1
|
Li M, Li S, Liu B, Jiang T, Zhang D, Cao L, He L, Gong W. Rheological behavior, crystallization properties, and foaming performance of chain-extended poly (lactic acid) by functionalized epoxy. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32799-32809. [PMID: 35493589 PMCID: PMC9042192 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06382k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The branched/micro-crosslinked structure formed by chain extension reaction between EGMA and PLA improved the rheological behavior and crystallization properties of PLA, which ameliorated the foaming performance of various PLA samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Bujin Liu
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Tuanhui Jiang
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Di Zhang
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Lushuai Cao
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Li He
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Gong
- The Institute of Materials and Construction of Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghosh R, Misra A. Tailored viscoelasticity of a polymer cellular structure through nanoscale entanglement of carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5375-5383. [PMID: 36132051 PMCID: PMC9417187 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional carbon nanotube (CNT) cellular structure presents a unique revelation of microstructure dependent mechanical and viscoelastic properties. Tailored CNT-CNT entanglement demonstrated a direct impact on both the strength and viscosity of the structure. Unlike traditional foams, an increase in the CNT-CNT entanglement progressively increases both the strength and the viscosity. The study reveals that an effective load is directly transferred within the structure through the short-range entanglements (nodes) resulting in an enhanced mechanical strength, whereas the long-range entanglements (bundles) regulate the energy absorption capacity. A three-dimensional structure of entangled CNT-CNT shows ∼15 and ∼26 times enhancement in the storage and loss moduli, respectively. The higher peak stress and energy loss are increased by ∼9.2 fold and ∼8.8 fold, respectively, compared to those of the cellular structures without entanglement. The study also revealed that the viscoelastic properties i.e. the Young's modulus, stress relaxation, strain rate sensitivity and fatigue properties can be modulated by tailoring the CNT-CNT entanglements within the cellular structure. A qualitative analysis is performed using finite element simulation to show the impact of CNT-CNT entanglements on the viscoelastic properties. The finding paves a way for designing a new class of meta-cellular materials which are viscous yet strong for shock absorbing or mechanical damping applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Ghosh
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Karnataka India 560012 +91-80-2293-3198
| | - Abha Misra
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Karnataka India 560012 +91-80-2293-3198
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Highly expanded fine-cell foam of polylactide/polyhydroxyalkanoate/nano-fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene composites blown with mold-opening injection molding. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:286-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
4
|
Zheng T, Pilla S. Melt Processing of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Filled Composites: Toward Reinforcement and Foam Nucleation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, 4 Research Drive, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
| | - Srikanth Pilla
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, 4 Research Drive, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29602, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Umemura K, Sato S. Scanning Techniques for Nanobioconjugates of Carbon Nanotubes. SCANNING 2018; 2018:6254692. [PMID: 30008981 PMCID: PMC6020491 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6254692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanobioconjugates using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive and promising hybrid materials. Various biological applications using the CNT nanobioconjugates, for example, drug delivery systems and nanobiosensors, have been proposed by many authors. Scanning techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) have advantages to characterize the CNT nanobioconjugates under various conditions, for example, isolated conjugates, conjugates in thin films, and conjugates in living cells. In this review article, almost 300 papers are categorized based on types of CNT applications, and various scanning data are introduced to illuminate merits of scanning techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan
| | - Shizuma Sato
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Srithep Y, Pholharn D, Turng LS. Characterization of Stereocomplex Polylactide/Nanoclay Nanocomposites. INT POLYM PROC 2017. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA)/poly(D-lactide) (PDLA)/nanoclay nanocomposites with nanoclay contents ranging from 1% to 8% w/w were prepared by melt blending using an internal mixer. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results confirmed that complete stereocomplex polylactide (PLA) crystallites without any homocrystallites were produced when equal amounts of PLLA and PLDA were mixed. The nanoclay in the stereocomplex polylactide nanocomposites acted as a nucleating agent that significantly enhanced stereocomplex crystallization, resulting in smaller and finer spherulites. Compared to neat PLLA, the melting temperature of the stereocomplex polylactide and its nanocomposites was about 55°C higher. The crystallization temperature of the stereocomplex nanocomposites was also 16°C and 55°C higher than that of the stereocomplex PLA and neat PLLA, respectively. These significant increases in transition temperatures improved the thermal stability of the stereocomplex nanocomposites compared to regular polylactide, which was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA results also showed that increasing nanoclay content increased the thermal stability of the stereocomplex nanocomposites. Finally, XRD and transmission electron microscopy showed an intercalation nanoclay basal spacing of 3.22 nm in the stereocomplex nanocomposites; a slight increase from the 1.86 nm basal spacing in the as-received nanoclay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Srithep
- Manufacturing and Materials Research Unit , Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham , Thailand
| | - D. Pholharn
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham , Thailand
| | - L.-S. Turng
- Polymer Engineering Center , Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pradeep SA, Kharbas H, Turng LS, Avalos A, Lawrence JG, Pilla S. Investigation of Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties of Biodegradable PLA/PBSA Composites Processed via Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Foam Injection Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9010022. [PMID: 30970698 PMCID: PMC6432243 DOI: 10.3390/polym9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based polymer foams have been gaining immense attention in recent years due to their positive contribution towards reducing the global carbon footprint, lightweighting, and enhancing sustainability. Currently, polylactic acid (PLA) remains the most abundant commercially consumed biopolymer, but suffers from major drawbacks such as slow crystallization rate and poor melt processability. However, blending of PLA with a secondary polymer would enhance the crystallization rate and the thermal properties based on their compatibility. This study investigates the physical and compatibilized blends of PLA/poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) processed via supercritical fluid-assisted (ScF) injection molding technology using nitrogen (N2) as a facile physical blowing agent. Furthermore, this study aims at understanding the effect of blending and ScF foaming of PLA/PBSA on crystallinity, melting, and viscoelastic behavior. Results show that compatibilization, upon addition of triphenyl phosphite (TPP), led to an increase in molecular weight and a shift in melting temperature. Additionally, the glass transition temperature (Tg) obtained from the tanδ curve was observed to be in agreement with the Tg value predicted by the Gordon–Taylor equation, further confirming the compatibility of PLA and PBSA. The compatibilization of ScF-foamed PLA–PBSA was found to have an increased crystallinity and storage modulus compared to their physically foamed counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Aditya Pradeep
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29607, USA.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Hrishikesh Kharbas
- Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Abraham Avalos
- Polymer Institute, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | | | - Srikanth Pilla
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29607, USA.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poly(lactic acid)-Based Materials for Automotive Applications. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2017_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Mat Desa MSZ, Hassan A, Arsad A, Arjmandi R, Mohammad NNB. Influence of rubber content on mechanical, thermal, and morphological behavior of natural rubber toughened poly(lactic acid)-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shaiful Zaidi Mat Desa
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak; 26300 Gambang Kuantan Malaysia
| | - Azman Hassan
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Agus Arsad
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Reza Arjmandi
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Nor Nisa Balqis Mohammad
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mechanical and morphological properties of injection molded linear and branched-polylactide (PLA) nanocomposite foams. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Peng J, Zhang C, Mi H, Peng XF, Turng LS. Study of Solid and Microcellular Injection-Molded Poly(butylenes adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly(vinyl alcohol) Biodegradable Parts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie500451s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Polymer
Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Polymer
Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haoyang Mi
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiang-Fang Peng
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Polymer
Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Srithep Y, Turng LS. Microcellular injection molding of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends with chain extenders and nanoclay. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2013-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) resin is one of the most widely used thermoplastics, especially in packaging. Due to thermal and hydrolytic degradations, recycled PET (RPET) exhibits poor mechanical properties and lacks moldability. The effects of adding chain extender (CE) and nanoclay to RPET were investigated. Melt blending of RPET with CE was performed in a thermokinetic mixer (K-mixer). The blended materials were then prepared via solid and microcellular injection molding processes. The effects of CE loading levels and the simultaneous addition of nanoclay on the thermal and mechanical properties and cell morphology of the microcellular components were noted. The addition of 1.3% CE enhanced the tensile properties and viscosity of RPET. The higher amount of CE (at 3%) enhanced the viscosity, but the margin of improvement in mechanical properties diminished. While the solid RPET and CE blends were fairly ductile, the samples with nanoclay and all microcellular specimens showed brittle fractural behavior. Finally, nanoclay and the increase of CE content decreased the average cell size and enlarged the cell density of the microcellular samples.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ameli A, Jahani D, Nofar M, Jung PU, Park CB. Processing and characterization of solid and foamed injection-molded polylactide with talc. J CELL PLAST 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x13481993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) suffers from poor processability due to its low melt strength and slow crystallization kinetics and it is thus very challenging to achieve uniformly distributed fine-celled PLA foams with high void fractions in injection molding process. In this work, the low-pressure structural foam molding of linear PLA with a relatively high void fraction of ∼30% was conducted and by fine tuning the talc content and the foaming and processing parameters, a relatively uniform fine-celled structure with improved cell size and cell density was successfully produced. The effects of twin-screw compounding and the addition of talc on the foaming behavior, structural uniformity, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of the solid and foamed PLA samples were investigated. The results showed that the addition of 5 wt.% talc significantly improved the foaming properties such as cell density, cell size, structural uniformity, and consequently improved the mechanical properties of foams. The twin-screw compounding before injection molding did not significantly change the foaming behavior, but adversely affected the mechanical properties of the solid and foamed PLA samples due to mechanical and thermal degradation. The changes in the mechanical properties were discussed in terms of the crystallinity, talc toughening effect, and foam quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aboutaleb Ameli
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Davoud Jahani
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter U Jung
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peng J, Yu E, Sun X, Turng LS, Peng XF. Study of Microcellular Injection Molding with Expandable Thermoplastic Microsphere. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Injection molding with expandable thermoplastic microspheres (ETM) containing blowing chemicals is capable of fabricating lightweight, dimensionally stable plastic parts while using less material. This paper presents the study of microcellular injection molding of low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) parts with various ETM contents. It was found that the molded parts exhibit relatively better surface quality than conventional foamed parts. The microcellular morphology and cell density of the fractured cross-sectional surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As reflected by the testing results, the cell microstructure – such as cell size, cell density, and a layered structure with a foamed core sandwiched by skin layers – play an important role in the weight reduction, surface quality, and mechanical properties. A smaller cell diameter and a thicker skin layer help to improve the surface quality and tensile properties of the injection molded parts with ETM. Finally, an appropriate ETM content has a positive effect on cell microstructure and weight reduction, whereas too high a concentration of microspheres adversely affects the tensile properties and surface quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - E. Yu
- Polymer Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - X. Sun
- Polymer Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L.-S. Turng
- Polymer Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - X.-F. Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Peng J, Srithep Y, Wang J, Yu E, Turng LS, Peng XF. Comparisons of microcellular polylactic acid parts injection molded with supercritical nitrogen and expandable thermoplastic microspheres: Surface roughness, tensile properties, and morphology. J CELL PLAST 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x12453241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microcellular injection molding is capable of fabricating light weight, dimensionally stable plastic parts while using less material and energy. Two kinds of blowing agents, namely, supercritical nitrogen and expandable thermoplastic microspheres, were employed to produce foamed polylactic acid parts. The surface characteristics were evaluated with a 2D surface roughness analyzer and a 3D white-light interferometer surface profiler. Through surface roughness comparisons, injection molded ASTM tensile test bars with expandable thermoplastic microspheres exhibited better surface quality than their supercritical nitrogen counterparts. The tensile properties of injection molded polylactic acid tensile bars with nitrogen and expandable thermoplastic microspheres at various weight concentrations were investigated. The results showed that the polylactic acid/nitrogen parts possessed a better Young’s modulus and tensile strength. The microstructure on the fractured cross-sectional surfaces was characterized using a scanning electron microscope. As reflected by the testing results, the cell microstructure—such as cell size and cell density, and multi-layered structure with a foamed core sandwiched by skin layers—played an important role in the surface quality and mechanical properties. In addition, while an appropriate expandable thermoplastic microsphere content had a positive effect on the cell microstructure and weight reduction, too high of a concentration of expandable thermoplastic microsphere adversely affected the tensile properties and surface roughness of the microcellular polylactic acid tensile test bars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yottha Srithep
- Polymer Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Emily Yu
- Polymer Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Polymer Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiang-Fang Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wong A, Park CB. The effects of extensional stresses on the foamability of polystyrene–talc composites blown with carbon dioxide. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Liao Q, Tsui A, Billington S, Frank CW. Extruded foams from microbial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and its blends with cellulose acetate butyrate. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
19
|
Javadi A, Srithep Y, Pilla S, Clemons CC, Gong S, Turng LS. Microcellular poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)-hyperbranched polymer-nanoclay nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Ge XG, George S, Law S, Sain M. Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Polylactide Composites with Acrylic Impact Modifier. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.557585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guo Ge
- a Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan George
- a Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shiang Law
- a Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohini Sain
- a Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rizvi R, Khan O, Naguib HE. Development and characterization of solid and porous polylactide-multiwall carbon nanotube composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
22
|
Processing and characterization of solid and microcellular PHBV/coir fiber composites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
23
|
Javadi A, Kramschuster AJ, Pilla S, Lee J, Gong S, Turng LS. Processing and characterization of microcellular PHBV/PBAT blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
24
|
Zheng WG, Lee YH, Park CB. Use of nanoparticles for improving the foaming behaviors of linear PP. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
25
|
Microcellular extrusion foaming of poly(lactide)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010; 30:255-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
Pilla S, Kim SG, Auer GK, Gong S, Park CB. Microcellular extrusion-foaming of polylactide with chain-extender. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
27
|
Pilla S, Kramschuster A, Yang L, Lee J, Gong S, Turng LS. Microcellular injection-molding of polylactide with chain-extender. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|