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In Memoriam: Vijay H. Aswani, MD, PhD (1962-2021): A Doctor, a Humanitarian, and a Phage Researcher. Clin Med Res 2021. [PMID: 34531267 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2021.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Stanczak-Mrozek KI, Manne A, Knight GM, Gould K, Witney AA, Lindsay JA. Within-host diversity of MRSA antimicrobial resistances. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:2191-8. [PMID: 25957384 PMCID: PMC4500776 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MRSA is a major antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogen. The reservoir of infecting isolates is colonization, which is the site of evolutionary selection. The aim was to identify if AMRs in colonizing MRSA populations diversified and potential mechanisms of resistance gene transfer in vivo. METHODS Nasal swabs from 38 MRSA carriers admitted to hospital were plated and 20 individual colonies from each patient tested for phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility and genetically for lineage, carriage of four prophages and three plasmid families. Free bacteriophages were detected in swabs as well as their capacity for transducing resistance genes. RESULTS Nine (24%) patients carried phenotypic AMR variants and 24 (63%) carried prophage and plasmid variants. If a single colony was selected for testing, the probability of detecting all AMR in that patient was 87%. Sixty-four different AMR and mobile genetic element (MGE) profiles were detected, mostly in the MRSA CC22 background (where CC stands for clonal complex), with up to 8 profiles per patient. Nearly half of the patients carried detectable free bacteriophages and phages successfully transduced resistance genes between laboratory and patient isolates in vitro. WGS showed MRSA core genomes were stable, while AMR and MGEs varied. CONCLUSIONS 'Clouds' of MRSA variants that have acquired or lost AMR and MGEs are common in nasal colonizing populations and bacteriophages may play an important role in gene transfer. Accurate estimation of AMR and genetic variability has implications for diagnostics, epidemiology, antimicrobial stewardship and understanding the evolutionary selection of AMR in colonizing populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga I Stanczak-Mrozek
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Anusha Manne
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Gwenan M Knight
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Katherine Gould
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Adam A Witney
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Jodi A Lindsay
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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Rukumani DV, Kamar AA, Ardita DR, Nee TS, Yusof YM, Sekaran SD, Shankar EM. Recalcitrant coagulase‐negative methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in an extremely low‐birth‐weight pre‐term infant with thrombocytopaenia. JMM Case Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Devi V. Rukumani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azanna A. Kamar
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dewi R. Ardita
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tang S. Nee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yasim M. Yusof
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala D. Sekaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Esaki M. Shankar
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteriophage Isolated from the Anterior Nares of Humans. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/4/e00549-14. [PMID: 25103751 PMCID: PMC4125762 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00549-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here the complete genome sequence of a virulent Staphylococcus epidermidis siphophage, phage 6ec, isolated from the anterior nares of a human. This viral genome is 93,794 bp in length, with a 3′ overhang cos site of 10 nucleotides, and it codes for 142 putative open reading frames.
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Viertel TM, Ritter K, Horz HP. Viruses versus bacteria-novel approaches to phage therapy as a tool against multidrug-resistant pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:2326-36. [PMID: 24872344 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy (the application of phages to treat bacterial infections) has a tradition dating back almost a century, but interest in phage therapy slowed down in the West when antibiotics were discovered. With the emerging threat of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria and scarce prospects of newly introduced antibiotics in the future, phages are currently being reconsidered as alternative therapeutics. Conventional phage therapy uses lytic bacteriophages for treatment and recent human clinical trials have revealed encouraging results. In addition, several other modern approaches to phages as therapeutics have been made in vitro and in animal models. Dual therapy with phages and antibiotics has resulted in significant reductions in the number of bacterial pathogens. Bioengineered phages have overcome many of the problems of conventional phage therapy, enabled targeted drug delivery or reversed the resistance of drug-resistant bacteria. The use of enzymes derived from phages, such as endolysin, as therapeutic agents has been efficient in the elimination of Gram-positive pathogens. This review presents novel strategies for phage-related therapies and describes our current knowledge of natural bacteriophages within the human microbiome. Our aim is to provide an overview of the high number of different methodological concepts, thereby encouraging further research on this topic, with the ultimate goal of using phages as therapeutic or preventative medicines in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Mareike Viertel
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Ritter
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Horz
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Melo LDR, Sillankorva S, Ackermann HW, Kropinski AM, Azeredo J, Cerca N. Isolation and characterization of a new Staphylococcus epidermidis broad-spectrum bacteriophage. J Gen Virol 2013; 95:506-515. [PMID: 24189619 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.060590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is considered an important nosocomial pathogen, being very tolerant to the host immune system and antibiotherapy, particularly when in biofilms. Due to its high resistance, alternative antimicrobial strategies are under development. The use of bacteriophages is seen as an important strategy to combat pathogenic organisms. In this study, a S. epidermidis myovirus, SEP1, was isolated and characterized. The genome of this phage was sequenced and shown to be related peripherally to the genus Twortlikevirus. However, when compared with other phages of this genus, it showed DNA sequence identities no greater than 58.2 %. As opposed to other polyvalent viruses of the genus Twortlikevirus, SEP1 is highly specific to S. epidermidis strains. The good infectivity shown by this phage as well as its high lytic spectrum suggested that it might be a good candidate for therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís D R Melo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4700-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4700-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1X 4C6, Canada
| | - Andrew M Kropinski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Guelph, ON N1G 3W4, Canada
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4700-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4700-057 Braga, Portugal
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Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteriophages from the anterior nares of humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:7853-5. [PMID: 21926216 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05367-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of virulent bacteriophages in staphylococcal colonization of the human anterior nares is not known. This report of lytic bacteriophages against Staphylococcus epidermidis in the anterior nares of 5.5% of human subjects (n = 202) suggests their potential role in modulating staphylococcal colonization in this ecological niche.
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