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Denis M, Ziebal C, Boscher E, Picard S, Perrot M, Nova MV, Roussel S, Diara A, Pourcher AM. Occurrence and Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Two Pig Manure Treatment Plants in France. Microbes Environ 2022; 37:ME22019. [PMID: 36372433 PMCID: PMC9763045 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Listeria monocytogenes in piggery effluents intended for irrigation crops may be a source of bacterial dissemination in agriculture. The occurrence and diversity of L. monocytogenes in the farm environment were examined in two pig manure treatment systems (S1 and S2). Samples collected over the course of one year consisted of manure, the liquid fraction of treated manure (lagoon effluent), and soil surrounding the lagoon. L. monocytogenes was enumerated using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, serotyped by PCR, genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and sequenced for multilocus sequence typing (MLST). L. monocytogenes was detected in 92% of manure samples and in approximately 50% of lagoon effluent and soil samples. Concentrations ranged between 5 and 103 MPN 100 mL-1. Serogroups IIa, IIb, and IVb were identified. Diversity was high with 44 PFGE profiles (252 isolates) and 17 clonal complexes (CCs) (96 isolates) with higher diversity in manure at site S1 supplied by four farms. Some PFGE profiles and CCs identified in manure or in pig feces from a previous study were also detected in lagoons and/or soil, reflecting pig L. monocytogenes circulation throughout the manure treatment and in the vicinity of the sampling sites. However, some PFGE profiles and CCs were only found in the lagoon and/or in soil, suggesting an origin other than pigs. The present study highlights the limited ability of biological treatments to eliminate L. monocytogenes from pig manure. The persistence of some PFGE profiles and CCs throughout the year in the lagoon and soil shows the ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in this type of environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Denis
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, Ploufragan, France, Corresponding author. E-mail: ; Tel: +33–296016231; Fax: +33–296018538
| | - Christine Ziebal
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Evelyne Boscher
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sylvie Picard
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Morgane Perrot
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, Ploufragan, France,INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Meryl Vila Nova
- ANSES, Unit Salmonella and Listeria, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, Unit Salmonella and Listeria, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Arnaud Diara
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
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Huang TC, Chen CJ, Ding SJ, Chen CC. Antimicrobial efficacy of methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy on titanium alloy surfaces in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 25:7-16. [PMID: 30439531 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial elimination using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been considered an alternative therapeutic modality in peri-implantitis treatment. The present in vitro study evaluated the dose-dependent and pH-dependent bactericidal effects of methylene blue (MB)-mediated aPDT at eliminating Gram-negative (P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans) and Gram-positive (S. mutans) bacteria on sandblasting, large-grit and acid-etching (SLA)-pretreated titanium alloy. The effects of different MB concentrations (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL), the pH of the MB (4, 7, and 10), and irradiation time (0, 30, and 60 s) on the bacterial viability and residual lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were examined. The variations in the pH of the MB solution after aPDT for 60 s on the uncontaminated and contaminated specimens were also detected. The experimental results indicated that MB-mediated PDT could effectively kill the majority of bacteria on the titanium alloy surfaces of biofilm-contaminated implants compared with the MB alone. Of note, aPDT exhibited better antibacterial efficacy with increase in the MB concentration and irradiation time. While treated in an acidic solution on the biofilm-contaminated specimens, aPDT caused the pH to increase. By contrast, the initially high alkaline pH decreased to a value of about pH 8.5 after aPDT. Intriguingly, the neutral pH had minor changes, independent of the MB concentration and bacterial species. As expected, aPDT with higher MB concentration at higher pH environment significantly lowered the LPS concentration of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. On the basis of the data, the aPDT with 200 μg/mL MB at pH 10 for 60 s of irradiation time might be an effectively treatment to eliminate bacteria and LPS adherent to titanium surface, however, the use of the multispecies biofilm model and the evaluation of in vitro osteogenesis needed to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun-Chin Huang
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chen
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Cheng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
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Komora N, Bruschi C, Magalhães R, Ferreira V, Teixeira P. Survival of Listeria monocytogenes with different antibiotic resistance patterns to food-associated stresses. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 245:79-87. [PMID: 28157581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing rise of antibiotic resistant microbial pathogens has become one of the major public health threats worldwide. Despite all the effort and actions taken so far, a proliferation of antibiotic resistant (AR) and multi-antibiotic resistant (MAR) strains is still observed, including in foodborne pathogens. This trend has been also noted recently for isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, a species that, although remaining largely sensitive to clinically relevant antimicrobials, has been reported to develop increased tolerance to antibiotics, particularly in isolates recovered from the food-chain. In this study we compared the ability of MAR (n=8), AR (n=18) and antibiotic susceptible (AS, n=11) L. monocytogenes strains from food and clinical origin to survive to different environmental stress conditions, including temperature (58°C), acidic stress (1% v/v lactic acid, pH3.5), and osmotic stress (37% w/v NaCl). The presence of antibiotic active efflux among MAR and AR strains, and its role on L. monocytogenes tolerance to different antimicrobial compounds was also investigated, namely; hydrogen peroxide; organic acids (acetic, citric and lactic); nisin; benzalkonium chloride (BC); and, sodium nitrite. While no significant differences were observed in the survival of the 37 strains exposed to high temperature (58°C), overall the mean logarithmic reduction of clinical strains was statistically lower after acid and salt exposure than that observed for strains of food origin; but both food and clinical strains resistant to two or three antibiotics were significantly less susceptible to acid (lactic acid 1% v/v) and osmotic stresses (37% w/v NaCl) when compared to AS strains. Using the EtBr-agar Cartwheel method, it was possible to detect efflux pumps in three of the 26 MAR and AR isolates, including one control strain; the active efflux in theses isolates was proven to be associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, and possible extrusion of BC and hydrogen peroxide. The mechanisms responsible for the possible correlation between resistance to antibiotics and to acid or salt stress in L. monocytogenes have yet to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norton Komora
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Bruschi
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Magalhães
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Ferreira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Teixeira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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Miranda RC, Schaffner DW. Longer Contact Times Increase Cross-Contamination of Enterobacter aerogenes from Surfaces to Food. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6490-6496. [PMID: 27590818 PMCID: PMC5066366 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01838-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cross-contamination from surfaces to food can contribute to foodborne disease. The cross-contamination rate of Enterobacter aerogenes on household surfaces was evaluated by using scenarios that differed by surface type, food type, contact time (<1, 5, 30, and 300 s), and inoculum matrix (tryptic soy broth or peptone buffer). The surfaces used were stainless steel, tile, wood, and carpet. The food types were watermelon, bread, bread with butter, and gummy candy. Surfaces (25 cm2) were spot inoculated with 1 ml of inoculum and allowed to dry for 5 h, yielding an approximate concentration of 107 CFU/surface. Foods (with a 16-cm2 contact area) were dropped onto the surfaces from a height of 12.5 cm and left to rest as appropriate. Posttransfer, surfaces and foods were placed in sterile filter bags and homogenized or massaged, diluted, and plated on tryptic soy agar. The transfer rate was quantified as the log percent transfer from the surface to the food. Contact time, food, and surface type all had highly significant effects (P < 0.000001) on the log percent transfer of bacteria. The inoculum matrix (tryptic soy broth or peptone buffer) also had a significant effect on transfer (P = 0.013), and most interaction terms were significant. More bacteria transferred to watermelon (∼0.2 to 97%) than to any other food, while the least bacteria transferred to gummy candy (∼0.1 to 62%). Transfer of bacteria to bread (∼0.02 to 94%) was similar to transfer of bacteria to bread with butter (∼0.02 to 82%), and these transfer rates under a given set of conditions were more variable than with watermelon and gummy candy. IMPORTANCE The popular notion of the "five-second rule" is that food dropped on the floor and left there for <5 s is "safe" because bacteria need time to transfer. The rule has been explored by a single study in the published literature and on at least two television shows. Results from two academic laboratories have been shared through press releases but remain unpublished. We explored this topic by using four different surfaces (stainless steel, ceramic tile, wood, and carpet), four different foods (watermelon, bread, bread with butter, and gummy candy), four different contact times (<1, 5, 30, and 300 s), and two bacterial preparation methods. Although we found that longer contact times result in more transfer, we also found that other factors, including the nature of the food and the surface, are of equal or greater importance. Some transfer takes place "instantaneously," at times of <1 s, disproving the five-second rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn C Miranda
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Donald W Schaffner
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Yang Y, Kadim MI, Khoo WJ, Zheng Q, Setyawati MI, Shin YJ, Lee SC, Yuk HG. Membrane lipid composition and stress/virulence related gene expression of Salmonella Enteritidis cells adapted to lactic acid and trisodium phosphate and their resistance to lethal heat and acid stress. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 191:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Gabriel AA, Arellano RU. Decimal reduction times of acid-adapted and non-adapted Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes in young Cocos nucifera Linn. liquid endosperm. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gurtler JB, Bailey RB, Geveke DJ, Zhang HQ. Pulsed electric field inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and non-pathogenic surrogate E. coli in strawberry juice as influenced by sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and citric acid. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Giotis ES, Muthaiyan A, Natesan S, Wilkinson BJ, Blair IS, McDowell DA. Transcriptome analysis of alkali shock and alkali adaptation in Listeria monocytogenes 10403S. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:1147-57. [PMID: 20677981 PMCID: PMC3132107 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkali stress is an important means of inactivating undesirable pathogens in a wide range of situations. Unfortunately, Listeria monocytogenes can launch an alkaline tolerance response, significantly increasing persistence of the pathogen in such environments. This study compared transcriptome patterns of alkali and non-alkali-stressed L. monocytogenes 10403S cells, to elucidate the mechanisms by which Listeria adapts and/or grows during short- or long-term alkali stress. Transcription profiles associated with alkali shock (AS) were obtained by DNA microarray analysis of midexponential cells suspended in pH 9 media for 15, 30, or 60 min. Transcription profiles associated with alkali adaptation (AA) were obtained similarly from cells grown to midexponential phase at pH 9. Comparison of AS and AA transcription profiles with control cell profiles identified a high number of differentially regulated open-reading frames in all tested conditions. Rapid (15 min) changes in expression included upregulation of genes encoding for multiple metabolic pathways (including those associated with Na+/H+ antiporters), ATP-binding cassette transporters of functional compatible solutes, motility, and virulence-associated genes as well as the σ(B) controlled stress resistance network. Slower (30 min and more) responses to AS and adaptation during growth in alkaline conditions (AA) involved a different pattern of changes in mRNA concentrations, and genes involved in proton export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios S. Giotis
- Food Microbiology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Microbiology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Arunachalam Muthaiyan
- Microbiology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Senthil Natesan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont
| | - Brian J. Wilkinson
- Microbiology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Ian S. Blair
- Food Microbiology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - David A. McDowell
- Food Microbiology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Giotis ES, Blair IS, McDowell DA. Morphological changes in Listeria monocytogenes subjected to sublethal alkaline stress. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 120:250-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Giotis ES, McDowell DA, Blair IS, Wilkinson BJ. Role of branched-chain fatty acids in pH stress tolerance in Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:997-1001. [PMID: 17114323 PMCID: PMC1800763 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00865-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In alkaline conditions, Listeria monocytogenes cells develop higher proportions of branched-chain fatty acids (FAs), including more anteiso forms. In acid conditions, the opposite occurs. Reduced growth of pH-sensitive mutants at adverse pH (5.0/9.0) was alleviated by the addition of 2-methylbutyrate (an anteiso-FA precursor), suggesting that anteiso-FAs are important in adaptation to adverse pH. The balance between anteiso- and iso-FAs may be more important than changes in the amounts and/or degrees of saturation of FAs in pH adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios S Giotis
- Food Microbiology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Shore Road, Whiteabbey, Northern Ireland BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
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