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Chikura S, Kimoto T, Itoh S, Sanada H, Muto S, Horibata K. Standard protocol for the PIGRET assay, a high-throughput reticulocyte Pig-a assay with an immunomagnetic separation, used in the interlaboratory trial organized by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen and Genome Society. Genes Environ 2021; 43:10. [PMID: 33743813 PMCID: PMC7981892 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIGRET assay is one of the Pig-a assays targeting reticulocytes (RETs), an in vivo genotoxicity evaluation method using flow cytometry with endogenous reporter glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein. The PIGRET assay with RETs selectively enriched with anti-CD71 antibodies has several desirable features: high-throughput assay system, low background frequency of mutant cells, and early detection of mutation. To verify the potential and usefulness of the PIGRET assay for short-term testing, an interlaboratory trial involving 16 laboratories organized by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen and Genome Society was conducted. The collaborating laboratories assessed the mutagenicities of a total of 24 chemicals in rats using a single-treatment design and standard protocols for conducting the Pig-a assay on the total red blood cell assay and the PIGRET assay. Here the standard protocol for the PIGRET assay was described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Chikura
- Toxicology Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kimoto
- Toxicology Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan.
| | - Satoru Itoh
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Sanada
- Development ADMET Department, Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Muto
- Safety Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Horibata
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
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Tian X, Chen Y, Nakamura J. Development of a novel PIG-A gene mutation assay based on a GPI-anchored fluorescent protein sensor. Genes Environ 2019; 41:21. [PMID: 31867084 PMCID: PMC6902599 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-019-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation of somatic mutations caused by both endogenous and exogenous exposures is a high risk for human health, in particular, cancer. Efficient detection of somatic mutations is crucial for risk assessment of different types of exposures. Due to its requirement in the process of attaching glycosylphatidylinositol- (GPI-) anchored proteins to the cell surface, the PIG-A gene located on the X-chromosome is used in both in vivo and in vitro mutation assays. Loss-of-function mutations in PIG-A lead to the elimination of GPI-anchored proteins such that they can no longer be detected on the cell surface by antibodies. Historically, mutation assays based on the PIG-A gene rely on the staining of these cell-surface proteins by antibodies; however, as with any antibody-based assay, there are major limitations, especially in terms of variability and lack of specific antibodies. Results In the current study, we developed a modified PIG-A mutation assay that uses the expression of GPI-anchored fluorescent proteins (henceforth referred to as a GPI-sensor), whereby the presence of fluorescence on the cell membrane is dependent on the expression of wild-type PIG-A. Using our modified PIG-A mutation assay, we have achieved complete separation of wild type cells and spontaneously mutated cells, in which the presence of PIG-A mutations has been confirmed via proaerolysin resistance and gene sequencing. Conclusion This study establishes a novel PIG-A mutation assay using GPI-anchored fluorescent protein expression that eliminates the need for antibody-based staining. This GPI-sensor PIG-A mutation assay should be widely applicable for accurate and efficient testing of genotoxicity for use in many mammalian and vertebrate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tian
- 1Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Youjun Chen
- 2Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
| | - Jun Nakamura
- 1Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA.,3Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Biosciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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Chikura S, Kimoto T, Itoh S, Sanada H, Muto S, Horibata K. Standard protocol for the total red blood cell Pig-a assay used in the interlaboratory trial organized by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society. Genes Environ 2019; 41:5. [PMID: 30858897 PMCID: PMC6391751 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-019-0121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pig-a assay, a promising tool for evaluating in vivo genotoxicity, is based on flow cytometric enumeration of red blood cells (RBCs) that are deficient in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein. Various approaches for measuring Pig-a mutant cells have been developed, particularly focusing on measuring mutants in peripheral RBCs and reticulocytes (RETs). The Pig-a assay on concentrated RETs-the PIGRET assay-has the potential to detect genotoxicity in the early stages of a study. To verify the potential and usefulness of the PIGRET assay for short-term testing, we conducted an interlaboratory trial involving 16 laboratories organized by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society (MMS/JEMS). The collaborating laboratories assessed the mutagenicity of a total of 24 chemicals in rats using a single-treatment design and standard protocols for conducting the Pig-a assay on total RBCs (the RBC Pig-a assay) and the PIGRET assay. Here, we describe the standard protocol for the RBC Pig-a assay in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Chikura
- Toxicology Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8512 Japan
| | - Takafumi Kimoto
- Toxicology Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8512 Japan
| | - Satoru Itoh
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-8630 Japan
| | - Hisakazu Sanada
- Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, 301, Gensuke, Fujieda-shi, Shizuoka, 426-8646 Japan
| | - Shigeharu Muto
- Safety Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50, Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama, 335-8505 Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Horibata
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501 Japan
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Suzuki Y, Goto K, Nakayama Y, Saratani M, Takata T, Okamoto T, Okazaki S. Evaluation of a single-dose PIGRET assay for acetaminophen in rats compared with the RBC Pig-a assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:16-20. [PMID: 27931808 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a part of a collaborative study of the Pig-a assay by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society, a genotoxicity study on acetaminophen (APAP) was performed using the red blood cell (RBC) Pig-a and PIGRET assays. The dose levels were set at 0 (vehicle, 0.5% methylcellulose solution), 500, 1000, and 2000mg/kg, and APAP was administered once by oral gavage to male Sprague Dawley rats. For the positive control group, N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (ENU, 40mg/kg) was administered in the same way. The RBC Pig-a and PIGRET assays were performed using peripheral blood collected at pre-dosing and 1, 2 and 4 weeks after dosing. In both the RBC Pig-a and PIGRET assays, there were no changes in the Pig-a gene mutant frequency (MF) by the APAP treatment at any time point. The Pig-a MFs as measured by the RBC Pig-a assay for the ENU-treated group increased in a time-dependent manner with the maximum value at week 4; however, those using the PIGRET assay reached comparable values at week 1. Based on the above results, APAP was determined to have no mutagenicity under the conditions of this study, and the PIGRET assay could detect mutagenicity of ENU much earlier than the RBC Pig-a assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Suzuki
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan.
| | - Ken Goto
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakayama
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saratani
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Takuya Takata
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Takezo Okamoto
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Shuzo Okazaki
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
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Narumi K, Fujiishi Y, Okada E, Ohyama W. Detection of Pig-a gene mutants in rat peripheral blood following a single urethane treatment: A comparison of the RBC Pig-a and PIGRET assays. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:129-134. [PMID: 27931806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The rat red blood cell (RBC) Pig-a assay has been recommended by an expert working group of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing as a potential new method to evaluate in vivo gene mutations in regulatory genotoxicity risk assessments. In a collaborative study in Japan, an improved Pig-a assay using reticulocytes (PIGRET assay) with magnetic enrichment of CD71-positive cells was evaluated, and it was revealed that this assay could detect the mutagenicity of chemicals earlier than the RBC Pig-a assay could. To verify further the suitability of the PIGRET assay for an in vivo short-term genotoxicity screening test, a joint research study was conducted by the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society, and 24 compounds were evaluated. One of the compounds evaluated in this study was urethane, a multi-organ rodent carcinogen. Urethane (250, 500, and 1000mg/kg body weight) was orally administered once to 8-week-old male Crl:CD (SD) rats. Blood samples were collected at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the administration and processed for the RBC Pig-a and PIGRET assays. In the PIGRET assay, the Pig-a mutant frequency (MF) significantly increased at both 2 and 4 weeks after the treatment of 1000mg/kg of urethane. However, in the RBC Pig-a assay, a significant increase in the Pig-a MF was observed only at 1 week after the treatment with 500mg/kg, but the MF value was within our historical control range; therefore, it was judged to be negative. These results suggest that the PIGRET assay might be useful for evaluating the in vivo mutagenicity more clearly than the RBC Pig-a assay after a single treatment of test compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Narumi
- Yakult Central Institute, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
| | - Yohei Fujiishi
- Yakult Central Institute, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Emiko Okada
- Yakult Central Institute, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Wakako Ohyama
- Yakult Central Institute, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
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Tsutsumi E, Momonami A, Hori H, Kitagawa Y. Evaluation of single-dose RBC Pig-a and PIGRET assays in detecting the mutagenicity of thiotepa in rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:123-128. [PMID: 27931805 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pig-a assay, which uses reticulocytes (PIGRET assay) as target cells, is anticipated to detect mutagenicity at earlier time points than the RBC Pig-a assay, which uses all red blood cells as target cells. As part of a collaborative study conducted by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study (MMS) Group, we evaluated the PIGRET and RBC Pig-a assays to detect Pig-a gene mutations induced by the carcinogen thiotepa. A single dose of thiotepa at 7.5, 15, and 30mg/kg was administered to 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats by oral gavage. PIGRET and RBC Pig-a assays were performed using peripheral blood collected from rats 7, 14, and 28days after thiotepa administration (Day 0 as the day of administration), and the resulting Pig-a mutant frequencies (MFs) were compared. Increased Pig-a MF was observed from Day 7 onwards using the PIGRET assay. Pig-a MF remained fairly constant thereafter until Day 28 in the 30mg/kg group, whereas it peaked on Day 14 in the 7.5 and 15mg/kg groups. Using the RBC Pig-a assay, on the other hand, no significant increase in MF was observed at any of the dosages on Days 7, 14, or 28. These findings show that Pig-a gene mutations following a single dose of thiotepa were detected using the PIGRET assay but not the RBC Pig-a assay, which suggests that PIGRET assay is more suitable than RBC Pig-a assay for evaluating the in vivo mutagenicity by a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tsutsumi
- Quality Assurance Division, Safety Science Institute, Suntory Business Expert Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Ayaka Momonami
- Quality Assurance Division, Safety Science Institute, Suntory Business Expert Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hisako Hori
- Quality Assurance Division, Safety Science Institute, Suntory Business Expert Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Quality Assurance Division, Safety Science Institute, Suntory Business Expert Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
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Kyoya T, Hori M, Terada M. Evaluation of the in vivo mutagenicity of melamine by the RBC Pig-a assay and PIGRET assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:43-48. [PMID: 27931813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pig-a assay is a new in vivo genotoxicity test for detecting mutagens in the bodies of animals, using the endogenous Pig-a gene as the target. There are two types of Pig-a assays: the red blood cell (RBC) Pig-a assay, which uses RBCs, and the PIGRET assay, which uses reticulocytes. The Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society-Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group collaborative study of the Pig-a assay was carried out to investigate the usefulness of the PIGRET assay. The mutagenicity of melamine was evaluated as part of this study. Eight-week-old male Crl:CD (SD) rats were administered a single gavage dose of melamine as a non-genotoxic bladder carcinogen. Blood samples were collected at the first, second and fourth weeks after administration, and the RBC Pig-a assay and PIGRET assays were conducted using these samples. Three dose levels were used in the study: the highest dose was 2000mg/kg, which is generally used as the maximum dose in in vivo genotoxicity testing, and 1000 and 500mg/kg were also used. As a positive control, a group of rats was administered a single dose of N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (ENU) by gavage at 40mg/kg. The Pig-a mutant frequencies (Pig-a MFs) did not increase in any of the melamine groups throughout the experimental period in either the RBC Pig-a assay or the PIGRET assay. Both the RBC Pig-a and PIGRET assays revealed significant increases in the Pig-a MFs in the ENU group, starting at day 7 after a single administration. Therefore, these two assays, when evaluated after a single administration, can be used to determine that melamine is non-mutagenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kyoya
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. 3360 Kamo, Kikugawa-shi, Shizuoka, 439-0031, Japan.
| | - Masami Hori
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. 3360 Kamo, Kikugawa-shi, Shizuoka, 439-0031, Japan
| | - Megumi Terada
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. 3360 Kamo, Kikugawa-shi, Shizuoka, 439-0031, Japan
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Pyrene did not induce gene mutation in red blood cell Pig-a assay and PIGRET assay in rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:49-53. [PMID: 27931814 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new in vivo gene mutation assay has been developed based on the phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, Class A gene (Pig-a in rodents) as an endogenous reporter. Although a large number of chemicals have been evaluated in the rat Pig-a assay in 28-day repeat dose regimens, there was limited reporting of rat Pig-a assay after a single dose. A collaborative study by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study group, which is a subgroup of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society, was conducted to verify the usefulness of the rat Pig-a assay after a single dose as a short-term genotoxicity test. As a part of this collaborative study, the in vivo mutagenicity of a single dose of pyrene (Pyr) was investigated in the red blood cell (RBC Pig-a assay) and in reticulocytes (PIGRET) of rats. Eight-week old male rats were orally dosed with Pyr at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg or ethylnitrosourea (ENU) at 10 and 40 mg/kg as a positive control. The animals in each group were examined for Pig-a mutant frequencies (MF) except for animals in the 2000mg/kg group because of mortality or severe toxicity. The Pig-a MF in RBCs and reticulocytes, as CD59 negative cells, were evaluated once a week for 4 weeks after the dosing. With a single exposure to ENU, the Pig-a MF in both RBCs and reticulocytes increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In contrast, no statistically significant effect was observed in rats dosed with Pyr at 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Therefore, Pyr was concluded to be negative in the RBC Pig-a assay and the PIGRET assay after a single oral administration in rats. The result was consistent with previously reported Pig-a assays with repeat dose regimens.
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Adachi H, Uematsu Y, Yamada T. Evaluation of the RBC Pig-a and PIGRET assays using single doses of hydroxyurea and melphalan in rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:35-42. [PMID: 27931812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the suitability of the rat Pig-a assay on reticulocytes (PIGRET assay) as a short-term test, red blood cell (RBC) Pig-a and PIGRET assays after single doses with hydroxyurea (HU) and melphalan (L-PAM) were conducted and the results of both assays were compared. HU was administered once orally to male SD rats at 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg, and both assays were conducted using peripheral blood withdrawn from the jugular vein at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after dosing. L-PAM was administered at 1.25, 2.5 and 5mg/kg in the same manner. L-PAM produced significant dose-dependent increases in mutant frequencies in the PIGRET assay after single oral doses, but did not produce dose-dependent increases in mutant frequencies in the RBC Pig-a assay. These results suggest that the PIGRET assay is more sensitive for the evaluation of the mutagenic potential of L-PAM than the RBC Pig-a assay. In contrast, HU, a clastogenic but not DNA-reactive compound, gave negative results in both assays. The results with these 2 chemicals indicate that the single-dose PIGRET assay in rats has the potential to properly detect DNA-reactive compounds that directly cause DNA damage in a short-term assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Adachi
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 1-98 Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Uematsu
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 1-98 Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Toru Yamada
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 1-98 Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
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Kikuzuki R, Sato H, Fujiwara A, Takahashi T, Ogiwara Y, Sugiura M. Evaluation of the RBC Pig-a assay and the PIGRET assay using benzo[a]pyrene in rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:86-90. [PMID: 27931821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The red blood cell (RBC) Pig-a assay has the potential to detect the in vivo mutagenicity of chemicals. Recently, use of the Pig-a assay with reticulocytes (the PIGRET assay) reportedly enabled the in vivo mutagenicity of chemicals to be detected earlier than using the RBC Pig-a assay. To evaluate whether the PIGRET assay is useful and effective as a short-term test, compared with the RBC Pig-a assay, we performed both assays using benzo[a]pyrene (BP), which is a well-known mutagen. BP was used to dose 8-week-old male rats orally at 0, 75.0, 150, and 300mg/kg administered as a single administration. Peripheral blood samples were then collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 28 after treatment and were used in both assays. In the treatment groups receiving 150mg/kg of BP or more, both the RBC Pig-a assay and the PIGRET assay detected the in vivo mutagenicity of BP. In the 300mg/kg treatment group, in which a significant increase in the mutant frequency (MF) was observed at all the sampling points using both the RBC Pig-a assay and the PIGRET assay, the reticulocyte (RET) Pig-a MF was higher than the RBC Pig-a MF on days 7 and 14 after treatment; nevertheless, the negative control RET Pig-a MF was comparable to the negative control RBC Pig-a MF. In addition, the RET Pig-a MF began to increase after day 7 and reached a maximum value on day 14 after treatment, whereas the RBC Pig-a MF increased continuously from day 7 until day 28 after treatment. These results indicate that the PIGRET assay has a higher sensitivity than the RBC Pig-a assay and that the PIGRET assay is useful for the earlier detection of the in vivo mutagenicity of chemicals, compared with the RBC Pig-a assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kikuzuki
- Taisho Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
| | - Haruka Sato
- Taisho Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Ai Fujiwara
- Taisho Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Taisho Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ogiwara
- Taisho Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Mihoko Sugiura
- Taisho Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
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Kimoto T, Horibata K, Miura D, Chikura S, Okada Y, Ukai A, Itoh S, Nakayama S, Sanada H, Koyama N, Muto S, Uno Y, Yamamoto M, Suzuki Y, Fukuda T, Goto K, Wada K, Kyoya T, Shigano M, Takasawa H, Hamada S, Adachi H, Uematsu Y, Tsutsumi E, Hori H, Kikuzuki R, Ogiwara Y, Yoshida I, Maeda A, Narumi K, Fujiishi Y, Morita T, Yamada M, Honma M. The PIGRET assay, a method for measuring Pig-a gene mutation in reticulocytes, is reliable as a short-term in vivo genotoxicity test: Summary of the MMS/JEMS-collaborative study across 16 laboratories using 24 chemicals. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:3-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chikura S, Okada Y, Kimoto T, Kaneko H, Miura D, Kasahara Y. The rat Pig-a assay using an erythroid HIS49 antibody in a single dose study of isopropyl p-toluenesulfonate. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Red blood cell Pig-a assay and PIGRET assay in rats with azathioprine. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:60-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Chikura S, Okada Y, Kimoto T, Kaneko H, Miura D, Kasahara Y. Report on the rat Pig-a assay using an anti-rat erythroid marker HIS49 antibody in a single dose study of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Evaluation of a single-dose PIGRET assay for cisplatin in rats compared with the RBC Pig-a assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:97-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Evaluation of mutagenicity of acrylamide using RBC Pig-a and PIGRET assays by single peroral dose in rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:54-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Evaluation of the PIGRET assay as a short-term test using a single dose of diethylnitrosamine. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:70-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Maeda A, Takahashi K, Tsuchiyama H, Oshida K. Evaluation of red blood cell Pig-a assay and PIGRET assay in rats using chlorambucil. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:91-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Evaluation of in vivo gene mutation with etoposide using Pig-a and PIGRET assays. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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