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Sepsova V, Karasova JZ, Korabecny J, Dolezal R, Zemek F, Bennion BJ, Kuca K. Oximes: inhibitors of human recombinant acetylcholinesterase. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16882-900. [PMID: 23959117 PMCID: PMC3759941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators were developed for the treatment of organophosphate intoxication. Standard care involves the use of anticonvulsants (e.g., diazepam), parasympatolytics (e.g., atropine) and oximes that restore AChE activity. However, oximes also bind to the active site of AChE, simultaneously acting as reversible inhibitors. The goal of the present study is to determine how oxime structure influences the inhibition of human recombinant AChE (hrAChE). Therefore, 24 structurally different oximes were tested and the results compared to the previous eel AChE (EeAChE) experiments. Structural factors that were tested included the number of pyridinium rings, the length and structural features of the linker, and the number and position of the oxime group on the pyridinium ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Sepsova
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (V.S.); (J.K.); (F.Z.)
| | - Jana Zdarova Karasova
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
- University Hospital, Biomedicinal Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (V.S.); (J.K.); (F.Z.)
- University Hospital, Biomedicinal Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- University Hospital, Biomedicinal Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Filip Zemek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (V.S.); (J.K.); (F.Z.)
| | - Brian J. Bennion
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Kamil Kuca
- University Hospital, Biomedicinal Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
- Center of Advances Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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In vitro investigation of efficacy of new reactivators on OPC inhibited rat brain acetylcholinesterase. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 203:139-43. [PMID: 23220589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) were developed as warfare nerve agents. They are also widely used as pesticides. The drug therapy of intoxication with OPC includes mainly combination of cholinesterase (ChE) reactivators and cholinolytics. There is no single ChE reactivator having an ability to reactivate sufficiently the inhibited enzyme due to the high variability of chemical structure of the inhibitors. The difficulties in reactivation of ChE activity and slight antidote effect regarding intoxication with some OPC are some of the reasons for continuous efforts to obtain new reactivators of ChE. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of some ChE reactivators against OPC intoxication (tabun, paraoxon and dichlorvos) in in vitro experiments and to compare their activity to that known for some currently used oximes (obidoxime, HI-6, 2-PAM). Experiments were carried out using rat brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Reactivators showed different activity in the reactivation of rat brain AChE after dichlorvos, paraoxon and tabun inhibition. AChE was easier reactivated after paraoxon treatment. The best effect showed BT-07-4M, obidoxime, TMB-4 and BT-08 from the group of symmetric oximes, and Toxidin, BT-05 and BT-03 from asymmetric compounds. The reactivation of brain AChE inhibited with tabun demonstrated better activity of new compound BT-07-4M, TMB-4 and obidoxime from symmetric oximes, and BT-05 and BT-03 possessing asymmetric structure. All compounds showed low activity toward inhibition of AChE caused by dichlorvos. Comparison of two main structure types (symmetric/asymmetric) showed that the symmetric compounds reactivated better AChE, inhibited with this OPC, than asymmetric ones.
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