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Bito T, Koseki K, Asano R, Ueda N, Yamada T, Yabuta Y, Ichiyanagi T, Ishihara A, Watanabe K, Watanabe F. 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde purified from Japanese pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Nijisseiki) juice concentrate inhibits melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2374-2384. [PMID: 32674671 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1792762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pear juice concentrate prepared by boiling Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Nijisseiki) juice can significantly inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis in human skin. Using the ethanol extract of pear juice concentrate, we homogeneously purified an active compound that was identified as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) through 1H- and 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. We observed that 5-HMF inhibited the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of mushroom tyrosinase as a mixed-type inhibitor (K i values of 3.81 and 3.70 mmol/L, respectively). In B16 mouse melanoma cells, treatment with 170 µmol/L of 5-HMF significantly reduced α-melanocyte-stimulated melanin synthesis by suppressing the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent signaling pathway involved in melanogenesis. The results of our study indicated that 5-HMF can be potentially used as a skin-lightening agent in the cosmetic industry. Abbreviations: AC: adenylate cyclase; CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein; dhFAME: S-(-)-10,11-Dihydroxyfarnesoic acid methyl ester; DMEM: dulbecco's modified eagle medium; l-DOPA: 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)- l-alanine; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HEPES: 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethane sulfonic acid; 5-HMF: 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde; MITF: microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; α-MSH: α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PKA: protein kinase A; PVDF: polyvinylidene difluoride; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; TRP1: tyrosinase-related protein 1; TRP2: tyrosinase-related protein 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Bito
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University , Tottori, Japan
| | - Kyohei Koseki
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University , Tottori, Japan
| | - Ryota Asano
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University , Tottori, Japan
| | - Nakaba Ueda
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University , Tottori, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Yamada
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University , Tottori, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University , Tottori, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ichiyanagi
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University , Tottori, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University , Tottori, Japan
| | - Kishi Watanabe
- Department of Quality Control, Yawata Corporation , Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University , Tottori, Japan
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