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Dong Q, Chen M, Yu C, Zhang Y, Zha L, Kakumyan P, Yang H, Zhao Y. Combined Proteomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Comprehensive Regulation of Stropharia rugosoannulata Mycelia Exposed to Cadmium Stress. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:134. [PMID: 38392806 PMCID: PMC10890358 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential of Stropharia rugosoannulata as a microbial remediation material for cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil lies in its capacity to absorb and accumulate Cd in its mycelia. This study utilized the TMT and LC-MS techniques to conduct integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses with the aim of investigating the mycelial response mechanisms of S. rugosoannulata under low- and high-Cd stresses. The results revealed that mycelia employed a proactive defense mechanism to maintain their physiological functions, leading to reduced sensitivity to low-Cd stress. The ability of mycelia to withstand high levels of Cd stress was influenced primarily by the comprehensive regulation of six metabolic pathways, which led to a harmonious balance between nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism and to reductions in oxidative stress and growth inhibition caused by Cd. The results provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the response of S. rugosoannulata mycelia to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dong
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Changxia Yu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Lei Zha
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Huanling Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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Wang W, Yamaguchi S, Koyama M, Nakamura K. Evaluation of the Antihypertensive Activity of Eggplant Acetylcholine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062835. [PMID: 36985807 PMCID: PMC10051710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily consumption of eggplant powder containing 2.3 mg acetylcholine (ACh) is known to alleviate hypertension and improve mental status. However, eggplant powder used in clinical trials also contains the antihypertensive compound γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although our previous study indicated that the main antihypertensive compound in eggplant is ACh, given that GABA amounts in eggplant do not reach the effective dosage, the effects of GABA on the antihypertensive effect of eggplant remain unclear. It is necessary to establish whether there is a synergistic effect between GABA and ACh and whether GABA in eggplant exerts antihypertensive effects. Consequently, here we sought to evaluate the effects of GABA on the antihypertensive effects of eggplant. We used a probability sum (q) test to investigate the combined effects of ACh and GABA and prepared eggplant powder with very low ACh content for oral administration in animals. ACh and GABA exhibited additive effects but the GABA content in eggplants was not sufficient to promote a hypotensive effect. In conclusion, ACh is the main component associated with the antihypertensive effects of eggplant but GABA within eggplants has a minimal effect in this regard. Thus, compared with GABA, ACh could be a more effective functional food constituent for lowering blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamaguchi
- Wellnas Co., Ltd., 1-28-5 Koenjiminami, Suginami-Ku, Tokyo 166-0003, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Masahiro Koyama
- Wellnas Co., Ltd., 1-28-5 Koenjiminami, Suginami-Ku, Tokyo 166-0003, Japan
| | - Kozo Nakamura
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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Dong Q, Chen M, Zhang Y, Song P, Yang H, Zhao Y, Yu C, Zha L. Integrated physiologic and proteomic analysis of Stropharia rugosoannulata mycelia in response to Cd stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129877. [PMID: 36067563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil Cd pollution seriously threatens environment and human health. Due to its ability to absorb and accumulate Cd in mycelia, Stropharia rugosoannulata could be a potential candidate for bioremediation of Cd-contaminated soils; however, the response mechanism of mycelia to Cd stress is still unclear. In this study, the physiologic and proteomic differences of S. rugosoannulata mycelia under 0.2 mg/L (low) and 2 mg/L (high) Cd stress were investigated. The results showed that Cd accumulation and mycelial growth inhibition exhibited a concentration-depended trend. Analysis of antioxidant system indicated that SOD, GR, GSH, GSSG and ASA played key roles in resisting the toxic effects of Cd. Via proteome analysis, 24 and 267 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were observed under low and high Cd stress, respectively. GO and KEGG analysis found that the mycelial growth inhibition might due to the down-regulation of some DEPs involved in "valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis" and "tyrosine metabolism"; the certain tolerance to high Cd stress might attribute to the regulation of DEPs referred to energy metabolism and antioxidant system-related pathways, maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and removing ROS. These results provide a theoretical basis for further elucidation of response mechanisms in S. rugosoannulata to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dong
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201403, China; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201403, China; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201403, China; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Panpan Song
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201403, China; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Huanling Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201403, China; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201403, China; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Changxia Yu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201403, China; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Lei Zha
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201403, China; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
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Wang W, Yamaguchi S, Koyama M, Tian S, Ino A, Miyatake K, Nakamura K. LC-MS/MS Analysis of Choline Compounds in Japanese-Cultivated Vegetables and Fruits. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081029. [PMID: 32752118 PMCID: PMC7466321 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient and choline esters are potential functional food ingredients. We aimed to analyze the choline compound content in 19 cultivated fruits and vegetables and identify those with high acetylcholine content. We utilized liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to quantify choline compounds according to the standard addition method. Choline compounds were extracted from lyophilized fruit/vegetable powders and passed through a weakly acidic cation exchange column, resulting in a concentrated solution of choline compounds. The compounds were separated on a pentafluorophenyl column and then analyzed using positive mode electrospray ionization. Results showed that acetylcholine and choline were the primary choline compounds in all agricultural products; propionylcholine and butyrylcholine were minor compounds in 17 and 12 agricultural products, respectively. The acetylcholine concentration was 2900-fold higher in eggplants (6.12 mg/100 g fresh weight [FW]) than in other agricultural products (average: 2.11 × 10−3 mg/100 g FW). The concentration of acetylcholine differed only 2-fold between eggplant cultivars with the highest (′Higomurasaki′: 5.53 mg/100 g FW) and lowest (′Onaga nasu′: 2.79 mg/100 g FW) concentrations. The half-life of acetylcholine in eggplants was approximately 16 days, which is longer the shelf life of eggplants. Thus, eggplants can be a good source of acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (W.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shohei Yamaguchi
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (W.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Masahiro Koyama
- Wellnas Co., Ltd., Toranomon Masters Building 6F, 1-12-14, Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan;
| | - Su Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China;
| | - Aya Ino
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, 1100 Hataeda, Nankoku, Kochi 783-0023, Japan;
| | - Koji Miyatake
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, 360 Kusawa, Ano-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan;
| | - Kozo Nakamura
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (W.W.); (S.Y.)
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-265-77-1638
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Nishimura M, Suzuki M, Takahashi R, Yamaguchi S, Tsubaki K, Fujita T, Nishihira J, Nakamura K. Daily Ingestion of Eggplant Powder Improves Blood Pressure and Psychological State in Stressed Individuals: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112797. [PMID: 31744060 PMCID: PMC6893753 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is a globally popular vegetable and its significant health effect has not been reported in randomized controlled trials. Recently, we reported that eggplant was rich in choline esters, including acetylcholine (ACh), and had an antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Here, we evaluated the effects of a continuous intake of eggplant powder on blood pressure (BP), stress, and psychological state (PS) in 100 stressed participants with normal-high BP or grade 1 hypertension in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparative study. The participants were randomly assigned to the eggplant or placebo group. Participants in the eggplant group ingested capsules containing eggplant powder (1.2 g/day; 2.3 mg of ACh/day) for 12 weeks, whereas participants in the placebo group ingested placebo capsules. The primary outcome assessed was hospital BP. Secondary outcomes were stress and PS. Eggplant powder intake significantly decreased the hospital diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at week 8 overall and in the normal-high BP group, and the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP at week 12 overall and in the grade 1 hypertension group, compared to those of the placebo group. It also improved negative PSs at week 8 or 12 in the normal-high BP group. This is the first evidence of the BP- and PS-improving effects of eggplant intake in humans. The functional substance responsible for the effects was estimated to be eggplant-derived choline ester, namely ACh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Nishimura
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan;
| | - Miho Suzuki
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (M.S.); (R.T.); (T.F.)
| | - Ryuto Takahashi
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (M.S.); (R.T.); (T.F.)
| | - Shohei Yamaguchi
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan;
| | - Kazufumi Tsubaki
- Future Business Search Team, Planning Department, R & D Division, ADEKA co., Tokyo 116-8554, Japan;
| | - Tomoyuki Fujita
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (M.S.); (R.T.); (T.F.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan;
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan;
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (K.N.); Tel.: +81-11-385-4411 (J.N.); +81-265-77-1638 (K.N.)
| | - Kozo Nakamura
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (M.S.); (R.T.); (T.F.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan;
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (K.N.); Tel.: +81-11-385-4411 (J.N.); +81-265-77-1638 (K.N.)
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Toyoizumi T, Ohba S, Fujii KS, Ikegaya A, Matsuura H, Nakajima T. Differential GABA concentration gradients are present in the edible parts of greenhouse melon (Cucumis melo L.) during all four seasonal croppings. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:330-338. [PMID: 30380994 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1537774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Food-derived gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) exhibits health-promoting benefits, and melon contain high GABA concentrations. Greenhouse melons (Cucumis melo L. "Earl's Favorite") cultivated in Japan have identical or more edible parts than cultivars in other countries, however GABA distribution and the effects of seasonal variations are unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate GABA concentration gradients in four seasonal melons and how glutamic acid (Glu) influences the establishment of these gradients. GABA concentration was significantly lower near the exocarp than in the peduncle, equator, and remnant style regions in most seasons. Glu and GABA concentrations showed similar trends and were significantly correlated near the remnant style. No significant differences in GABA and Glu concentration were detected at concyclic sites across horizontal sections. These data indicate that GABA and Glu concentration differs substantially along a vertical melon section, but less so along a horizontal section, among sampling regions, sites, and cropping season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Toyoizumi
- a Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry , Iwata , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Seiji Ohba
- a Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry , Iwata , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Kyo-Suke Fujii
- b Shizuoka Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry College , Iwata , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikegaya
- a Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry , Iwata , Shizuoka , Japan.,c Department of Food and Nutritional Sciensces , University of Shizuoka , Suruga-ku , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- a Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry , Iwata , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Teruko Nakajima
- a Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry , Iwata , Shizuoka , Japan
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Yamaguchi S, Matsumoto K, Koyama M, Tian S, Watanabe M, Takahashi A, Miyatake K, Nakamura K. Antihypertensive effects of orally administered eggplant (Solanum melongena) rich in acetylcholine on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Chem 2018; 276:376-382. [PMID: 30409608 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Our previous results (Nakamura et al., 2013, 2016) indicated that acetylcholine (ACh) in orally administered foods exerts antihypertensive effects. Eggplants (Solanum melongena) contain abundant ACh (Horiuchi et al., 2003), and their food functionality was discovered, using spontaneously hypertensive rats, by measuring blood pressure after oral administration of a suspension of lyophilized eggplant powder. We found that lyophilized eggplant powder induced significantly lowered acute and chronic blood pressure levels at very low doses of 0.0650 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) and 0.821 mg/(kg b.w.·day), respectively. Chronic administration suppressed adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion in the urine, and aorta assays showed that eggplant acted on the M3 muscarinic ACh receptor (M3 mAChR). ACh was conclusively shown to function as the main component of eggplant contributing to antihypertensive activity by suppressing sympathetic nervous activity via M3 mAChR. This report reveals a new food functionality of eggplant and its potential as a novel antihypertensive food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yamaguchi
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kento Matsumoto
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Masahiro Koyama
- Wellnas. Co., Ltd., 508-2, Fii Building, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Su Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Masanori Watanabe
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takahashi
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, 1100 Hataeda, Nankoku, Kochi 783-0023, Japan
| | - Koji Miyatake
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, 360 Kusawa, Ano-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Kozo Nakamura
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
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