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Idrees M, Imran M, Atiq N, Zahra R, Abid R, Alreshidi M, Roberts T, Abdelgadir A, Tipu MK, Farid A, Olawale OA, Ghazanfar S. Probiotics, their action modality and the use of multi-omics in metamorphosis of commensal microbiota into target-based probiotics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:959941. [PMID: 36185680 PMCID: PMC9523698 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.959941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article addresses the strategic formulation of human probiotics and allows the reader to walk along the journey that metamorphoses commensal microbiota into target-based probiotics. It recapitulates what are probiotics, their history, and the main mechanisms through which probiotics exert beneficial effects on the host. It articulates how a given probiotic preparation could not be all-encompassing and how each probiotic strain has its unique repertoire of functional genes. It answers what criteria should be met to formulate probiotics intended for human use, and why certain probiotics meet ill-fate in pre-clinical and clinical trials? It communicates the reasons that taint the reputation of probiotics and cause discord between the industry, medical and scientific communities. It revisits the notion of host-adapted strains carrying niche-specific genetic modifications. Lastly, this paper emphasizes the strategic development of target-based probiotics using host-adapted microbial isolates with known molecular effectors that would serve as better candidates for bioprophylactic and biotherapeutic interventions in disease-susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Idrees
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naima Atiq
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabaab Zahra
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rameesha Abid
- National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tim Roberts
- Metabolic Research Group, Faculty of Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdelmuhsin Abdelgadir
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad, Pakistan
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