ankle surgery while also outlining the newest literature guidelines for prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hentges
- Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, The Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kadous A, Abdelgawad AA, Kanlic E. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after surgical treatment of ankle fractures: a case report and review of literature. J Foot Ankle Surg 2012; 51:457-63. [PMID: 22632837 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are major complications that can occur after ankle injuries. We present the case of a patient with an ankle fracture who developed deep vein thrombosis and massive pulmonary embolism after surgical treatment of the ankle fracture. A review of the published data on this topic is presented. The treating physician should assess patients with ankle fracture for their risk of developing a venous thromboembolic event on an individual basis and provide thromboprophylaxis for those with an increased risk of developing such complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Kadous
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79912, USA
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Barg A, Knupp M, Anderson AE, Hintermann B. Total ankle replacement in obese patients: component stability, weight change, and functional outcome in 118 consecutive patients. Foot Ankle Int 2011; 32:925-32. [PMID: 22224320 DOI: 10.3113/fai.2011.0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing problem in Europe and the United States. While obesity has been linked to poor outcomes after total knee or hip replacement, there are no data addressing outcomes in obese patients who underwent total ankle replacement (TAR). METHODS This retrospective chart review included 118 patients (123 ankles) with a minimum body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 who underwent TAR between May 2000 and June 2008. There were 61 male (51.7%) and 57 female (48.3%) patients with a mean age of 59.8 +/- 11.6 years (range, 25.4 to 85.0). All patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively (mean followup 67.7 +/- 27.0 months; range, 29 to 126). Radiological outcomes were assessed using standardized weightbearing radiographs. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot scale. RESULTS There were nine intraoperative complications. All patients experienced significant pain relief (VAS change from 7.0 +/- 1.7 to 1.4 +/- 1.1, p < 0.001) and functional improvement (AOFAS score change from 35.4 +/- 14.9 to 75.4 +/- 9.6, p < 0.001; total ROM change from 26.9 +/- 13.7 to 35.3 +/- 8.1 degrees, p < 0.001). BMI measured preoperatively, and at 1 and 2 years postoperatively was 32.9 +/- 2.5 (range, 30.0 to 40.0) kg/m2, 32.4 +/- 2.4 (range, 28.6 to 41.0) kg/m2, and 32.2 +/- 2.4 (range, 28.6 to 40.5) kg/m2, respectively. Gender had a significant effect on weight loss, but not age or postoperative sports activity. Revision surgery was performed in six patients, resulting in a 6-year survivorship of 93%. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that TAR gives significant pain relief and functional improvement. In this study, the survivorship of the prosthesis components was comparable to the results obtained in non-obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexej Barg
- Clinic of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kantonsspital Liestal, Liestal, Switzerland.
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16
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Barg A, Henninger HB, Hintermann B. Risk factors for symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis in patients after total ankle replacement who received routine chemical thromboprophylaxis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 93:921-7. [PMID: 21705564 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.93b7.26257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of post-operative symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), as well as the risk factors for and location of DVT, in 665 patients (701 ankles) who underwent primary total ankle replacement. All patients received low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis. A total of 26 patients (3.9%, 26 ankles) had a symptomatic DVT, diagnosed by experienced radiologists using colour Doppler ultrasound. Most thrombi (22 patients, 84.6%) were localised distally in the operated limb. Using a logistic multiple regression model we identified obesity, a previous venous thromboembolic event and the absence of full post-operative weight-bearing as independent risk factors for developing a symptomatic DVT. The incidence of symptomatic DVT after total ankle replacement and use of low-molecular-weight heparin is comparable with that in patients undergoing total knee or hip replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barg
- Clinic of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kantonsspital Liestal, Rheinstrasse 26, Liestal CH-4410, Switzerland.
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