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TANG YM, WANG DG, LI J, LI XH, WANG Q, LIU N, LIU WT, LI YX. Relationships between micronutrient losses in sweat and blood pressure among heat-exposed steelworkers. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2016; 54:215-223. [PMID: 27087421 PMCID: PMC4939859 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the effect of micronutrient losses through sweat on blood pressure (BP) among heat-exposed steelworkers. A total of 224 heat-exposed male steelworkers from an ironworks facility were evaluated in July 2012. We measured the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index to evaluate the level of heat stress in the workplace. We collected sweat from the workers during an eight-hour work, and then we measured the micronutrients in the sweat. We also measured the BP of each worker. The results revealed that vitamin C, potassium, and calcium losses in sweat were positively correlated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (all P<0.05). A linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that potassium, and calcium losses in sweat adversely affected SBP and DBP (all P<0.05). An analysis of covariance showed that SBP increased when potassium or calcium losses in sweat were >900 mg, or >100 mg, respectively. Further, DBP increased when potassium or calcium losses in sweat were >600 mg or >130 mg, respectively. Therefore, vitamin C, potassium, and calcium losses in sweat may adversely effect BP. To help steelworkers maintain healthy BP, facilities with high temperatures should try to lower environmental temperatures to reduce vitamin C, potassium, and calcium losses in sweat. Additionally, heat-exposed steelworkers may need to increase their dietary intakes of vitamin C, potassium, and calcium. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and support these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mei TANG
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Hebei Coal Mine Health and Safety Laboratory, Tangshan, China
| | - Dao-Gang WANG
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Qingbaijiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun LI
- Tangshan Iron and Steel Group Corporation Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xing-Hua LI
- Tangshan Iron and Steel Group Corporation Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Qian WANG
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Hebei Coal Mine Health and Safety Laboratory, Tangshan, China
| | - Nan LIU
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Hebei Coal Mine Health and Safety Laboratory, Tangshan, China
| | - Wei-Tian LIU
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ying-Xue LI
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Chen YH, Chen YC, Liu CS, Hsieh MC. The Different Effects of Atorvastatin and Pravastatin on Cell Death and PARP Activity in Pancreatic NIT-1 Cells. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1828071. [PMID: 28004006 PMCID: PMC5149701 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1828071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins have been widely used drugs for lowering low-density lipoprotein and for preventing heart attack and stroke. However, the increased risk for developing diabetes during extended stain use and the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the signaling pathway and biological function between necrosis and autophagy induced by atorvastatin (AS) and pravastatin (PS). Here we observed that atorvastatin (AS) can increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce necrotic cell death and autophagy in NIT-1 cells, whereas pravastatin (PS) does not cause ROS and cell death but also induces autophagy. PARP1 exhibited a dual role in modulating necrosis and autophagy in AS- and PS-treated NIT-1 cells through RIP1-RIP3-MLKL pathway and PARP1-AMPK-mTOR pathway. Lastly, AS treatment induced mitochondrial morphology injury significantly more than PS treatment did. Thus, the PARP1 activation should be considered in the development of effective statin therapies for diabetes. Future studies may examine specific mechanisms and pathways in mitochondria, autophagy, and oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chen
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrative Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Hsieh
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrative Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- *Ming-Chia Hsieh:
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Cao ZH, Zheng QY, Li GQ, Hu XB, Feng SL, Xu GL, Zhang KQ. STAT1-mediated down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression is involved in IFN-γ/TNF-α-induced apoptosis in NIT-1 cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120921. [PMID: 25811609 PMCID: PMC4374929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ are the major pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in beta-cell destruction. The fate of islet beta-cells in the cytokine-induced intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is determined by the interaction between members of the Bcl-2 family. However, the mechanism through which beta-cell apoptosis is regulated remains unclear. In this study, we treated the murine beta-cell line NIT-1 with TNF-α and IFN-γ and then investigated the regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) and expression of the members of the Bcl-2 family in this apoptotic pathway. Results showed that TNF-α and IFN-γ synergistically reduced NIT-1 cell viability. In addition, the decrease in cell growth was due to apoptosis as shown by apoptotic body formation, detected by confocal laser microscope, and a significant increase in Annexin-Vup+ cell percentage, detected by flow cytometry. Combination treatment with TNF-α and IFN-γ caused a remarkable increase in the release of cytochrome c, and in the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, as well as, an obvious enhancement in STAT-1 phosphorylation; the treatment, however, resulted in the down-regulation in Bcl-2 expression. The enhancement in STAT-1 activity and a down-regulation in Bcl-2 expression was also observed in MIN6 cells, another murine beta-cell derived line, after cells exposure to the combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ treatment. Knockdown of STAT-1 gene expression by siRNA or inhibition of STAT-1 activation with fludarabine reversed Bcl-2 down-expression and led to a significant decrease in apoptosis in TNF-α- and IFN-γ-treated NIT-1 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that STAT1-mediated down-regulation of Bcl-2 is involved in NIT-1 cell apoptosis induced by combination treatment with TNF-α and IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-hui Cao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Quan-you Zheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Gui-qing Li
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-bo Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shao-long Feng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Gui-lian Xu
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- * E-mail: (GLX); (KQZ)
| | - Ke-qin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- * E-mail: (GLX); (KQZ)
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Wang AP, Li X, Zheng Y, Liu BL, Huang G, Yan X, Liu Z, Zhou Z. Thiazolidinediones protect mouse pancreatic β-cells directly from cytokine-induced cytotoxicity through PPARγ-dependent mechanisms. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:163-73. [PMID: 21153483 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-010-0239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since most of the current studies of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are only focused on improving glycemic control, increasing insulin sensitivity, and regulating inflammatory states in Type 2 Diabetes, it is still controversial whether TZDs have direct, protective effects on pancreatic β-cells in autoimmune diabetes. Here, we show the protective effects of TZDs on mouse pancreatic β-cell line cells (NIT-1) impaired by exposure to inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IFN-γ) and explore the potential mechanisms for this. The apoptosis rate and caspase-3 activity were remarkably increased, and insulin secretion response to glucose was impaired severely by exposure to IL-1β/IFN-γ for 48 h compared to control cells, whereas apoptosis rate and caspase-3 activity were significantly decreased in cells with treatment of rosiglitazone (RGZ) or pioglitazone (PIG), and the capacity for insulin secretion response to glucose was recovered. TZDs protect pancreatic β-cells from cytokine-induced cytotoxicity through PPARγ activation. The protective effects of the TZDs on NIT-1 cells disappeared when PPARγ was blocked with PPARγ-siRNA interference or treatment with GW9662, the PPARγ antagonist. Additionally, the enhancement of PPARγ expression by treatment with TZDs inhibited the expression of caspase 3 in IL-1β/IFN-γ-induced NIT-cells. Also, the inhibition of caspase 3 expression by TZDs was blocked by co-treatment with GW9662 or infection with PPARγ-siRNA. Taken together, our data suggest that TZDs might serve to protect pancreatic β-cells directly from cytokine-induced cytotoxicity through a PPARγ-dependent pathway, and caspase-3 may play an important role in the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-ping Wang
- Diabetes Center, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Abstract
Autoimmune Type 1 A Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by dependence on exogenous insulin consequential to the autoimmune attack and destruction of insulin-producing islet beta cells. Pancreatic islet cell inflammation, or insulitis, precedes beta cell death and T1D onset. In the insulitic lesion, innate immune cells produce chemokines and cytokines that recruit and activate adaptive immune cells (Eizirik D et al., Nat Rev Endocrinol 5:219-226, 2009). Locally produced cytokines not only increase immune surveillance of beta cells (Hanafusa T and Imagawa A, Ann NY Acad Sci 1150:297-299, 2008), but also cause beta cell dysfunction and decreased insulin secretion due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) by the beta cells. This, coupled to the high levels of ROS and RNS secreted by activated macrophages and the low antioxidant capacities of beta cells (Huurman VA, PLoS One 3:e2435, 2008; Schatz D, Pediatr Diabetes 5:72-79, 2004; Verge CF, Diabetes 44:1176-1179, 1995), implicates free radicals as important effectors in T1D pathogenesis (Eizirik D et al., Nat Rev Endocrinol 5:219-226, 2009; Hanafusa T and Imagawa A, Ann NY Acad Sci 1150:297-299, 2008; Eisenbarth GS and Jeffrey J, Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 52:146-155, 2008; Pietropaolo M et al., Pediatr Diabetes 6:184-192, 2005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaíma L Lightfoot
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Lightfoot YL, Chen J, Mathews CE. Role of the mitochondria in immune-mediated apoptotic death of the human pancreatic β cell line βLox5. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20617. [PMID: 21738580 PMCID: PMC3124469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are indispensable in the life and death of many types of eukaryotic cells. In pancreatic beta cells, mitochondria play an essential role in the secretion of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. Unregulated blood glucose is a hallmark symptom of diabetes. The onset of Type 1 diabetes is preceded by autoimmune-mediated destruction of beta cells. However, the exact role of mitochondria has not been assessed in beta cell death. In this study, we examine the role of mitochondria in both Fas- and proinflammatory cytokine-mediated destruction of the human beta cell line, βLox5. IFNγ primed βLox5 cells for apoptosis by elevating cell surface Fas. Consequently, βLox5 cells were killed by caspase-dependent apoptosis by agonistic activation of Fas, but only after priming with IFNγ. This beta cell line undergoes both apoptotic and necrotic cell death after incubation with the combination of the proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNFα. Additionally, both caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms that require proper mitochondrial function are involved. Mitochondrial contributions to βLox5 cell death were analyzed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depleted βLox5 cells, or βLox5 ρ0 cells. βLox5 ρ0 cells are not sensitive to IFNγ and TNFα killing, indicating a direct role for the mitochondria in cytokine-induced cell death of the parental cell line. However, βLox5 ρ0 cells are susceptible to Fas killing, implicating caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptotic death is the mechanism by which these human beta cells die after Fas ligation. These data support the hypothesis that immune mediators kill βLox5 cells by both mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic and caspase-dependent extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaíma L. Lightfoot
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:i-xii. [PMID: 19405078 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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