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Wang Q, Qiu Z, Chen Y, Song Y, Zhou A, Cao Y, Xiao J, Xiao H, Song M. Review of recent advances on health benefits, microbial transformations, and authenticity identification of Citri reticulatae Pericarpium bioactive compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37326362 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The extensive health-promoting effects of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) have attracted researchers' interest. The difference in storage time, varieties and origin of CRP are closely related to the content of bioactive compounds they contain. The consitituent transformation mediated by environmental microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and the production of new bioactive components during the storage process may be the main reason for 'the older, the better' of CRP. In addition, the gap in price between different varieties can be as large as 8 times, while the difference due to age can even reach 20 times, making the 'marketing young-CRP as old-CRP and counterfeiting origin' flood the entire market, seriously harming consumers' interests. However, so far, the research on CRP is relatively decentralized. In particular, a summary of the microbial transformation and authenticity identification of CRP has not been reported. Therefore, this review systematically summarized the recent advances on the main bioactive compounds, the major biological activities, the microbial transformation process, the structure, and content changes of the active substances during the transformation process, and authenticity identification of CRP. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives concerning the future research on CRP were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyuan Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilu Chen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuqing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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You Q, Li D, Ding H, Chen H, Hu Y, Liu Y. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolites of 12 Bioactive Polymethoxyflavones in Rat Plasma. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12705-12716. [PMID: 34699208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are a subgroup of flavonoids possessing various health benefits. 3,5,7,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone (1), 5,6,7,4'-tetramethylflavone (2), 3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (3), 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (4), 5-hydroxy-3,7,2',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (5), 3,5,7,2',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (6), 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (7), 3-hydroxy-5,7,3',4'-tetramethylflavone (8), 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (9), 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone (10), 3-hydroxy-5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone (11), and 3,5,7,3',4',5'-hexamethoxylflavone (12) were 12 bioactive and available PMFs. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic, metabolite, and antitumor activities as well as the structure-pharmacokinetic-antitumor activity relationships of these 12 PMFs to facilitate further studies of their medicinal potentials. The cytotoxicity of PMFs with a hydroxy group toward HeLa, A549, HepG2, and HCT116 cancer cell lines was generally significantly more potent than that of PMFs without a hydroxy group. Compounds 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11 were all undetectable in rat plasma, while compounds 1-4, 6, 9, and 12 were detectable. Both the number and position of hydroxy and methoxy groups played an important role in modulating PMF pharmacokinetics and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang You
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Youping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, People's Republic of China
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Yang X, Wang H, Li T, Chen L, Zheng B, Liu RH. Nobiletin Delays Aging and Enhances Stress Resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010341. [PMID: 31948007 PMCID: PMC6981590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB), one of polymethoxyflavone existing in citrus fruits, has been reported to exhibit a multitude of biological properties, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, neuroprotection, and anti-tumor activity. However, little is known about the anti-aging effect of NOB. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of NOB on lifespan, stress resistance, and its associated gene expression. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, an in vivo nematode model, we found that NOB remarkably extended the lifespan; slowed aging-related functional declines; and increased the resistance against various stressors, including heat shock and ultraviolet radiation. Also, NOB reduced the effects of paraquat stressor on nematodes and scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, gene expression revealed that NOB upregulated the expression of sod-3, hsp-16.2, gst-4, skn-1, sek-1, and sir-2.1, which was suggested that anti-aging activity of NOB was mediated most likely by activation of the target genes of the transcription factors including dauer formation (DAF)-16, heat-shock transcription factor (HSF)-1, and skinhead (SKN)-1. In summary, NOB has potential application in extension of lifespan, and its associated healthspan and stress resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Yang
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (X.Y.); (B.Z.)
| | - Hong Wang
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (X.Y.); (B.Z.)
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (R.H.L.)
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Ling Chen
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Bisheng Zheng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (X.Y.); (B.Z.)
- Guangdong ERA Food & Life Health Research Institute, Guangzhou 510670, China
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (R.H.L.)
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Yuan ZW, Li YZ, Liu ZQ, Feng SL, Zhou H, Liu CX, Liu L, Xie Y. Role of tangeretin as a potential bioavailability enhancer for silybin: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies. Pharmacol Res 2018; 128:153-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Huang JT, Cheng YY, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Structural Pharmacokinetics of Polymethoxylated Flavones in Rat Plasma Using HPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2406-2413. [PMID: 28251856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the polymethoxylated flavonoids kumatakenin, pachypodol, and retusin, which contain two, three, or four methoxy substitutions, using a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method in rats. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that the elimination half-lives for kumatakenin, pachypodol, and retusin were 30 ± 11.6, 39.4 ± 19.5, and 106.9 ± 26 min, respectively, for the low dose group and 54.5 ± 16.5, 33.8 ± 10, and 134.6 ± 34.7 min for the high dose group. The results suggested that the area under the curve values (AUC) for the analytes did not correlate with the number of methoxy groups. Pachypodol had the lowest AUC, which may have been correlated with lipophilicity, for both the low and high dose groups. In conclusion, the polymethoxylated flavonoid pachypodol is more hydrophilic than kumatakenin or retusin, which were correlated with the pharmacokinetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ting Huang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University , Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
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Kuroda Y, Ikeda R, Yamazaki T, Ito K, Uda K, Wakabayashi K, Watanabe T. Activation of human bitter taste receptors by polymethoxylated flavonoids. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2014-7. [PMID: 27379685 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1184558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tangeretin and nobiletin are polymethoxylated flavonoids in citrus peel. Both tangeretin and nobiletin are bitter; however, their bitterness has not been evaluated using human bitter taste receptors (hTAS2Rs). We screened 25 kinds of hTAS2Rs and found that hTAS2R14 and hTAS2R46 received both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kuroda
- a Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Riko Ikeda
- a Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Toyomi Yamazaki
- a Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Keisuke Ito
- a Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Kazunari Uda
- a Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- a Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Tatsuo Watanabe
- a Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
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