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Belachew EB, Desta AF, Deneke DB, Fenta BD, Alem AT, Abafogi AK, Lukas FY, Bezabih M, Sewasew DT, Kantelhardt EJ, Tessema TS, Howe R. Clinicopathological Features of Invasive Breast Cancer: A Five-Year Retrospective Study in Southern and South-Western Ethiopia. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:medicines10050030. [PMID: 37233606 DOI: 10.3390/medicines10050030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in Ethiopia. The incidence of BC is also rising, but the exact figure is still poorly known. Therefore, this study was conducted to address the gap in epidemiological data on BC in southern and southwestern Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: This is a five-year (2015-2019) retrospective study. The demographic and clinicopathological data were collected from biopsy reports of different kinds of breast carcinomas in the pathology department of Jimma University Specialized Hospital and Hawassa University Specialized Referral Hospital. Histopathological grades and stages were conducted using Nottingham grading and TNM staging system, respectively. Collected data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version-20 software. Results: The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 42.27 (SD = 13.57) years. The pathological stage of most BC patients was stage III, and most of them had tumor sizes greater than 5 cm. Most patients had moderately differentiated tumor grade, and mastectomy was the most common type of surgery at the time of diagnosis. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histological type of BC, followed by invasive lobular carcinoma. Lymph node involvement was seen in 60.5% of cases. Lymph node involvement was associated with tumor size (χ2 = 8.55, p = 0.033) and type of surgery (χ2 = 39.69, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that BC patients in southern and southwestern Ethiopia displayed advanced pathological stages, relatively young age at diagnosis, and predominant invasive ductal carcinoma histological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmael Besufikad Belachew
- Biology Department, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Addis Ababa 260, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia
| | - Adey Feleke Desta
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Abdo Kedir Abafogi
- Pathology Department, Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma 378, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mesele Bezabih
- Pathology Department, Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma 378, Ethiopia
| | | | - Eva J Kantelhardt
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia
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Behrad MS, Rashed F, Zarabi A, Saidi S. Stage at Diagnosis and Patient Delay among Breast Cancer Women in Kabul, Afghanistan. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the commonest cause of mortality among women. According to WHO in 2012, about 7400 women died because of cancers in Afghanistan.
Aim: To obtain information about clinical stages of breast cancer of women at the time of diagnosis in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Patient and Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 240 women diagnosed with breast cancer from March 2016 to March 2019. The diagnosis of breast cancer was made by the surgeon on the basis of physical examination and Biopsy/Pathological reports. Clinical staging of the tumor was recorded according to the tumor, nodal, and metastasis (TNM) classification. The gap between knowing the problem and consulting a physician (Patient delay) was categorized: less than 3 months, 3-6 months and more than 6 months.
Results:
The mean age of patients was 49.31 years (SD ± 11.80) ranging from 18 to 76 years. The Patient delay was more than 6 months (65%). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the commonest morphological type (76.7%). Breast cancer in left breast of patients was 52.1%. Stage II was higher in left and stage III in right breast. The majority of patients were in stage II & III at the time of diagnosis. All stages were frequent in fourth decades of age group. The association between the clinical stages of breast cancer at the time of diagnosis, the age and breast R/L involvement of the patients was significant (P<0.001). The association between clinical stage and marital status was not significant (P<0.953).
Conclusion:
Late referrals, diagnosis delay and advanced stages of breast cancer are still a serious problem in Afghanistan. Cancer in right breast should be given more attention because higher stages of the disease are expected. Awareness and social education is great need.
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