1
|
Dwivedi S, Singh V, Sharma K, Sliti A, Baunthiyal M, Shin JH. Significance of Soy-Based Fermented Food and Their Bioactive Compounds Against Obesity, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:1-11. [PMID: 38117392 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Soybean-based fermented foods are commonly consumed worldwide, especially in Asia. These fermented soy-products are prepared using various strains of Bacillus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Aspergillus. The microbial action during fermentation produces and increases the availability of various molecules of biological significance, such as isoflavones, bioactive peptides, and dietary fiber. These dietary bio active compounds are also found to be effective against the metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In parallel, soy isoflavones such as genistein, genistin, and daidzin can also contribute to the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic mechanisms, by decreasing insulin resistance and oxidative stress. The said activities are known to lower the risk of CVD, by decreasing the fat accumulation and hyperlipidemia in the body. In addition, along with soy-isoflavones fermented soy foods such as Kinema, Tempeh, Douchi, Cheonggukjang/Chungkukjang, and Natto are also rich in dietary fiber (prebiotic) and known to be anti-dyslipidemia, improve lipolysis, and lowers lipid peroxidation, which further decreases the risk of CVD. Further, the fibrinolytic activity of nattokinase present in Natto soup also paves the foundation for the possible cardioprotective role of fermented soy products. Considering the immense beneficial effects of different fermented soy products, the present review contextualizes their significance with respect to their anti-obesity, anti-diabetic and cardioprotective roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Dwivedi
- Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghurdauri, Pauri, India
| | - Vineet Singh
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kritika Sharma
- Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghurdauri, Pauri, India
| | - Amani Sliti
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mamta Baunthiyal
- Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghurdauri, Pauri, India.
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Biochem J 2022; 479:1653-1708. [PMID: 36043493 PMCID: PMC9484810 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute circumstances. We argue here that I–R injury also underpins elements of the pathology of a variety of chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be initiated via fibrin amyloid microclot blockage of capillaries, for instance as exercise is started; reperfusion is a necessary corollary when it finishes. We rehearse the mechanistic evidence for these occurrences here, in terms of their manifestation as oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, the production of marker metabolites and related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both the breathlessness/fatigue and the post-exertional malaise that may be observed in these conditions, as well as many other observables. The recognition of these processes implies, mechanistically, that therapeutic benefit is potentially to be had from antioxidants, from anti-inflammatories, from iron chelators, and via suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. We review the considerable existing evidence that is consistent with this, and with the biochemical mechanisms involved.
Collapse
|
3
|
Moula Ali AM, Bavisetty SCB. Purification, physicochemical properties, and statistical optimization of fibrinolytic enzymes especially from fermented foods: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1498-1517. [PMID: 32781120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinolytic enzymes are proteases responsible for cleavage of fibrin mesh in thrombus clots, which are the primary causative agents in cardiovascular diseases. Developing safe, effective and cheap thrombolytic agents are important for prevention and cure of thrombosis. Although a wide variety of sources have been discovered for fibrinolytic enzymes, only few of them have been employed in clinical and therapeutic applications due to the drawbacks such as high cost of production, low stability of enzyme or therapeutic side effects. However, the discovery of new fibrinolytic enzymes requires complex purification stages and characterization, which gives an insight into their diverse modes of action. Post-discovery, approaches such as a) statistical optimization for fermentative bioprocessing and b) genetic engineering are advantageous in providing economic viability by finding simple and cost-effective medium, strain development with sufficient nutrient supplements for stable and high-level production of recombinant enzyme. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of different sources, purification techniques, production through genetic engineering approaches and statistical optimization of fermentation parameters as proteases have a wide variety of industrial and biotechnological applications making 60% of total enzyme market worldwide. New strategies targeting increased enzyme yields, non-denaturing environments, improved stability, enzyme activity and strain improvement have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Muhammed Moula Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food-Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Sri Charan Bindu Bavisetty
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Food-Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen H, McGowan EM, Ren N, Lal S, Nassif N, Shad-Kaneez F, Qu X, Lin Y. Nattokinase: A Promising Alternative in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomark Insights 2018; 13:1177271918785130. [PMID: 30013308 PMCID: PMC6043915 DOI: 10.1177/1177271918785130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world and our approach to the control and management of CVD mortality is limited. Nattokinase (NK), the most active ingredient of natto, possesses a variety of favourable cardiovascular effects and the consumption of Natto has been linked to a reduction in CVD mortality. Recent research has demonstrated that NK has potent fibrinolytic activity, antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic, and lipid-lowering, antiplatelet, and neuroprotective effects. This review covers the major pharmacologic effects of NK with a focus on its clinical relevance to CVD. It outlines the advantages of NK and the outstanding issues pertaining to NK pharmacokinetics. Available evidence suggests that NK is a unique natural compound that possesses several key cardiovascular beneficial effects for patients with CVD and is therefore an ideal drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Nattokinase is a promising alternative in the management of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eileen M McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Nina Ren
- Guangdong Online Hospital Clinic, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sara Lal
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Najah Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatima Shad-Kaneez
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Xianqin Qu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
- Yiguang Lin, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feng R, Li J, Chen J, Duan L, Liu X, Di D, Deng Y, Song Y. Preparation and toxicity evaluation of a novel nattokinase-tauroursodeoxycholate complex. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 13:173-182. [PMID: 32104390 PMCID: PMC7032186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nattokinase (NK), which has been identified as a potent fibrinolytic protease, has remarkable potential in treatment of thrombolysis, and even has the ability to ameliorate chronic vein thrombosis. To reduce the hemorrhagic risk from an intravenous injection of NK, nattokinase-tauroursodeoxycholate (NK-TUDCA) complex was prepared at different pH values and with different ratios of NK and TUDCA. When assessing survival time, survival state, tail injury, and the body weight of mice, it was found that the NK-TUDCA complex (NK: 10 kIU/ml; TUDCA: 10 mg/ml; pH 5.0) had a lower toxicity when administered at an NK dosage of 130 kIU/kg in the acute toxicity test and 13 kIU/kg in the repeated low-dose challenge. From the results of the in vitro thrombolytic test and characterization of NK-TUDCA, we speculated that the delayed release of NK-TUDCA might be the main cause of toxicity reduction by the complex. This study described the preparation of an NK complex with low toxicity following intravenous administration, which could be utilized for further clinical study of NK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | | | - Lili Duan
- Sungen Biotech Co., Ltd., Shantou 515000, China
| | - XinRong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Donghua Di
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yihui Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanzhi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The potential applications of mushrooms against some facets of atherosclerosis: A review. Food Res Int 2018; 105:517-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
7
|
Narasimhan MK, Ethiraj S, Krishnamurthi T, Rajesh M. Purification, biochemical, and thermal properties of fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by Bacillus cereus SRM-001. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:34-42. [PMID: 29106326 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1387560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes is essential to treat cardiovascular diseases. This study reports the discovery of a fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by Bacillus cereus SRM-001, a microorganism isolated from the soil of a chicken waste-dump yard. The B. cereus SRM-001 was cultured and the secreted fibrinolytic enzyme purified to show that it is a ∼28 kDa protein. The purified enzyme was characterized for its kinetics, biochemical and thermal properties to show that it possesses properties similar to plasmin. A HPLC-MS/MS analysis of trypsin digested protein indicated that the fibrinolytic enzyme shared close sequence homology with serine proteases reported for other Bacillus sp. The results show that the B. cereus SRM-001 secreted enzyme is a ∼28 kDa serine protease that possesses fibrinolytic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Narasimhan
- a Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering , SRM University , Kattankulathur , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Selvarajan Ethiraj
- a Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering , SRM University , Kattankulathur , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Tamilarasan Krishnamurthi
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , School of Bioengineering, SRM University , Kattankulathur , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Mathur Rajesh
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , School of Bioengineering, SRM University , Kattankulathur , Tamil Nadu , India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chandrasekaran SD, Vaithilingam M, Shanker R, Kumar S, Thiyur S, Babu V, Selvakumar JN, Prakash S. Exploring the In Vitro Thrombolytic Activity of Nattokinase From a New Strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa CMSS. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e23567. [PMID: 26587211 PMCID: PMC4644271 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.23567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombolytic therapy has become a conventional treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), yet currently, clinically prescribed thrombolytic drugs have problems such as delayed action and other side effects. Fibrinolytic enzymes have attracted interest as thrombolytic agents because of their efficiency in the fibrinolytic process, including plasmin activation. Nattokinase (NK) is a potent fibrinolytic agent for thrombosis therapy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to enhance the production of NK from Pseudomonas aeruginosa CMSS by media optimization and strain improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, a potent NK-producing strain was isolated from cow milk and identified. To enhance the yield of NK, effect of various parameters such as pH, temperature, carbon source, nitrogen source and inoculum size were optimized. Strain improvement of P. aeruginosa CMSS was done by random UV-mutagenesis. Nattokinase was partially purified and the activity was determined by the casein digestion method, blood clot lysis and fibrin degradation assay. RESULTS Based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, the strain was confirmed as P. aeruginosa (GenBank accession number: JX112657), designated as P. aeruginosa CMSS. The optimum condition at pH 7 and temperature at 25˚C showed activity of NK as 1514 U mL(-1) and 1532 U mL(-1), respectively. Sucrose as the carbon source and shrimp shell powder (SSP) as the nitrogen source expressed NK activity of 1721 U mL(-1) and 2524 U mL(-1), respectively. At 1% inoculum size, the maximum rate of enzyme production was achieved with 2581 U mL(-1). The NK activity of the mutant strain UV60 was 4263 U mL(-1), indicating a two-fold increase in activity compared to the wild strain (2581 UmL(-1)). Nattokinase produced from mutant strain P. aeruginosa CMSS UV60 showed 94% blood clot lysis at ten minutes. The degradation of fibrin clot by the produced NK was observed after two hours of incubation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirmed the molecular mass of CMSS UV60 NK to be 21kDa. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated the enhanced production of NK by P. aeruginosa CMSS. This study is unique and the findings are the first report on the production of NK from P. aeruginosa CMSS isolated from cow milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ravi Shanker
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Swathi Thiyur
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Vaishnavi Babu
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Jemimah Naine Selvakumar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Suyash Prakash
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Inácio FD, Ferreira RO, de Araujo CAV, Brugnari T, Castoldi R, Peralta RM, de Souza CGM. Proteases of Wood Rot Fungi with Emphasis on the Genus Pleurotus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:290161. [PMID: 26180792 PMCID: PMC4477095 DOI: 10.1155/2015/290161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are present in all living organisms and they play an important role in physiological conditions. Cell growth and death, blood clotting, and immune defense are all examples of the importance of proteases in maintaining homeostasis. There is growing interest in proteases due to their use for industrial purposes. The search for proteases with specific characteristics is designed to reduce production costs and to find suitable properties for certain industrial sectors, as well as good producing organisms. Ninety percent of commercialized proteases are obtained from microbial sources and proteases from macromycetes have recently gained prominence in the search for new enzymes with specific characteristics. The production of proteases from saprophytic basidiomycetes has led to the identification of various classes of proteases. The genus Pleurotus has been extensively studied because of its ligninolytic enzymes. The characteristics of this genus are easy cultivation techniques, high yield, low nutrient requirements, and excellent adaptation. There are few studies in the literature about proteases of Pleurotus spp. This review gathers together information about proteases, especially those derived from basidiomycetes, and aims at stimulating further research about fungal proteases because of their physiological importance and their application in various industries such as biotechnology and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Dorneles Inácio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Paraná, Campus Jacarezinho, Avenue Doutor Tito s/n, Jardim Panorama, 86400-000 Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil
| | - Roselene Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aparecida Vaz de Araujo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Brugnari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Castoldi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristina Giatti Marques de Souza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moon SM, Kim JS, Kim HJ, Choi MS, Park BR, Kim SG, Ahn H, Chun HS, Shin YK, Kim JJ, Kim DK, Lee SY, Seo YW, Kim YH, Kim CS. Purification and characterization of a novel fibrinolytic α chymotrypsin like serine metalloprotease from the edible mushroom, Lyophyllum shimeji. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 117:544-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Biochemical characteristics of a fibrinolytic enzyme purified from a marine bacterium, Bacillus subtilis HQS-3. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:124-30. [PMID: 24004684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A fibrinolytic enzyme isolated from marine Bacillus subtilis HQS-3 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using ammonium sulphate precipitation, alkaline solution treatment, membrane concentration, dialysis, ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography showed that it was a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 26 kDa. The purified enzyme was active at pH 6.0-10.0 with an optimum pH of 8.0. It was stable at temperatures ranging from 25 to 37 °C, exhibiting maximum activity between 45 °C and 50 °C. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 9.0-9.2, which was higher than those of other known fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus species. PMSF, EDTA, Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Co(2+) inhibited the enzyme activity significantly. This enzyme did not cause hemolysis in vitro and preferred direct degradation of fibrin in the following order: α, β, and γ-γ chains. Thus, these results suggest that the marine-derived enzyme is a plasmin-like serine metalloprotease, which is distinct from other fibrinolytic enzymes from genus Bacillus.
Collapse
|
12
|
Choi D, Cha WS, Park N, Kim HW, Lee JH, Park JS, Park SS. Purification and characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from fruiting bodies of Korean Cordyceps militaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3279-3285. [PMID: 21071214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A fibrinolytic enzyme has been purified from the fruiting bodies of Korean Cordyceps militaris. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 34 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), fibrin-zymography, and gel filtration chromatography. The 15 amino acid residues of the N-terminal sequence of the enzyme were APVEQCDAPVGLARL, which is dissimilar to those of fibrinolytic enzymes from other mushrooms. Optimal pH and temperature values of the enzyme were 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), TPCK, 1,10-phenanthroline, Cu(2+), and Ba(2+). It was also significantly inhibited by aprotinin, EDTA, and EGTA. The enzyme showed a higher specificity for a synthetic substrate, N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide, exhibiting that it is a chymotrypsin-like serine metalloprotease. The enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed the fibrinogen Aα-, followed by the Bβ-chains and the γ-chain. The α, β, and γ-γ chains of fibrin were also degraded by the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DuBok Choi
- BK Company R&D Center, Gunsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deepak V, Ilangovan S, Sampathkumar MV, Victoria MJ, Pasha SPBS, Pandian SBRK, Gurunathan S. Medium optimization and immobilization of purified fibrinolytic URAK from Bacillus cereus NK1 on PHB nanoparticles. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
14
|
Agrebi R, Haddar A, Hmidet N, Jellouli K, Manni L, Nasri M. BSF1 fibrinolytic enzyme from a marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis A26: Purification, biochemical and molecular characterization. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
15
|
Kim JS, Kim JE, Choi BS, Park SE, Sapkota K, Kim S, Lee HH, Kim CS, Park Y, Kim MK, Kim YS, Kim SJ. Purification and characterization of fibrinolytic metalloprotease from Perenniporia fraxinea mycelia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 112:990-8. [PMID: 18550350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we purified and characterized a fibrinolytic protease from the mycelia of Perenniporia fraxinea. The apparent molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 42kDa by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), fibrin zymography and size exclusion using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The first 20 amino acid residues of the N-terminal sequence were ASYRVLPITKELLPPEFFVA, which shows a high degree of similarity with a fungalysin metallopeptidase from Coprinopsis cinerea. The optimal reaction pH value and temperature were pH 6.0 and 35-40 degrees C, respectively. Results for the fibrinolysis pattern showed that the protease rapidly hydrolyzed the fibrin alpha-chain followed by the beta-chain. The gamma-gamma chains were also hydrolyzed, but more slowly. The purified protease effectively hydrolyzed fibrinogen, preferentially digesting the Aalpha-chains of fibrinogen, followed by Bbeta- and gamma-chains. We found that protease activity was inhibited by Cu(2+), Fe(3+), and Zn(2+), but enhanced by the additions of Mn(2+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) metal ions. Furthermore, the protease activity was inhibited by EDTA, and it was found to exhibit a higher specificity for the chromogenic substrate S-2586 for chymotrypsin, indicating that the enzyme is a chymotrypsin-like metalloprotease. The mycelia of P. fraxinea may thus represent a source of new therapeutic agents to treat thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21 Research Team for Protein Activity Control, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Inatsu Y, Nakamura N, Yuriko Y, Fushimi T, Watanasiritum L, Kawamoto S. Characterization of Bacillus subtilis strains in Thua nao, a traditional fermented soybean food in northern Thailand. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 43:237-42. [PMID: 16910925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To clarify the diversity of Bacillus subtilis strains in Thua nao that produce high concentrations of products useful in food manufacturing and in health-promoting compounds. METHOD AND RESULTS Production of amylase, protease, subtilisin NAT (nattokinase), and gamma-polyglutamic acid (PGA) by the Bacillus subtilis strains in Thua nao was measured. Productivity of protease NAT by these strains tended to be higher than by Japanese commercial natto-producing strains. Molecular diversity of isolated strains was analysed via randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR fingerprinting. The strains were divided into 19 types, including a type with the same pattern as a Japanese natto-producing strain. CONCLUSION B. subtilis strains that could be a resource for effective production of protease, amylase, subtilisin NAT, or PGA were evident in Thua nao produced in various regions in northern Thailand. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study clearly demonstrated the value of Thua nao as a potential resource of food-processing enzymes and health-promoting compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Inatsu
- National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
OHSUGI T, IKEDA S, SUMI H. Anti-platelet Aggregation and Anti-blood Coagulation Activities of Dipicolinic Acid, a Sporal Component of Bacillus Subtilis Natto. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.11.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|